Social Psy Final Exam

31. Two partners work hard to maintain the relationship. They exhibit:

A. Commitment.

1. Julia and John have been married for 40 years. The initial excitement they felt during the early years of their relationship has faded, but they tell each other everything and think of each other as best friends. The feelings that Julia and John have for one another would be described as _____________ love.

A. Companionate

7. When we change our beliefs or behaviors based on how we perceive the beliefs or behaviors of others, this is:

A. Conformity.

3. ____________ refers to an emotional response in which someone understands, and even feels, another person's emotions and experiences events the same way as the other person.

A. Empathy

32. After visiting the dentist, you start flossing more. The dentist probably demonstrated:

A. Expert power.

11. You have landed at an unfamiliar airport. Thanks to social influence, you might find it by:

A. Following the crowd.

14. The beauty standard of thinness:

A. Varies over time and place.

39. Men are perceived as better leaders than women. In fact:

A. Women are equally likely to be good leaders.

14. If evolutionary explanations for altruism are correct, we would expect:

A. Altruism increases in likelihood the more the helper and the helped are related.

43. Reactance is best described as:

A. An attempt to restore freedom that seems threatened.

22. One way to improve one's attractiveness to a potential partner is to:

A. Approach them when they are in a good mood.

29. The owner of a coal mine threatens to fire any employees who vote for the presidential candidate the owner does not like. This is:

A. Coercive power.

41. In terms of collectivist and individualistic societies:

A. Collectivists tend to emphasize conformity more than individualists.

12. Altruism could best be defined as:

A. Helping someone with no expectation of reward.

8. The strength of our liking or loving of another person is:

A. Interpersonal attraction.

11. More beautiful people can usually expect:

A. More choices of sex partner, job offers and longevity.

2. Which of the following is true regarding age differences in conformity?

A. Older adults (age 65+) conform less than any other age group.

13. A flag becomes an unpopular symbol of racism. Someone moves it from public display to private display in the back of their garage. They demonstrate:

A. Public compliance.

18. Sometimes at the drive through, a customer pays for the drink of the next person in line. The next person pays for the next and so on. This might be an example of:

A. Reciprocity norm.

36. In terms of relationship success, internet use:

A. Seems to be more helpful than harmful.

3. Communicating with someone frequently, without fear of reprisal, and in a way that is accepting and empathetic is referred to as _____________.

A. Self-disclosure

6. When we study the way our thoughts, feelings and actions change in response to other people, we're talking about:

A. Social influence.

16. A 1973 experiment from Darley and Bateson illustrates that:

A. Stated moral values matter less to altruistic behavior than time pressure.

32. When we have spent a lot of resources such as time and sacrifice on a relationship, we might be reluctant to leave it even though the relationship is not optimal. This is called:

A. Sunk-cost bias.

16. In minority influence:

A. The beliefs and preferences of the smaller group prevail.

35. If the contingency model of leadership is correct, the transactional leader will fare better than the transformational leader when:

A. The climate is very favorable or very unfavorable, because charisma will be unnecessary or ineffective.

19. The three major determinants of conformity are:

A. The size and unanimity of the majority and the importance of the task.

3. Tom is playing a social psychology trivia game with a group of his classmates. According to research by Baron and colleagues (1996), in which situation is he MOST likely to conform to incorrect answers given by the majority his classmates?

A. The trivia game counts toward his course grade, and he finds the trivia questions to be very difficult.

44. A lawyer asks leading quests of a witness, knowing the judge will tell the jury to disregard the testimony. The lawyer is relying on:

B. Psychological reactance.

15. The more we help other people, the more other people help us. The word for this theory is:

B. Reciprocal altruism.

8. The biblical verse "do unto others as you would have them do to you" invokes the _______ norm.

B. Reciprocity

27. Raven identified five types of power, including:

B. Reward, legitimate and expert power

20. If you want someone's help, which tactic will improve your odds of success?

B. Subtly mimic their behavior.

15. In majority influence:

B. The beliefs and preferences of the larger group prevail.

20. Which of the following people are most likely to have social power?

B. A CEO.

14. Accuracy and acceptance:

B. Are often complimentary goals.

19. If you want someone's help, which tactic will improve your odds of success?

B. Catch them in a good mood.

19. Romantic partners are most likely to live:

B. Close to one another.

29. As predictors of long-term relational success go:

B. Closeness is more important than positive feelings.

9. Conformity is

B. Determined by person-situation interaction, and probably adaptive overall for society.

8. A leader:

B. Directs or inspires others to achieve goals.

30. Over time, romantic relationships tend to:

B. Grow more complicated.

17. We tend to view people who help others as:

B. Having high social status.

33. When it comes to leadership, there are two important personal characteristics:

B. Intelligence and social skills.

10. Hector see a young woman in the student center slumped over a desk. He decides not to help her because he's not sure if she is ill or just taking a nap. According to Latane and Darley's Stages of Helping, Hector did not get further than the _______ stage.

B. Interpreting the event as an emergency

5. Jacob sees a motorist stranded on the side of the road. Which of the following factors will make Jacob MORE likely to help the motorist?

B. It's a deserted road and other cars are unlikely to pass by and see the stranded motorist.

10. Physically attractive people tend to be seen as:

B. Possessing a range of positive qualities.

42. College professors have noted a rise in students scrolling social media during class. Two professors take different approaches. One sternly warns their students in authoritarian language never to use phones during class. The second explains why phones in class are a bad idea and asks students to help each other by putting them away during class time. Which is the most likely result?

B. The professor who explains and asks nicely observes less phone use in class than the professor taking the authoritarian approach.

23. In the Milgram study, ordinary people gave what they thought were painful and even potentially lethal electric shocks to strangers. They did so because of:

B. The social situation.

21. Older people probably prefer the music of their own generation because:

B. They've heard it more than newer music.

34. A charismatic leader is more likely to be:

B. Transformational than transactional.

33. Sternberg likes:

B. Triangles.

20. You are more likely to fall in love with someone in your class if:

B. You work with them in multiple classes.

6. Alberto is more willing to help his brother paint his new house than he is to help his neighbor paint his house. This is an example of _____________.

B. kinship selection

4. Those with an avoidant attachment style have _____ feelings about the self, but ______ feelings about connecting with others.

B. positive; negative

1. The ____________ norm is that we should try to help others who need assistance, even without any expectation of future paybacks.

B. social responsibility

2. Greg is out for a morning jog, when he passes a female jogger. How will the physiological arousal that Greg feels as a result of the exercise affect his level of attraction to the female jogger? Choose the BEST answer.

C. Greg will find her MORE attractive than he would have if he were not physiologically aroused only if she is someone Greg would normally find attractive.

17. If female preference for high-status rather than attractive men has more to do with sociological factors than evolutionary ones, which finding would be expected?

C. In more egalitarian, less sexist societies, women would focus less on social status than women in less egalitarian, more sexist societies.

34. Collectivist and individualist cultures differ in their emphasis on aspects of love. Namely:

C. Individualists emphasize passion more than collectivists.

37. When it comes to gender differences in conformity:

C. It's complicated.

4. According to research on attributions for responsibility and helping, in which of the following situations is help MOST likely to be provided?

C. Marisol is sick with the flu and too exhausted to get out of bed. She asks her roommate to take care of cleaning and other chores around the apartment.

28. Successful long-term romantic partners tend to describe themselves as:

C. "We."

40. When it comes to gender and leadership style

C. Men are more likely then women to be transactional leaders.

38. Pick the true statement about men and women

C. Men tend to be more concerned than women with status, and women tend to be more concerned than men with harmony

25. In the Milgram experiment, some personality characteristics correlated with resistance to authority:

C. Moral reasoning and social intelligence.

22. Based on the results of the Milgram studies:

C. Ordinary people are easily manipulated into immoral actions.

11. According to research on attributions for responsibility and helping, in which of the following situations is help LEAST likely to be provided?

C. Over the past week, Nicole has spent a large amount of time at work browsing Facebook. At the end of the week, she realizes she doesn't have enough time to finish a project that is due Friday. She asks a co-worker for help with the project.

9. Which of the following is TRUE about the effect of mood on helping behavior?

C. Positive and negative moods both make people more likely to help others.

26. If we wish to influence one person to act like a guard and the other like a prisoner, we should:

C. Put them in those roles.

35. Attachment style:

C. Seems to be relatively stable over time, and seems to matter in adult relationships.

21. The results of the Milgram study were:

C. A complete surprise to everyone.

36. Personal predictors of conformity include:

C. Age, being neither too similar nor too different, and low need for uniqueness.

25. If the goal of marriage is long-term success:

C. Avoid long-distance relationships.

2. Which of the following is TRUE about the effect of mood on helping behavior?

C. Both positive and negative moods make people more likely to help others.

27. In relationships over time:

C. Cognition becomes more important than emotion.

4. In Milgram's classic research on obedience to authority, he conducted several variations on his initial experiment. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the results of these investigations?

C. Female participants were less likely to shock the learner than male participants.

24. In terms of factors leading to long-term relationship satisfaction, same sex marriages are:

C. Similar to opposite-sex marriages.

18. Once physical attraction is present, the next hurdle is probably:

C. Similarity.

13. Some parts of the brain involved in altruism include:

C. The amygdala and prefrontal cortex.

17. In social psychology, we know that:

C. The minority sometimes succeeds in influencing the majority.

5. Which of the following is NOT supported by research on physical attractiveness.

C. There is very little agreement between people about which faces are physically attractive.

10. You see someone throw litter on the ground. In the most likely scenario:

C. They saw someone else throw litter on the ground earlier.

13. Three determinates of beauty are:

C. Youth, symmetry and familiarity.

1. According to Moscovici, those with a minority viewpoint are most convincing when they use a style of behavior that involves _____________.

C. maintaining consistency in their main views

5. In Milgram's obedience research, he conducted multiple variants on his baseline experiment. Which of the following changes tended to DECREASE obedience.

D. All of the above decreased obedience.

24. In the Milgram experiment, some personality characteristics correlated with obedience:

D. Authoritarianism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.

7. Brian is watching an exhilarating, scary movie on his cell phone while he rides the train. A young woman sits down in the seat next to him. How will the physiological arousal that Brian feels as a result of the movie affect his level of attraction to the woman sitting next to him? Choose the BEST answer.

D. Brian will find her MORE attractive than he would have if he were not physiologically aroused only if she is someone Brian would normally find attractive.

6. Henry is not comfortable getting close to others. He really wants to have close relationships, but he often avoid them because he is afraid that others won't love him enough and can't be trusted. Henry's attachment style would be described as _______.

D. Fearful

9. When it comes to attraction, physicality:

D. Is very important.

12. Normative social influence helps us:

D. Know what to do in social situations.

7. Lauren's neighbor, Bridget, is having a difficult time juggling her childcare responsibilities. According to Batson et al's (1983) research on personal distress and empathy, Lauren is LEAST likely to help Bridget if...

D. Lauren doesn't relate to Bridget's struggles, and Lauren is in a situation where she can easily avoid witnessing Bridget's obvious distress.

30. Two students grade one another's papers. If the professor disagrees, however, the students have no standing because they lack:

D. Legitimate power.

15. When it comes to gender differences in attraction:

D. Men prioritize the attractiveness of women more than women do men.

12. Beauty is:

D. Objectively measurable.

23. Arousal:

D. Polarizes liking.

31. A college professor has a long beard. They notice at the end of each term that more of their male students end the term with beards than began that way. This might be a demonstration of:

D. Referent power.

18. Because minorities have little or no power, when the majority conform to the minority:

D. They do so privately because they believe the minority is right.

28. A college professor wants to encourage civic engagement. Using reward power, they offer extra credit. Students are more likely to perform acts of civic engagement if:

D. They need the extra credit.

26. High levels of passionate love present at the beginning of a relationship are most likely to:

D. Wane over time.

16. When it comes to gender differences in attraction:

D. Women and men both equally prioritize social status.