Soc 4850: Exam 1
Which term is preferred in comparison to child pornography?
"Child Sexual Abuse Image"
Why is the term trafficking misleading?
"The use of term trafficking is somewhat misleading because it implies physical movement of the child, which is not a requirement of most definitions. That transportation is not a requirement reflects current recognition that child sex trafficking is defined by exploitation, rather than by movement"
Out of the following examples, which is a contested form of child sexual abuse?
-
What are the chances that a female murder victim is killed by a male intimate?
1/3.
What percentage of middle schoolers have had sexual intercourse?
15%
In which decade was child abuse widely recognized as a social problem in the United States?
1960s.
In which decade did the first women's shelters open in the United States?
1970s.
In which year was the first definition of commercial sexual exploitation of children developed?
1996
What percentage of parents used abusive tactics in raising their children, according to the national family violence survey?
2/3's(2%)
Approximately how many substantiated cases of child abuse occurred in 2014?
3 per 1,000 children(17%)
How many cases of child abuse were reported to CPS in 2014?
3.2 million children.
What percentage of parents admit to slapping or spanking their children?
3/4(39%)
In surveying children between the ages of 14-17 years old, lifetime prevalance of child maltreatment is
41%
What percentage of high school seniors have had sexual intercourse?
50%
According to NIS-4, what percentage of perpetrators of CPA are biological parents?
72%
The National Family Violence Survey found that _______________ of parents admitted to having used at least one violence act toward their children.
75%
What percentage of adults today are aware of SBS?
80%
What percentage of children engage in violence toward their siblings?
82%
What kind of trait has been found to predispose parents to hyper-reactive responses?
A crying child *physiological trait
What event marked the medical community as claim makers?
Addition of CPA as a clinical diagnosis and battered child syndrome.
In how many states is it legal for parents to use corporal punishment?
All 50 states as long as it is not injurious, excessive or cruel.
Some policy argues for programs that simultaneously address violence against children, the elderly, and intimate partners simultaneously. What is the reasoning behind this?
All forms of violence are interconnected.
Up until __________ times, children were regarded as property.
Ancient.
What definitional requirement helps to distinguish between normal caregiving activities and CSA?
Any sexual act.
How many children died in 2014 from child abuse?
Approximately 1,580.
For child abuse, who do self-report surveys most often ask questions of?
Ask adults to report on their own childhood and experiences.
Which of the following is not a key component that makes up the definition of CSA?
CSA: Sexual contact with child, exploitation, age or maturational adv.
Which of the following is NOT a form of commercial sexual exploitation of children?
CSEC includes pornography, prostitution, and sex trafficking activities - that are often interrelated
Rates of ice cream consumption and instances of rape are highly correlated. This is an example of a violation of
Causation.
Jackson(age 14) said yes when his language arts teacher asked Jackson if she could give him oral sex. Why does this constitute CSA?
Children are not fully aware of what they consent to.
What was the first women's shelter to gain widespread attention?
Chiswick's Women's Aid.
Who negotiates the understanding of social conditions into specific social problems?
Claim Makers
____________ challenge a social practice to redefine it as a social problem.
Claim Makers.
A church organization raises funds to go to Washington, DC, and schedule meetings with legislators to talk about sexual child abuse in the church. Which of the following is it an example of?
Claim Making.
Which of the following is NOT a common behavioral problem among abusive parents?
Common behavioral problems among abusive parents are... 1. Unrealistic expectations and negative perceptions regarding their children 2. Regard their children as bad, slow, or difficult to discipline 3. View child's behavior as if it were intended to annoy them 4. View their parenting role as stressful and dissatisfying (pg 62)
Which survey instrument works to normalize conflict in intimate relationships?
Conflict tactics scales (CTS)
What does it mean to operationalize a variable?
Creates specific questions about sexual circumstances that constitutes "sexual abuse".
Which of the following is NOT a journal dedicated to publishing about VMIR?
Crime & Delinquency.
If the cultural practice of boys becoming men after ingesting semen is not considered violence, then we are engaging in what?
Cultural Relativism.
Practices such as widow burning and female genital cutting are not protected by the UN because they reject what?
Cultural Relativism.
In certain countries in Africa, female genital cutting is a tradition for young girls to undergo. What is this an example of?
Culturally and developmentally normative sexual behavior.
What practice in the United States is currently not considered abuse, but some claims makers are emerging to consider it abuse?
Curcumcision.
What are the gaps between levels of the funnel called?
Dark Figures.
What early document established the vulnerability women face against their husbands in a marital relationship?
Declaration of Sentiments.
What helped to establish child abuse as a wide spread problem?
Diagnosis of battered child syndrome.
If a woman with depression experiences IPV(Intimate Partner Violence), we may have a problem with
Emotional and Behavioral Problems.
Who collects the Uniform Crime report statistics?
FBI.
Levels 11 and Levels 111 of the funnel are compiled through
Formal agents of social control.
Recognition of sexual child abuse can be traced back to which important scholar?
Freud.
When it comes to infanticide, who is most likely to be killed?
Girls.
How many children are trafficked in the United States each year?
Girls:9 million Boys: 1 million U.S: 1,400 to 326,000.
Which term describes how victim and offender populations are very diverse?
Heterogeneity.
In most states, when is incest illegal?
Illegal regardless of the victims age or consent.
Freud stated that neuroses in female patients were often caused by
Incest.
Who defines the specific guidelines to follow in cases of child abuse?
Individual States.
Why is the house of refuge movement historically important?
It was the first attempt of the government to intervene on child abuse.
Which of the following is not a common sexual behavior in children aged 2-6 years old?
Kissing non family members, looking at others undressing.. being a perve at a young age.
Where in the funnel would you locate the NCVS data?
Level 1
What research method helps to control for the time-order problem?
Longitudinal.
Which of the following is NOT a common sexual behavior in children aged 2-6 years old?
Manipulation or Persuasion.
What key claims maker caused the child protection movement to flourish?
Medical Professionals.
In the National Violence Against Women Survey, who was found to be at higher risk for experiencing severe forms of assault?
Men
Which data set surveys professionals who are mandated reporters of child maltreatment?
National Child Abuse & Neglect Data System (NCANDS)
What group was an important claims maker in establishing laws around IPV(Intimate Partner Violence) in the United States?
National Coalition Against Domestic Violence.
A survey conducted by Strauss et al. found that _________ of parents surveyed engaged in at least one form of severe physical assault at least once during their parenting
Nearly Half.
In a survey of adults, how many reported experiencing physical assault from a caregiver when they were children.
Nearly half of the surveyed(16,000 people + half men, half women)
When it comes to nonbiological parents, who is more likely to perpetrate child abuse?
Non-biological parents or parent substitutes.
What do we call a nonaccidental relationship?
Nonspuriousness.
What previous policy in China led to a high practice of feticide?
One-Child policy
Which phrase means that the state has the right and responsibility to protect those who cannot protect themselves?
Parens Patriae.
Janet see's her child's lack of progress with reading as a deliberate misbehavior. What is this an example characteristic of?
Parenting Deficit.
In the majority of abuse cases, who are the adults committing CPA?
Parents of the maltreated children (Primary Caregivers)
Which of the following is a name of a prevention program about SBS?
Period of Purple Crying.
Which of the following is not a risk factor for CPA?
Physical, cognitive, and developmental disabilities are risk factors.
What term means that victims are often exposed to multiple forms of violence and maltreatment?
Polyvictimization
If you read that 10% of women are victims of rape and 20% are victims of drug-facilitated rape, why can you not assume that 30% of women experience some form of sexual assault?
Polyvictimization.
What mental illness can cause CPA(Child physical abuse) to be unintentional?
Postpartum depression.
Parents choosing to selectively abort a child with unwanted features, such a sex or disability, is called
Selective Feticide.
According to the operational definition, sexual acts include all of the following EXCEPT:
Sexual Contact, Exploitation.
What is the difference between sexual contact and sexual acts?
Sexual contact: Intention touching (body parts) Sexual Acts: Penetration(oral)
In the past 20 years, what has happened to the number of substantiated cases of child abuse?
Significantly decreased, 20 years ago it was 7 per 1,000 children.
Which of the following is NOT involved in the shift of a social condition to a social problem?
Social Fatigue.
What factor may be influencing the higher estimates of CPA in nonwhite families?
Socioeconomic status.
What is the most frequent form of violence parents admitted to using against their children?
Spanking, slapping, pinching.
At what level of government are criminal statutes about child sexual abuse decided?
State level of government.
Child Physical Abuse is:
Symptoms from intentional physical assault.
What precipitating event led to the creation of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in 1874?
The abuse case of Mary Ellen.
In research on VMIR, experimental controlled trails are used to study
The effects of IPV on Women.
What is an advocacy statistic?
The misuse or exageration of statistics to further a particular case.
Which survey presents violence as a health concern?
The national intimate partner and sexual violence survey.
What survey utilizes the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ)?
The national survey of children's exposure to violence. (NatSCEV)
In the past 20 years, what had happened to the reported number of child abuse cases?
The number has remained remarkably stable.
Why do some object to the term child pornography?
They argue that the term trivializes its inherently abusive content, implies consensual activity and fails to recognize that such materials are not the same as adult pornography or erotica.
__________ means that a cause must occur before an effect.
Time Order.
The uniform crime report is an example of what kind of statistic or survey?
To collect and report crimes, number of arrests, and person's arrested.
What was the NatSCEV designed to account for?
To measure the polyvictimization of children.
Infanticide is sometimes seen as a solution to _______________.
Unwanted Infants(births).
What is the most common form of interpersonal violence?
Violence between siblings.
When are children more likely to sustain severe harm from CPA?
When someone other than a parent or a parent figure perpetrated the abuse.
Who defines social problems for the public?
Winning Claim makers.