Social Problems Test 2
Misdemeanors are punished more harshly than felonies.
False
Police administrators prefer traditional policing to community policing.
False
Pre-K schools are available to low-income children only.
False
Research clearly shows that charter and magnet schools do a better job than other types of schools overall.
False
Research suggests that earlier sexual activity is the primary cause of high birth rates among U.S. teens as compared to their European counterparts.
False
The 2016 U.S. median household income was approximately $79,039.
False
The basis of stereotype threat is that the person must believe the stereotype in order for intellectual ability to be impaired.
False
The current standard of education in the United States is an associate's degree.
False
The rate of divorce for older adults has decreased significantly in recent years.
False
The widespread, systematic disinvestment in our nation's manufacturing and production capacities is known as the Industrial Revolution.
False
Workplace homicides accounted for less than one percent of all work related fatal occupational injuries in 2016.
False
Worldwide, only 10 countries have abolished the use of the death penalty.
False
The Uniform Crime Report is published by the which of these?
Federal Bureau of Investigation
What is the name for a minor legal offense?
a misdemeanor
From a feminist perspective, familial inequality emerges from which of these?
a patriarchal family structure
Compared to native-born workers, foreign-born workers are more likely to be which of these?
male
While the U.S. spends ______ on education than other high-income countries, our literacy scores are ______ in a world comparison.
more; average
Research by Gubernskaya found that which group of individuals had less-traditional views about marriage and children?
never-married, educated, employed, and secularized women
Which of the following is NOT a controversial issues surrounding charter schools and voucher systems?
promoting a common core curriculum
A Conflict theorist would say that the purpose of law enforcement is which of these?
protect the interests and power of the dominant class
Keesha, a high school senior, keep receiving unwelcome comments on how she looks from Aaron, another high school student. Aaron also shares lockers by Keesha, and he "accidentally" physically bumps into her everyday between classes. Keesha avoids her locker and has missed school several times just to avoid Aaron. Keesha's experience with Aaron likely constitutes which of these?
sexual harassment
A Department of Health and Human Services 2002-2005 study found that low income 3- and 4-year-old children enrolled in Head Start showed ______ in pre-reading, pre-writing, and vocabulary skills as compared to non-Head Start children.
small to moderate gains
Family, religion, and education are examples of which of these?
social institutions
From the interactionist perspective, we create and maintain our definition of a family through which of these?
social interaction
What is the term for the type of employment that is under less-than-optimal conditions regarding pay, skill, or working hours?
underemployment
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the community policing approach?
use of arrest as a deterrent
In a study of nurses' perceptions of patients and resultant nurse-patient communication, researchers Byrne and Heyman found that nurses defined which of these as valuable and satisfying?
work with patients who needed major care
Which of these is NOT promoted by heteronormativity?
adoption
According to the UNESCO, which of these is associated with literacy disparities?
gender
Which of the following is NOT a focus when promoting safety in schools?
prediction
In their 1992 report, the American Association of University Women called on local communities and schools to promote programs that encourage and support girls studying which of these?
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
An economic shift toward service and information occupations is known as which of these?
service revolution
Which U.S. region has the highest number of bachelor's degrees or higher?
the Northeast
Which country has the highest number of female detainees?
the United States
Property crimes make up about ______ of all crime in the United States.
three-fourths
Which of these has the lowest rate of victimization?
white females
When were no-fault divorces introduced?
1970s
A household is a social unit based on kinship relations.
False
Many adults in the United States suffer from true illiteracy.
False
What happens to a charter school that fails to meet its goals?
It cannot be renewed under its charter
Which of these is a critique of the Uniform Crime Report and the National Incident-Based Reporting System?
They focus only on reported crimes
According to the documentary 13th, nearly _____________________ young Black males can expect to go to prison within their lifetimes.
1 in 3
A survey conducted in 2015 by the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that nationwide, about ______ of students had been on a fight on campus.
22 percent
The recent divorce rate has remained at about ______ divorces per 1,000 individuals.
3.5
According to the American Association of University Report, just under ______ of American high school girls reporting experiencing sexual harassment in school.
50%
In "The Color of Justice," all of the following states are noted within the top 5 in the nation for having the highest rates of African American incarceration except:
Alabama
Which of these is TRUE of teen pregnancy?
Asian Pacific Islanders have the lowest birthrates of all racial and ethnic groups.
Which of these groups had the highest median wages in 2016?
Asian women
Many groups have organized at the grassroots level to protect citizens against police brutality. Which of these is NOT one of those groups?
COPS
What is the name for the set of college and career standards for English language arts/literacy and math for all kindergarten through 12th-grade students in the United States that have been adopted in 41 states?
Common Core
In "The Color of Justice," the author notes that chronic racial/ethnic disparity became a known feature of the prison system in the last 5 years.
False
In the article "The Color of Justice," the concept of structural disadvantage highlights how imprisonment disparities are partially a function of African American communities' disproportionate experience of negative social factors, including all of the following except:
Educational discrimination
According to statistics provided in "The Color of Justice," Blacks are nearly four times as likely to be arrested for drug crimes as Whites, in part because of their higher rates of drug use.
False
According to the author in "The Color of Justice," racial disparities in prison are fully explained by criminal offending.
False
According to the documentary 13th, Clinton's 1994 Federal Crime Bill reduced prison populations to their lowest numbers in nearly 50 years.
False
Children living in a grandparent's household without a parent present are no more likely to be living in poverty than children living with both grandparents and a parent.
False
Data from the 2016 U.S. Census confirm that the U.S. population is increasingly less educated.
False
Functionalists believe that the family, as the most important social institution, operates autonomously from other social institutions in society.
False
In "The Color of Justice," the author notes how all of the following policies/practices contributed to the rise in mass incarceration except:
Greater use of life sentences for those convicted of homicide beginning in 1986
According to the author in "The Color of Justice," as one moves through the criminal justice system from arrest to imprisonment, racial/ethnic disparities...
Increase
The author of "The Color of Justice" proposes all of the following potential reforms aimed at reducing racial/ethnic disparities in prison except:
Increasing community policing efforts in high-crime neighborhoods
Which of these have feminists critiqued about the Family Medical Leave Act?
It perpetuates stereotypes that women are dependent on men as providers
Which of these is NOT a function of the family according to the functionalist perspective?
It serves as a secondary group
Which of these is NOT true of the change in household types between 1970 and 2012?
Married couples with children increased
In the documentary 13th, we learned that the 1970s marked the beginning of an era characterized by...
Mass incarceration
According to the article "The Color of Justice," on average, Blacks are incarcerated at _________________ the rates of Whites.
More than 5 times
A family consisting of parents and their children is called which of these?
Nuclear Family
Which federal office handles legal and policy issues regarding violence against women?
Office of Violence Against Women
In the article "The Color of Justice," the author highlights 3 recurring explanations for racial disparities in prison; all of the following are cited as recurring explanations except:
People of color's differential engagement in felony-level offending
According to Saporito and Lareau (1999), the one consistent finding on school choice is which of these?
Students from poorer families or with less educated parents are less likely to apply or participate in public choice school programs than middle class families
Which of these explains the increase in women's incarceration?
The current legal system encourages a tough on crime stance for men and women
What becomes evident when the Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization Survey are compared?
The number of crimes committed is higher than the number of crimes reported
Which of these is NOT a reason that divorce rates have increased?
The society has transitioned from nuclear to extended family forms
According to the National Center on Elder Abuse, community education and outreach are two responses important in combating the problem of elder abuse and neglect.
True
African American and Hispanic youth are more likely to be arrested and committed to secure placements than are white youth.
True
Conflict theorists argue that the criminal justice system is intentionally unequal.
True
Efforts to increase the minimum wage are supported by unions and poverty organizations which argue that doing so will help the nation's working poor and low-income families.
True
Foreign-born workers are overrepresented in low-paying occupations.
True
Long periods of unemployment are associated with increased rates of suicide and domestic violence.
True
Many of the worker benefits advocated by early labor unions are now mandated through federal, state, and local labor laws.
True
Non-traditional families are often blamed for increases in drug abuse, delinquency, illiteracy, and crime in society.
True
The 1983 National Commission on Excellence in education report, A Nation at Risk, critiqued the American Education system for its inability to produce a skilled American workforce.
True
The Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network's 2015 National School Climate Survey found that 86% of the surveyed students reported being verbally harassed in school the past year.
True
The U.S. birthrate for teenagers (aged 15-19 years) is the highest in the developed world.
True
There is no comprehensive national reporting system for abandoned babies in the United States.
True
All but which of these social factors have been consistently linked to family violence?
low religious participation
Women entered the workforce in record numbers during which of these time periods?
World War 2
Travis Hirschi believed that society controls our behavior through four elements. Which of these is NOT one of those elements?
competition
Which of these is NOT a white-collar crime?
crimes that involve the threat of physical force
A widespread, systematic disinvestment in our nation's manufacturing and production capacities is referred to as which of these?
deindustrialization
A household is a(n) ______ unit.
economic
Robert K. Merton and others who worked with his assumptions believed that criminal activity would decline if which of these happened?
economic conditions improved
According to the conflict perspective, conflicts between spouses or family members derive from ______ or ______ inequalities.
economic; power
Which theoretical perspective points out that women and men are segregated into different occupational categories in the workforce?
feminist
According to your text, compared to men, women in prison are more likely to ______.
have a history of sexual abuse and trauma
Karl Marx believed that power is determined by one's relationship to which of these?
he means of production
John's dad is in the military, serving overseas. Which of these is NOT cited by your text as a possible negative outcome of parental military involvement that John may suffer as a result?
heteronormativity
Evaluation data of the Head Start program reveals positive outcomes in all of the areas below EXCEPT which of these?
increased job opportunities for parents
Faculty in your major are concerned that it is being labeled as the "easy major." Which perspective would be interested in analyzing this process?
interactionist
