SOCI 1510 Chapter 9 Quiz

Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with which of the following illnesses? heart disease cancer type 1 diabetes Correct! depression

depression

What is the belief that the lived experiences of women and men differ because of biological differences? gender theory social constructionism transsexuality Correct! essentialism

essentialism

In The Mismeasure of Women, social psychologist Carol Tavris argues that there is nothing "universal and nonvarying . . . in the natures of men and women." If you agree with her, you would have to reject the concept of Correct! essentialism. queer theory. symbolic interactionism. social construction.

essentialism.

Within the social structure of the school, women tend to be concentrated at the lower levels, as teachers and aides, while men tend to occupy upper-management and administrative positions. Which concept do these patterns most reinforce? gender nonconforming heteronormativity gender role socialization social learning

gender role socialization

A same-sex couple holding hands or kissing in public may receive disapproving looks or even abusive comments from other people. This is an example of misogyny. Correct! homophobia. transphobia. sexism.

homophobia.

Regarding gender, structural functionalists generally believe that Correct! some social roles are better suited to one gender than the other. men maintain control of the most valuable social roles. the current system of gender stratification is based on conflict. gender is constructed and maintained through everyday actions.

some social roles are better suited to one gender than the other.

Which sociological perspective is concerned with how gender is constructed and maintained in our everyday lives? essentialism Correct! symbolic interactionism conflict theory feminism

symbolic interactionism

From a symbolic interactionist perspective, the most important way that schools socialize children into their gender identities is by requiring children to wear uniforms. by exposing children to mass media. by punishing children for minor violations of gender norms on the playground. Correct! through interactions between teachers and students.

through interactions between teachers and students.

A boy receives a B+ on his assignment; the teacher's comment reads, "Brilliant insight, but you're lacking focus and have some typos." How is this typical of the way schools treat boys? Boys are given more challenging assignments than girls. Boys are more likely to be punished for horseplay and hyperactivity than girls. Boys are judged mostly on the basis of their effort. Correct! Boys are more likely to receive praise for the intellectual quality of their work than girls.

Boys are more likely to receive praise for the intellectual quality of their work than girls.

In 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized the Seneca Falls Convention to address the issue of equal rights for women. The convention produced a Declaration of Sentiments, which laid out a list of injustices done to women by men. Which of the following do you think was first on their list given your knowledge of the first wave of the women's movement? "He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns." "He has created a false public sentiment by giving to the world a different code of morals for men and women, by which moral delinquencies which exclude women from society are not only tolerated, but deemed of little account in man." Correct! "He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise." "He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead."

"He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise."

Some sociologists argue that the use of the word "mankind" to refer to large groups that include both male and female members is an example of sexist language. What does this tell us about the relationship between language and culture? Language is shaped by culture, and the use of nonsexist words is a signal of social change. Correct! Language shapes culture, so using gender-neutral language facilitates social change. Language can change culture, but only in negative ways that increase sexism and discrimination. Culture can only be transformed through material and economic change, not through any connection to language.

Language shapes culture, so using gender-neutral language facilitates social change.

Conflict theorist Friedrich Engels noted there were two ways in which capitalists benefited from maintaining a patriarchal family structure. What are they? Correct! Women do the work of the labor force without direct compensation and serve as an inexpensive "reserve army" of labor when needed. Men do the work of the labor force without direct compensation and serve as an inexpensive "reserve army" of labor when needed. Material inequalities do not exist and powerful individuals can maintain a division of labor. Women are able to take on the breadwinner role and men can become caretakers.

Women do the work of the labor force without direct compensation and serve as an inexpensive "reserve army" of labor when needed.

In the opening pages of The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan wrote about a problem that "lay buried, unspoken, for many years in the minds of American women." What was this problem? Women didn't have the right to vote. The media imposed unrealistic beauty standards upon women. Correct! Women experienced dissatisfaction with and were limited by traditional gender roles. Employers actively discriminated against women based on their gender.

Women experienced dissatisfaction with and were limited by traditional gender roles.

Some newspapers, magazines, and other media tend to use gender-inappropriate names or pronouns as well as other language that trans people find insensitive or offensive when describing transgender people. This is an example of homophobia. Correct! a microaggression. sexism. patriarchy.

a microaggression.

A man is found guilty of rape, and despite the prosecutors asking for a sentence of six years in prison, the judge handed down a sentence of just six months in county jail. Many felt that, by handing down a light sentence for a serious crime, the judge was normalizing transphobia. intersectionality. the feminization of poverty. Correct! rape culture.

rape culture.

The textbook's examples of "third genders" such as "two-spirit" people and hijras demonstrate that Correct! sex and gender in some non-Western cultures defy the binary classification of male and female. gender expression is more important than biological sex. sociologists and anthropologists are important actors in the creation of gender expression. gender is determined by secondary sex characteristics.

sex and gender in some non-Western cultures defy the binary classification of male and female.

Which of the following folk sayings expresses the idea of the "second shift" as sociologist Arlie Hochschild described it? "A wife that does not know how to keep house throws out more with a teaspoon than a man can bring in with a shovel." "Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater." "A woman has to be twice as good as a man to be regarded as half as clever." Correct! "Man works from sun to sun, but woman's work is never done."

"Man works from sun to sun, but woman's work is never done."

Doctors and parents are quick to seek a surgical "fix" for babies who are born intersex because intersex babies face serious health risks later in life. Correct! an ambiguously sexed person seems threatening and disturbing in Western society. doctors and parents can always tell the sex a baby was meant to be. it is impossible to change a baby's sex later in life.

an ambiguously sexed person seems threatening and disturbing in Western society.

According to conflict theory, women's contributions to family life are devalued because the resources provided by men are more valuable than those provided by women. family life remains the same when no one plays the expressive role. women are entering the workforce in greater numbers. Correct! as a social group, men benefit from maintaining their dominant status.

as a social group, men benefit from maintaining their dominant status.

An individual has never felt sexual attraction of any kind, and has never felt an interest in or desire for sex. How would this individual most likely identify? homosexual bisexual Correct! asexual gender nonconforming

asexual

Gender role socialization begins at birth. around puberty. when children begin attending school. Correct! before birth.

before birth.

An example of a secondary sex characteristic is chromosomes. hormones. Correct! body hair. reproductive organs.

body hair.

Sociologists who believe that notions of gender are socially determined are essentialists. nonbinary. hijras. Correct! constructionists.

constructionists.

Sociologists who study gender in rural areas have noticed that only one person is called the "farmer," even though everyone in a family works on the farm. The "farmer" is usually male and has more prestige than the other family members working on the farm. This is an example of the "second shift." sexual orientation identity. Correct! patriarchy. feminism.

patriarchy.

What theory suggests that any kind of categorization is outmoded and limiting? essentialism symbolic interactionism Correct! queer theory constructionism

queer theory