Social Problems Test 2

Misdemeanors are punished more harshly than felonies.

False

Police administrators prefer traditional policing to community policing.

False

Pre-K schools are available to low-income children only.

False

Research clearly shows that charter and magnet schools do a better job than other types of schools overall.

False

Research suggests that earlier sexual activity is the primary cause of high birth rates among U.S. teens as compared to their European counterparts.

False

The 2016 U.S. median household income was approximately $79,039.

False

The basis of stereotype threat is that the person must believe the stereotype in order for intellectual ability to be impaired.

False

The current standard of education in the United States is an associate's degree.

False

The rate of divorce for older adults has decreased significantly in recent years.

False

The widespread, systematic disinvestment in our nation's manufacturing and production capacities is known as the Industrial Revolution.

False

Workplace homicides accounted for less than one percent of all work related fatal occupational injuries in 2016.

False

Worldwide, only 10 countries have abolished the use of the death penalty.

False

The Uniform Crime Report is published by the which of these?

Federal Bureau of Investigation

What is the name for a minor legal offense?

a misdemeanor

From a feminist perspective, familial inequality emerges from which of these?

a patriarchal family structure

Compared to native-born workers, foreign-born workers are more likely to be which of these?

male

While the U.S. spends ______ on education than other high-income countries, our literacy scores are ______ in a world comparison.

more; average

Research by Gubernskaya found that which group of individuals had less-traditional views about marriage and children?

never-married, educated, employed, and secularized women

Which of the following is NOT a controversial issues surrounding charter schools and voucher systems?

promoting a common core curriculum

A Conflict theorist would say that the purpose of law enforcement is which of these?

protect the interests and power of the dominant class

Keesha, a high school senior, keep receiving unwelcome comments on how she looks from Aaron, another high school student. Aaron also shares lockers by Keesha, and he "accidentally" physically bumps into her everyday between classes. Keesha avoids her locker and has missed school several times just to avoid Aaron. Keesha's experience with Aaron likely constitutes which of these?

sexual harassment

A Department of Health and Human Services 2002-2005 study found that low income 3- and 4-year-old children enrolled in Head Start showed ______ in pre-reading, pre-writing, and vocabulary skills as compared to non-Head Start children.

small to moderate gains

Family, religion, and education are examples of which of these?

social institutions

From the interactionist perspective, we create and maintain our definition of a family through which of these?

social interaction

What is the term for the type of employment that is under less-than-optimal conditions regarding pay, skill, or working hours?

underemployment

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the community policing approach?

use of arrest as a deterrent

In a study of nurses' perceptions of patients and resultant nurse-patient communication, researchers Byrne and Heyman found that nurses defined which of these as valuable and satisfying?

work with patients who needed major care

Which of these is NOT promoted by heteronormativity?

adoption

According to the UNESCO, which of these is associated with literacy disparities?

gender

Which of the following is NOT a focus when promoting safety in schools?

prediction

In their 1992 report, the American Association of University Women called on local communities and schools to promote programs that encourage and support girls studying which of these?

science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

An economic shift toward service and information occupations is known as which of these?

service revolution

Which U.S. region has the highest number of bachelor's degrees or higher?

the Northeast

Which country has the highest number of female detainees?

the United States

Property crimes make up about ______ of all crime in the United States.

three-fourths

Which of these has the lowest rate of victimization?

white females

When were no-fault divorces introduced?

1970s

A household is a social unit based on kinship relations.

False

Many adults in the United States suffer from true illiteracy.

False

What happens to a charter school that fails to meet its goals?

It cannot be renewed under its charter

Which of these is a critique of the Uniform Crime Report and the National Incident-Based Reporting System?

They focus only on reported crimes

According to the documentary 13th, nearly _____________________ young Black males can expect to go to prison within their lifetimes.

1 in 3

A survey conducted in 2015 by the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that nationwide, about ______ of students had been on a fight on campus.

22 percent

The recent divorce rate has remained at about ______ divorces per 1,000 individuals.

3.5

According to the American Association of University Report, just under ______ of American high school girls reporting experiencing sexual harassment in school.

50%

In "The Color of Justice," all of the following states are noted within the top 5 in the nation for having the highest rates of African American incarceration except:

Alabama

Which of these is TRUE of teen pregnancy?

Asian Pacific Islanders have the lowest birthrates of all racial and ethnic groups.

Which of these groups had the highest median wages in 2016?

Asian women

Many groups have organized at the grassroots level to protect citizens against police brutality. Which of these is NOT one of those groups?

COPS

What is the name for the set of college and career standards for English language arts/literacy and math for all kindergarten through 12th-grade students in the United States that have been adopted in 41 states?

Common Core

In "The Color of Justice," the author notes that chronic racial/ethnic disparity became a known feature of the prison system in the last 5 years.

False

In the article "The Color of Justice," the concept of structural disadvantage highlights how imprisonment disparities are partially a function of African American communities' disproportionate experience of negative social factors, including all of the following except:

Educational discrimination

According to statistics provided in "The Color of Justice," Blacks are nearly four times as likely to be arrested for drug crimes as Whites, in part because of their higher rates of drug use.

False

According to the author in "The Color of Justice," racial disparities in prison are fully explained by criminal offending.

False

According to the documentary 13th, Clinton's 1994 Federal Crime Bill reduced prison populations to their lowest numbers in nearly 50 years.

False

Children living in a grandparent's household without a parent present are no more likely to be living in poverty than children living with both grandparents and a parent.

False

Data from the 2016 U.S. Census confirm that the U.S. population is increasingly less educated.

False

Functionalists believe that the family, as the most important social institution, operates autonomously from other social institutions in society.

False

In "The Color of Justice," the author notes how all of the following policies/practices contributed to the rise in mass incarceration except:

Greater use of life sentences for those convicted of homicide beginning in 1986

According to the author in "The Color of Justice," as one moves through the criminal justice system from arrest to imprisonment, racial/ethnic disparities...

Increase

The author of "The Color of Justice" proposes all of the following potential reforms aimed at reducing racial/ethnic disparities in prison except:

Increasing community policing efforts in high-crime neighborhoods

Which of these have feminists critiqued about the Family Medical Leave Act?

It perpetuates stereotypes that women are dependent on men as providers

Which of these is NOT a function of the family according to the functionalist perspective?

It serves as a secondary group

Which of these is NOT true of the change in household types between 1970 and 2012?

Married couples with children increased

In the documentary 13th, we learned that the 1970s marked the beginning of an era characterized by...

Mass incarceration

According to the article "The Color of Justice," on average, Blacks are incarcerated at _________________ the rates of Whites.

More than 5 times

A family consisting of parents and their children is called which of these?

Nuclear Family

Which federal office handles legal and policy issues regarding violence against women?

Office of Violence Against Women

In the article "The Color of Justice," the author highlights 3 recurring explanations for racial disparities in prison; all of the following are cited as recurring explanations except:

People of color's differential engagement in felony-level offending

According to Saporito and Lareau (1999), the one consistent finding on school choice is which of these?

Students from poorer families or with less educated parents are less likely to apply or participate in public choice school programs than middle class families

Which of these explains the increase in women's incarceration?

The current legal system encourages a tough on crime stance for men and women

What becomes evident when the Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization Survey are compared?

The number of crimes committed is higher than the number of crimes reported

Which of these is NOT a reason that divorce rates have increased?

The society has transitioned from nuclear to extended family forms

According to the National Center on Elder Abuse, community education and outreach are two responses important in combating the problem of elder abuse and neglect.

True

African American and Hispanic youth are more likely to be arrested and committed to secure placements than are white youth.

True

Conflict theorists argue that the criminal justice system is intentionally unequal.

True

Efforts to increase the minimum wage are supported by unions and poverty organizations which argue that doing so will help the nation's working poor and low-income families.

True

Foreign-born workers are overrepresented in low-paying occupations.

True

Long periods of unemployment are associated with increased rates of suicide and domestic violence.

True

Many of the worker benefits advocated by early labor unions are now mandated through federal, state, and local labor laws.

True

Non-traditional families are often blamed for increases in drug abuse, delinquency, illiteracy, and crime in society.

True

The 1983 National Commission on Excellence in education report, A Nation at Risk, critiqued the American Education system for its inability to produce a skilled American workforce.

True

The Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network's 2015 National School Climate Survey found that 86% of the surveyed students reported being verbally harassed in school the past year.

True

The U.S. birthrate for teenagers (aged 15-19 years) is the highest in the developed world.

True

There is no comprehensive national reporting system for abandoned babies in the United States.

True

All but which of these social factors have been consistently linked to family violence?

low religious participation

Women entered the workforce in record numbers during which of these time periods?

World War 2

Travis Hirschi believed that society controls our behavior through four elements. Which of these is NOT one of those elements?

competition

Which of these is NOT a white-collar crime?

crimes that involve the threat of physical force

A widespread, systematic disinvestment in our nation's manufacturing and production capacities is referred to as which of these?

deindustrialization

A household is a(n) ______ unit.

economic

Robert K. Merton and others who worked with his assumptions believed that criminal activity would decline if which of these happened?

economic conditions improved

According to the conflict perspective, conflicts between spouses or family members derive from ______ or ______ inequalities.

economic; power

Which theoretical perspective points out that women and men are segregated into different occupational categories in the workforce?

feminist

According to your text, compared to men, women in prison are more likely to ______.

have a history of sexual abuse and trauma

Karl Marx believed that power is determined by one's relationship to which of these?

he means of production

John's dad is in the military, serving overseas. Which of these is NOT cited by your text as a possible negative outcome of parental military involvement that John may suffer as a result?

heteronormativity

Evaluation data of the Head Start program reveals positive outcomes in all of the areas below EXCEPT which of these?

increased job opportunities for parents

Faculty in your major are concerned that it is being labeled as the "easy major." Which perspective would be interested in analyzing this process?

interactionist