Soc Quizzes

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Males and females often are sorted into different tasks within social institutions such as family, education, and the economy. What concept would a sociologist use to explain how this happens?

gender

Based on an underlying assumption that society is comprised of groups that compete for scarce resources and advantages, a sociologist conducts a study to determine whether and how the degree of racial diversity in a nation affects its level of political polarization. What sociological perspective most likely guides this study?

Conflict Theory

The Looking Glass theory was posited by which theorist(s)?

Cooley and Mead

A sociologist hypothesizes that an increase in a society's level of income inequality will produce an increase in its property crime rate. In this study, the property crime rate is the:

Dependent variable

Sociologists call behavior that does not conform to a society's or group's expectations:

Deviance

Emile Durkheim used the term "Organic Solidarity" to describe simple pre-modern societies, and he used the term, "Mechanical Solidarity" to describe complex societies.

False

Endogamy refers to the practice of marrying outside of one's own religious group.

False

For sociologists, "culture" is limited to such things as fine art, ballet, theater, literature, and classical music.

False

Genocide refers to extreme discriminatioin against someone because of their gender.

False

Globalization refers to the process in which the nations of the world become increasingly detached and less dependent on other nations.

False

In most contexts words contribute around 75% of the content of a message.

False

Max Weber's three Ps are: position, population, and production.

False

Men wo do less housework are happier with their relationships/mariages than men who do more housework.

False

Over 50 percent of funding for local schools comes from the federal government.

False

Random sampling is not representative and is mostly used in qualitative research.

False

Rational choice theorists argue that we should reduce the penalties (costs) for crimes because penalties do not deter crime.

False

Relative poverty refers to the lowest level of poverty.

False

Research has shown that testosterone is not associated with aggression.

False

Resource theory argures that two parent households have more resources than single parent households.

False

Secondary groups are made up of people from our inner circle (e.g. family and friends).

False

Since 1980 more men have gone to and graduated from college than women in the U.S.

False

Social experiments are inductive and qualitative.

False

Sociology focuses more on individuals, whereas psychology focuses more on group patterns.

False

The global south has higher literacy rates than the global north.

False

The meso-level is the broadest and largest level of sociological analysis.

False

The most typical authority pattern in the world for families is matriarchy.

False

The state of anomie occurs when there is widespread agreement within a society regarding what is considered the most important and appropriate social norms.

False

Typically, sociologists lean more towards explanations of biology than nurture in trying to understand socialization.

False

Variables are concepts that do not vary in frequency.

False

Violent crime rates are higher in Japan than in the U.S.

False

Society is made up of structures but not processes.

Flase

What sociological perspective views society as a system of interrelated parts that contribute to social stability?

Functionalist

After going out on several dates with a new companion, you are invited to meet your new companion's grandparents over dinner. The day before the dinner, you get a haircut and make sure that you have some long-sleeved shirts clean so you can hide the tattoos on your arms. From Goffman's dramaturgical perspective, your behavior illustrates:

Impression management

A group with expectations and values that contrast sharply with the dominant values of a particular society is called a counter culture.

True

A social group or organization in which people are allocated to positions according to their abilities and credentials, as in level of education attained, is called a meritocracy.

True

A society refers to an organized and interdependent group of individuals who live together in a specific geographic area, who interact more with each other than they do with outsiders and cooperate for the attainent of common goals.

True

A theoretical perspective is a basic view of society that guides the social scientist's research and analysis.

True

According to the U.S. Census Bureau a family is, "a group of two or more people (one of whom is considered the householder) related by birth, marriage or adoption and resideing together; all such people are considered as members of the family."

True

Ascribed statuses are assigned at birth.

True

Children are socialized differently according to their social class.

True

Class stratification systems allow individuals to earn positions through their ability, efforts, and choices.

True

Conflict theory has its origins in the works of Karl Marx.

True

Culture refers to the way of life shared by a group of people -the knowledge, beliefs, values, rules or laws, language, customs, symbols, and material products within a society that help meet human needs.

True

Deviance refers to the violation of society's norms, which then evoke negative reactions from others in society.

True

Differential association theory focuses on the process of learning deviance from family, peers, fellow employees, political organizations, gangs etc.

True

Ethnic groups are based on factors: language, religion, dress, foods, customs, beliefs, values, norms, a shared group identity or feeling, and sometimes loyalty to a homeland, monarch, or religious leader.

True

Examples of formal agents are schools, religious organizations, as well as families.

True

Examples of infomal agents are media, books, internet, and advertisements.

True

Exogamy is a cultural norm that requires individuals to marry outside their own immediate group.

True

Formal education involves schooling that takes place in a prescribed setting with the goal of teaching a set curriculum.

True

Gender refers to a society's notions of masculinity and femininity.

True

In some developing countries, clean water accessibility has an impact on the rate of girls who attend school.

True

In the past school year, nearly half of all students in grades 7 through 12 dealt with sexual harassment.

True

Large quantities of data can be gathered from closed ended interviews.

True

Material culture includes human-made objects we can see or touch, all the artifacts of a group of people.

True

Monogamy is the most familiar form of marriage in industrial and post-industrial societies.

True

One of the benefits of content analysis is that it is unobtrusive.

True

One of the founders of Symbolic Interaction theory is George Herbert Mead.

True

Prejudice refers to attitudes that prejudge a group, usually negatively, and not based on facts.

True

Primary deviance is a violation of a norm that may be an isolated act or an initial act of rule breaking.

True

Purposive sampling is used to target specific populations.

True

Rich meaning can be obtained by using in-depth interviews.

True

Sexuality refers to culturally shaped meanings both of sexual acts and of how we experience our own bodies.

True

Side-effect discrimination refers to practices in one institutional area that have negative impact because they are linked to practices in another institutional area.

True

Social mobility refers to the extent to which people move up or down in the class system, especially from one generation to the next.

True

Social networks refer to individuals linked together by one or more social relationships connecting us to the larger society.

True

Social stratification refers to how individuals and groups are layered or ranked in society according to how many valued resources they possess.

True

Some cultures require more personal space than others.

True

Strain theory examines the breakdown of norms caused by the lack of shared achievable goals and the lack of socially approved means to achieve those goals.

True

Subjugation refers to the subordination of one group to another that holds power and authority.

True

The "me" is the part of the self that has learned the rules of society through interaction and role taking and it controls the "I" and its desires.

True

The "self" refers to the perception we have of who we are.

True

The authors use "hardware" as an analogy for society and they use "software" for culture.

True

The control group in a social experiment does not receive the treatment.

True

The sociological imagination involves the idea that many personal experiences can and should be interpreted in the context of large-scale forces in the wider society.

True

Three sources of inequality in schools are, testing, tracking, and funding.

True

Two thirds of the world's adult illiterate population is made up of women.

True

W.E.B. Du Bois applied conflict theory to race.

True

With secondary deviance individuals take on a deviant identity within society.

True

Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior.

Ture

What percentage of high school students who took the ACT met the benchmark of college readiness in all four subjects (English, reading, math, and science)?

27%

What percentage of all adults identify as transgender.

0.6%

How many countries have 50% or more of women in parliaments or congress?

2

Mary Jo and her friends travel from the U.S. to Guatemala for a humanitarian trip. Upon arriving in Guatemala, Mary Jo exclaims, "Such poor people and backward customs! I am so glad that we are here to help!" Mary Jo's sentiments reflect a way of viewing culture known as:

Ethnocentrism

A correlation is when one variable produces an effect (cause) in another variable.

False

A spurious relationship exists when one variable is correlated with, and causally related to a second variable, and when no third variable is involved.

False

According to Mead, the game stage is the first stage in the development of the self.

False

According to the authors, slavery has almost been abolished around the world today.

False

Caste systems ensure social and economic equality.

False

Compared to other industrialized nations, the U.S. has a low incarceration rate.

False

Content analysis involves data from books, but not other data sources.

False

The behavioral expectations for proper behavior shared by people in a given social context are called:

Norm

Karl Marx theorized that societies were increasingly dividing into a small number of capitalists and a large number of workers. He referred to the large number of workers as the:

Proletariat

A sociologist writes an ethnography after spending several months making observations and conducting face-to-face interviews in a local community that has an unusually high infant mortality rate. What type of research strategy does this study use?

Qualitative

Individuals are often described in terms of their placement within a socially constructed set of categories based on certain biologically inherited physical characteristics such as skin color. Sociologists call this socially constructed set of categories:

Race

Throughout our lives, family members, the education system, peers, coworkers, and others teach us how to participate in society. Sociologists refer to this process as:

Socialization

Sociology promotes a capacity to recognize how individuals' personal troubles are also public issues affecting others living in a similar time and place. This capacity is known as the:

Sociological imagination

Among the global north countries, which nation has the highest percentage of working women?

Sweden

Andy grows up in a low-income family and often wears "hand-me-down" clothes. Other kids ridicule Andy for his appearance, and these interactions contribute to Andy's nervous and shy personality. This illustrates what the the sociologist Charles Horton Cooley called:

The Looking-glass theory

Which country was the first to allow same sex marriage?

The Netherlands


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