Social Psych Final
You have just accused a friend of yours of being sexist because he said that most women don't know anything about cars. If your friend is like most people, then the next thing he is likely to say is along the lines of ____.
"but women are amazingly knowledgable at other things"
The so-called _____ is defined as a pattern of moral judgment that says specific sexual behaviors (especially premarital sex) are acceptable for men but immoral for women.
"double standard"
Social psychologists use the term ____ to describe the feeling of fear that people sometimes have that they will confirm a certain stereotype.
"stereotype threat"
Compared to people who are not physically attractive, people who are physically beautiful are assumed to be superior on many traits—including intelligence, sexual warmth, and popularity. This assumption is known as the ____.
"what is beautiful is good" effect
Suppose that you meet a friend of a friend named Roger who is strikingly attractive, well-groomed, and well-mannered. And suppose that you immediately assume that Roger "has it together." That is to say, he is smart, talented and successful, and he likely has a great social and romantic life as well. If so, you would be showing evidence of the ____.
"what is beautiful is good" effect
In one study, a team of researchers sought to determine how big an impact the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) had on the performance of a company, as reflected in company profits. They concluded that the answer was about ____.
14%
A research study concluded that high-performing executives added an average of ____ to the value of their company, as compared with average performers.
25 million
Research on salaries and racial discrimination in major league English football suggests that teams that engaged in racial discrimination had to pay ____ overall to attain the same win-loss record as achieved by a team with black players.
5% more
What two elements must individuals with an avoidant attachment balance?
A desire for security and desire for novelty (wrong)
Based on the textbook's definitions of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, which of the following statements is most accurate?
A stereotype can be positive or negative.
According to the text, when do anti-fat attitudes begin?
Anti-fat attitudes begin as early as preschool.
Suppose that Anya lives near Duane, and tends to run into him a lot. And suppose that she lives farther away from Leroy, and runs into him less often. Research suggests that ____.
Anya is more likely to become friends with Duane, AND more likely to become enemies with Duane.
Which of the following are most inconsistent, or most in disagreement, in terms of their explanations of sexual behaviors?
Evolutionary theory and social constructionist theories
Suppose that Anabelle and Roger are two lonely people. Anabelle seeks to stave off loneliness by forming "relationships" with her favorite celebrities (reading about their lives in Us magazine, watching updates about them on E! Entertainment, etc.), while Roger seeks to dissipate his loneliness by spending time with his dog Fluff (buying his dog presents, taking his dog for long walks, and talking to his dog each night about his day). What does research suggest about the effectiveness of these techniques?
Both Anabelle and Roger should have some success in staving off loneliness.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three characteristics typical of dangerous leaders, as listed in your text?
Dogmatism
Suppose that Emma and Bill have been dating one another for several months. According to evolutionary theory, and assuming that Emma and Bill are like most women and men, are they likely to be more concerned about sexual fidelity (i.e., whether their partner is cheating) or emotional fidelity (i.e., whether their partner is attached to someone else)?
Emma is likely to care more about Bill's emotional fidelity, but Bill is likely to care more about Emma's sexual fidelity.
Suppose that four students are working on a group project regarding the Cultural Revolution in China. Who is most likely to engage in social loafing?
Frank, who is certain that he will get an "A" in the class no matter how he performs on the group project
Suppose that Fred is a "morning person" and his brother Ned is an "evening person." Which of the following will probably be true regarding their tendencies to employ stereotypes?
Fred will tend to use more stereotypes late in the day.
Which of the following is the best example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?
Greg is a small person. His football coach assumes he is a weak player and ignores him. Consequently, Greg plays horribly.
Which of the following is least likely to be considered a stigma?
Having double-jointed knees
Ricardo is an accountant and his girlfriend April is a statistician. Suppose that April has had a number of sexual affairs during the course of their relationship, with women as well as men. Given the research on sexual jealousy, which of the following affairs—if he found out about it—would Ricardo be most upset about?
Her affair with John, a successful male accountant
According to the text, which of the following statements is most accurate regarding prejudice towards Arabs and Muslims living in the United States?
Highly visible forms of prejudice (e.g., vandalism, assault) are relatively rare; however, relatively less visible forms of prejudice (e.g., workplace discrimination) have increased since 9/11.
Petra finds out that her classmate, Julie, thinks that she is really cool. This makes Petra like Julie more than she did before. What does research suggest about this kind of "reciprocity of liking?"
It is widespread when it comes to acquaintanceships and friendships, but does not always hold true for romantic relationships.
Which of the following relationships has the highest "sunk costs"?
Kara and Adam, who have been together for years
How much work has social psychology done, as a discipline, in the areas of power and leadership?
Little work in either area
When it comes to judging whether or not someone is physically attractive, how much do people agree with one another?
Most people agree—especially when it comes to judging women.
Does social psychological research support the popular notion that "first you must love yourself, and only then you are ready to love someone else?" Why or why not?
Not really—although extreme self-love and extreme self-hate seem to negatively impact relationship outcomes, there are no major differences in relationship outcomes between those with high self-esteem and those with low self-esteem.
People are often suspicious that their partners are cheating on them. How often are these suspicions unfounded? That is, how common is it for people to be suspicious about their spouses cheating when in fact their spouses have in fact been faithful?
Not that common—about 10-15% of suspicions are unfounded.
How does self-esteem relate to longevity of relationships
People with high self-esteem tend to have relationships that last longer. (wrong)
Which of the following is NOT one of the usual advantages of working in a team (as opposed to working independently)?
People accomplish more.
According to research on online dating services, which profile will Sarah find most attractive?
Quentin, who is 5 feet 8 inches tall and makes $170,000
Given what your text says about the elements of belongingness, which element is a prostitute most lacking?
Regular social contact (wrong)
Suppose that Roger is married and that he and his wife have just had a child. Jose is also married, but has no children. Their friend William is recently divorced. If these men are representative of other men in their same situations, then ____.
Roger probably has the lowest testosterone levels
In the immediate aftermath of social rejection, people tend to respond in several predictable ways. Which of the following is NOT one of the typical (temporary) responses?
Showing a high degree of self-regulation
Suppose that Ina is a typical woman and Ted is a typical man. Based on the research discussed in the textbook, which of the following is most likely to be true?
Ted is more likely than Ina to say that he thinks about sex on a daily basis.
Suppose that you are on a date with a new person, and you are trying to get this person to be attracted to you. Which of the following actions should you avoid?
Tell your date that you are not sure if you like him or her yet.
The force that causes people to want to be together and form lasting relationships can best be described as ____.
attraction
____ is the tendency for shared or jointly owned resources to be squandered and not used in an optimal or advantageous fashion.
The commons dilemma
Das, Bushman, Bezemer, Kerkhof, and Vermeulen used what naturally occurring factor in their study of attitudes toward Arab integration in Dutch society?
The murder of Theo van Gogh in Amsterdam
Emile is very satisfied with his lover, Genevieve, and they have been together for many years. But he is constantly investigating other "alternatives" by going to singles bars and having his profile up on online dating sites. What would the investment model predict about the stability of this relationship?
The relationship may break up because of high availability of alternatives.
Research suggests that important processes allow American blacks to maintain high self-esteem relative to whites. Which of the following has NOT been shown to help American blacks maintain self-esteem?
The tendency to experience stereotype threat
Which of the following is NOT one of the symptoms of groupthink?
There is a weak, non-directive group leader.
Recall Muzafer Sherif's research with two groups of 11-year-old boys camping at Robber's Cave (the "Eagles" and the "Rattlers"). The groups were fiercely competitive for several weeks. What triggered a peaceful reconciliation? That is, how was their animosity finally brought to an end?
They were put in a situation where they needed to cooperate in order to achieve a superordinate goal.
Which of the following is the best definition of "discrimination"?
Unequal treatment of different people based on the groups or categories to which they belong
Which of the following BEST qualifies as an example of prejudice?
Vera believes that old people smell bad. When getting on the bus earlier this week, she therefore felt repulsed when she saw that the only available seat was next to an old person.
Which of the following is the most accurate summary of reinforcement theory?
We are more likely to engage in behaviors that have been rewarded in the past than in other behaviors.
Which of the following provides evidence of stereotype threat?
Women perform worse than men on math tests when they believe that the test produces gender bias, but they perform the same as men when they believe that the test produces no gender differences.
Can people satisfy the need to belong via membership in a group or organization (e.g., a club or sports team), even if they do not have friendships there?
Yes, some people may find these social connections satisfying even if they do not form close relationships.
Suppose that Chris and David are both happily married, but that Chris tends to look at other women—attractive single women who are potential alternative prospects—when he is out on the town at bars and clubs. Does this mean that Chris's marriage is less likely to last than David's?
Yes—research suggests that the more time people spend looking at alternative prospects, the more likely it is that their relationship is doomed.
Researchers Plant and Devine have identified two basic motives that people have for overcoming prejudice: internal and external. According to these researchers, the external motive is based on ____.
a belief that it is unwise to express socially undesirable viewpoints
Suppose that Iris and Warren have been dating for a few weeks, but that Iris has just announced that she no longer wants to see Warren. Assuming that Warren is upset by this news, he will probably feel best—post-rejection—if he spends a few minutes looking at a picture of ____.
a close family member
Researchers distinguish jealousy from envy on the basis that jealousy is ____, while envy is ____.
a fear of losing something that you have; a desire for something that you do not have
People's INITIAL emotional reaction to social rejection is usually ____.
a feeling of numbness, or "nothingness"
People who experience social rejection tend to eat more unhealthy foods—ice cream, cookies, and French fries—compared to those that don't. Research suggests that this is mainly because social rejection triggers ____.
a general breakdown in self-regulation
In the typical long-term, romantic relationship, a couple will experience passionate love for ____.
a year or so—two or three years at the most
Research on gender differences in sex drive has found that ____.
across virtually all measures, men have stronger sex drives than women
Binge eating is defined by ____.
alternating periods of uncontrolled eating and severe restraint
According to the textbook, the tendency for people to be attracted to others who are similar to them (rather than different from them) is probably ____.
an evolved preference—adaptive for humans and present in other animals as well
Research shows that, among men, high levels of testosterone are associated with risk-taking and competitiveness ____.
and are also associated with a disinclination to marry and care for children
Research has demonstrated that eyewitnesses are more accurate at identifying people of their own racial or ethnic group than they are at identifying people of other ethnic or racial groups. However, as discussed in the textbook, one exception to this pattern is when a member of the other group appears to be ____. In that case, he or she is well-remembered and well-recognized.
angry
The stereotype threat impairs performance because of ____.
anxiety
On Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, which of the lifelines tends to be most effective?
ask the audience
Diamond's research regarding the attachment drive and the sex drive indicates that ____.
attachment can promote sexual desire, and sexual intimacy can promote attachment
Jed is very interested in having a committed relationship with someone. Based on Diamond's research, this is probably motivated by the ____.
attachment drive
When men look at pictures of ____, they tend to want to take less money immediately rather than more money later. When men look at pictures of ____, they tend to want to take more money later rather than less money immediately.
attractive females; unattractive females or cars
Suppose that Walter is happily married to Sara. If he is like most happily married heterosexual men, then, when asked to rate the attractiveness of various other women, he is most likely to devalue (rate as less attractive than they really are) ____.
attractive single women who are his age.
A research study on the effects of power found that powerful bosses ____.
attributed accomplishments to the workers' motivation and efforts (wrong)
Compared to other people, people who are lonely tend to ____.
be less adept at figuring out others' emotional states
Recall the textbook's discussion of evolutionary theory with respect to male and female mating strategies. According to that discussion, men are more likely than women to ____.
be less choosy when looking for mates
Recall the textbook's discussion of evolutionary theory with respect to male and female mating strategies. According to that discussion, women are more likely than men to ____.
be selective when choosing mates
Which of the following is the most likely reason for why a child might be socially rejected by his or her peers?
because they are aggressive
June is a voluptuous woman who is a little on the plump side. She is going on a blind date next week, and wants to make sure the date perceives her as very attractive, particularly with respect to her body size. If she wants her date to rate her as the most attractive, June should make sure the date is ____.
before dinner, when her date is likely to be hungry
Research has suggested that being married is good for your health. But follow-up research indicates that ____ is what is most important.
being happily married
Failure to satisfy the need to belong is associated with ____.
both poor mental health and poor physical health.
According to the Money Matters feature in your text, women tend to rate men's attractiveness based on ____.
both waist-to-hip ratio and income, but income was more important
Lyndsay likes Matt a lot. Matt thinking Lindsay is okay, but does not like her as much as she likes him. What is Matt most likely feel with regard to Lyndsay after a while?
burdened
Based on early research by Norman Triplett with racing cyclists, we should expect that people who exercise for half an hour on rowing machines at a gym, among other people, would be more likely to ____ than people who exercise for half an hour on a rowing machine in the privacy of their home.
burn more calories
Samantha and her friend Felicity are extremely close, and treat one another like sisters. When Felicity was broke, for example, Samantha let her stay at her apartment for several months without charging rent. When Samantha was in the hospital for a knee surgery, Felicity brought her movies, food, and other gifts nearly every day. Social psychologists would say that Samantha and Felicity have a(n) _____ relationship.
communal
According to the text, modern societies have apparently thrived on ____ relationships, which seem to promote achievement, increase wealth, and ultimately drive societal progress.
communal (wrong)
In Muzafer Sherif's research with 11-year-old boys at a summer camp in Robber's Cave, it was found that ____ tended to increase prejudice, while ____ tended to reduce it.
competition; superordinate goals
During the second phase of the Robber's Cave experiment, the boys from the Eagles and the Rattlers had ____ contact with each other.
competitive
The authors of the text suggest that in general, people today might have more successful long-term relationships if they ____.
continually strove to be on their "best behavior" (e.g., dressing well, being polite)
Social psychologists have coined the term ____ to refer to the loss of self-awareness and of individual accountability in a group.
deindividuation
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding testosterone levels in men?
dip after twenties
In the ABCs of intergroup relationships, ____ can best be thought of as a behavior.
discrimination
Suppose that the CEO of a financial consulting company employs only tall people. Even though this CEO interviews equal numbers of short and tall applicants who are qualified to work at his company, he never hires any of the short ones. According to social psychologists, the CEO's behavior would be best described as an example of _____.
discrimination
On average, which of the following groups of men is likely to have the highest testosterone levels?
divorced men (now single)
Jayne has issues with her chemistry instructor. Whenever anyone questions the instructor, the instructor gets very nasty. She also does not care about student situations—one time a student was injured in a car accident on the way to the chemistry exam and, even though the student called as soon as possible, the instructor would not let her make up the test or be available outside of class time. The instructor display the characteristics of a dangerous leader, as listed in your text. Which of the following is NOT one these characteristics (but one that is possibly being displayed by the instructor)?
dogmatism
The highest rate of sexual activity occurs amongst people who live together without being married.
true
Research by Murray and Holmes suggests that people who ____ their partner's bad points and ____ their partner's good points have the happiest relationships.
downplay; emphasize
Tye frequently experiences social rejection by his peers. If he is like most people, on these occasions he is most likely to ____.
eat an exceptionally "junky" dinner
Social facilitation theory suggests that tasks like walking, brushing one's teeth, or counting will be ____ by the presence of others. It also suggests that tasks like solving a difficult math problem or crossword puzzle will be ____ by the presence of others.
enhanced; hindered
The tendency for the sex drive to be shaped and altered by social, cultural, and situational factors refers to ____.
erotic plasticity
Suppose that David has a lot of power at his job, and Michael doesn't. Research suggests that David is more likely to ____.
express positive emotions at work
If Alexis engages in a distress-maintaining style of attribution when explaining her husband Tim's behavior, then she will make ____ attributions for Tim's achievements and ____ attributions for Tim's failures.
external; internal
Most married couples are ____.
extremely similar in both demographic characteristics such as education level and traits such as intelligence
According to social exchange theory, men's sexuality is the supply and women's sexuality creates the demand.
false
According to the text's definition of a group, a dyad can never qualify as a group.
false
Cheryl and Mike keep careful track of who pays for what in their marriage to make sure everything is fair and equal. They have a communal relationship.
false
Groups tend to be especially ineffective when they use transactive memory.
false
Groupthink is the tendency for groups to generate more alternatives than individuals when brainstorming.
false
Hostile sexism is worse than benevolent sexism for women's cognitive performance.
false
In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, passion, intimacy, and commitment refer to three different types of love.
false
Jayne firmly believes that prejudice is wrong, and works hard to consciously overcome any stereotypes she feels might interfere with her judgments. Jayne has an External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice.
false
Men who have been primed to think about sex are more likely to wait for more money later than to settle for less money at the present.
false
Most economists were not surprised by the research finding that there is a phenomenon of altruistic punishment.
false
Research suggests that a small percentage of people (about 5-10%) are by nature loners—and indifferent to social contact.
false
Stereotypes are generally quite inaccurate.
false
The tendency to expect rejection from others and to be hypersensitive about the possibility of rejection is known as propinquity.
false
When a man in a committed relationship meets a desirable new woman, he will likely respond by increasing his commitment to his existing partner.
false
Social psychologists define the need to belong as the desire to ____.
form and maintain close, lasting relationships with other individuals
Most people do not seem to seek out endless numbers of friends; having _____ close friends seems to be enough.
four to six
Research on prejudice against lesbian and gay people has shown that, in general, ____.
gay men experience more prejudice than lesbian women
The term ____ refers to the tendency of group members to think alike.
groupthink
People who are high in self-monitoring differ from others in a number of ways. For example, they are more likely to ____.
have different sets of friends for different activities
Switching back and forth between heterosexual and homosexual forms of sexuality is apparently more common among women than it is among men. This is an example of the fact that women tend to ____ than men.
have greater erotic plasticity
Research suggests that, compared to married people, single people ____.
have sex more frequently
According to Daryl Bem's notion of "exotic becomes erotic," a young boy is MOST likely to grow up to become a gay adult if ____.
he is not at all interested in playing rough-and-tumble "boy" games as a child, and prefers to play with girls
Compared to men with ____, men with ____ tend to be kinder, gentler, and more affectionate in relationships.
high levels of testosterone; low levels of testosterone
A person with a fearful avoidant attachment is ____ on anxiety and ____ on avoidance.
high; high
Most research suggests that—compared to when several people think up ideas independently—when people work together and brainstorm as a group they tend to have ____ morale and to come up with ____ ideas total.
higher; fewer
Research on families indicates that the threat of expulsion often helps to ____.
hold the family together
Social psychological research suggests that, when a person goes out on a date, the best predictor of that person's enjoyment of the date is ____.
how physically attractive the date is
Research suggests that, in the business world, the most successful chief executive officers (CEOs) are those who are resolute in their opinions as well as those who are ____.
humble
Suppose that some people have just been randomly assigned to two different teams. Research suggests that these people would be likely to exhibit discriminatory behavior (favoring the ingroup, and disfavoring the outgroup) ____.
immediately, as soon as the groups had been defined
For most people, having a few close friends is ____ and having lots of casual friends is ____.
important; less important
Research on body shape and standards for beauty indicates that ____.
in general, the hourglass shape is seen as most attractive in both men and women
People who are passionately in love report that they feel as though they were high on drugs, and that they experience "tingling" sensations of excitement and euphoria when spending time with their partner. Research indicates that this is likely a result of ____.
increased levels of the neurotransmitter phenylethylamine (PEA)
Sternberg has concluded that the most common element of his "triangular" love theory across relationships is ____.
intimacy
Using Sternberg's triangular theory of love as a framework, companionate love might be best described as consisting of ____.
intimacy and commitment
As described in the textbook, Daryl Bem's notion of "exotic becomes erotic" ____.
is extremely controversial (Wrong)
Suppose that there are two winners for the Nobel Prize in Economics this year, and suppose that one of them is a professor at your university while the other is a professor somewhere else. Research suggests that you will tend to
judge the winner from your university more positively
Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to explanations that are used to justify why people in power deserve to be in power.
legitimizing myths
Research suggests that, compared to people who never get married, people who marry ____.
live longer
A person with a dismissing avoidant attachment has ____ anxiety and ____ avoidance.
low; high
Szymanski's (2000) research found that black players in the major leagues for English football were paid ____.
lower salaries than white players, regardless of ability
Apparently people sometimes like others based on nothing more than familiarity. This is called the ____.
matching hypothesis (Wrong) propiquinity effect?
Which of the following stereotypes about gender differences in sexuality appears, in a general sense, to be true?
men want sex more than women do
Research on clothing and attractiveness indicates that ____.
men who are dressed expensively are trying to display wealth and status
When a person is ostracized by a parent or spouse over a long period of time, it is ____.
more devastating than ostracization by strangers for a few minutes
In one ancient culture, an entire community could agree to give a person the silent treatment for 10 years based on a certain number of offensive or aggressive actions; no one would speak to or interact with that person. What modern-day term is based on this?
ostracism
Jennifer is a student at UCLA. When asked to describe the average UCLA student, she says it is almost impossible to do so because "there are so many different kinds of people at UCLA; the diversity is really amazing." By contrast, when asked to describe the average USC student, Jennifer says: "That's easy; they're all almost exactly the same." Social psychologists would say that Jennifer is displaying what is known as the ____.
outgroup homogeneity bias
People who belong to a different category from yourself are ____.
outgroup members
Research suggests that, when it comes to prejudice reduction, direct educational and attitude-change techniques are most effective at dealing with ____.
overt expressions of prejudice
The three ingredients identified in Sternberg's triangular theory of love have somewhat different time courses across the length of romantic relationships. ____ tends to develop first, and ____ tends to develop last.
passion; commitment
Social psychologists have identified several different types of love. So-called "romantic love" is referred to as ____.
passionate love
A successful long-term relationship typically depends on making a smooth transition from ____ to ____.
passionate love; companionate love
Which of the following statements best describes how prejudice and stereotypes affect their targets?
people dislike being stereotyped
When men and women are in a room together, men tend to look at ____, and women tend to look at ____.
physically attractive women; physically attractive women as well
The term "____" refers to a negative attitude or feeling toward an individual based solely on that individual's membership in a certain group.
prejudice
In recent formulations of attachment theory, the attachment style known as "anxious" or "anxious/ambivalent" has been renamed ____.
preoccupied
How does social rejection relate to eating patterns, if at all?
propinquity effect
The mere exposure effect is probably an important part of the ____.
propinquity effect
Rationalization of oppression is an explanation for prejudice that focuses on prejudice and stereotyping as tools to ____.
protect the political goals of the powerful group
The tendency to expect rejection from others and to be hypersensitive to rejection, is known as ____.
reject sensitivity
Research suggests that greater power makes people ____.
rely more on the automatic processing system
Alexis found out her dad had an affair. She is furious and thinks his behavior is completely unacceptable. Later, she learns that her mom had an affair as well. She does not condemn her mother nearly as harshly. Alexis has a(n) ____.
reverse double standard
The tendency to condemn men more than women for the same sexual behavior is called a(n) ____.
reverse double standard
Humans need to find uniqueness within the context of their group memberships. What structural elements of groups help humans do this?
roles
The so-called "investment model" is a model that seeks to explain why people stay with their long-term relationship partners. This model identifies three key factors, namely ____.
satisfaction, alternatives, and investments
Based on the social psychological research on sexual jealousy, it is safe to assume that, when asked whether they would be more upset if (A) their partner slept with someone else versus (B) their partner began falling in love with someone else, most women would say ____, and most men would ____.
say b; say a
Christian constantly complains about immigrants and blames them for problems he encounters at work, for personal financial problems, and even for personal romantic problems. As he sees it, virtually everything is "their fault." Not surprisingly, and in part as a result of this pattern of blaming, Christian also holds a rather negative view of immigrant groups. Which of the following best captures Christian's pattern of behavior?
scapegoat theory
In a well-known study using archival data, researchers Hovland and Sears found that—in the southern U.S., between 1882 and 1930—there was a statistically significant correlation between the market price of cotton and the frequency of interracial lynching incidents. This study has typically been interpreted as supporting ____.
scapegoat theory
Regarding oneself as a reasonably good person "as is" is known as ____.
self-acceptance
Kari is in a research group with the chair of the department. The team members are all good friends, and the department chair is well-liked and popular. Kari thinks that the research design the chair proposes is unethical, but decides she had best not say anything about it because she doesn't want to rock the boat. Kari is engaged in ____.
self-censorship
When people try to hide, or control, their implicit prejudices, it takes a toll on their ability to ____ when it comes to other tasks.
self-regulate
Dr. Gregory is liked, respected, and approved of by her colleagues. That is, she has gained her colleagues' ____.
social acceptance
Tom's new girlfriend has a habit of biting her nails. This did not bother Tom when he first met her, but it is beginning to annoy him more and more with each passing day. This is an example of the ____.
social allergy effect
Which of the following is based on the view that sex is a resource that women have and men want?
social exchange theory
People tend to reduce effort when working in a group as opposed to when working alone. This phenomenon is known as ____.
social loafing
The human mind seems naturally inclined to ____.
sort objects into groups
The sting of unrequited love may lead rejected people to ____, or harass, their rejecters.
stalk
If something is said to be "salient," then it ____.
stands out and is noticeable or memorable
Randi believes that, compared to white people, Asian people are spiritual. Randi's belief is best characterized as an example of ____.
stereotyping
Men tend to be rated less positively when they are seated next to an obese woman than when they are seated next to an average-weight woman. This tendency is known as ____.
stigma by association
____ refer to characteristics of people that are considered socially unacceptable—for example, mental illnesses, disabilities, or scars.
stigmas
Suppose that Paul is gay, but he does not fit your stereotype of gay people: He wears baggy jeans, constantly swears, has sloppy table manners, and enjoys sports. Instead of changing the way you think about gay people as a group, however, you just decide that Paul belongs to a special class of gay people ("gay jocks"). This would be an example of ____.
sub-typing
Research on physical attractiveness indicates that people with ____ faces tend to be perceived as more attractive than others.
symmetric and typical-looking
Researchers Darley and Gross (1983) showed different groups of people identical videotape footage of "Hannah," a girl who was said to come either from an impoverished background or from a wealthy background. They found that people stereotyped the girl as intellectually inferior when they were led to believe that she came from an impoverished background. However, this stereotype emerged only when participants saw footage of Hannah ____.
taking an oral exam at school
White people who are prejudiced against blacks, but externally motivated to respond without prejudice, tend to behave in unprejudiced ways when trying to look good or say the right thing in the presence of others. Right after being released from such pressure, they ____.
tend to behave in their (default) prejudiced way (Wrong)
The tendency for a new sexual partner to be arousing (more arousing than a familiar sexual partner) is known as ____.
the Coolidge effect
The risky shift refers to ____.
the tendency for groups to take greater risks than the same individuals on average would have taken individually
People are more likely to engage in the commons dilemma when ____.
they do not communicate with others
In attraction research, the propinquity effect refers to the tendency for people to be relatively attracted to others who ____.
they encounter on a regular basis
When people are in a group situation in which they feel deindividuated, they are most likely to behave badly when ____.
they feel anonymous to outsiders who may be watching them
Some research has suggested that women eat less than usual when they are in the presence of an attractive male. They seem to do this because ____.
they want to make a good impression—in particular, to seem feminine
You have been set up on a blind date, and you find out that the date is with an investment banker. Suppose that you hold the stereotype that investment bankers are aggressive, rude, self-serving, and chauvinistic. If you are like most people, you will spend the evening
thinking about how much you detest people who are aggressive, rude, self-serving, and chauvinistic
Sherif's Robber's Cave Study was conducted in ____ phases.
three
Sternberg's triangular theory of love is a theory about ____.
three different ingredients, or factors, that are present in varying degrees in different love relationships
Which of the following does NOT qualify as a group, according to the definition given in the text?
three people who have never met before who have nothing in common
In John Bowlby's original formulation of attachment theory, applied to infants, there were ____ different attachment styles. In more recent formulations of attachment theory, applied to adults, there are ____ different attachment styles.
three; four
The term "social allergy effect" refers to the tendency ____.
to become increasingly irritated by a partners' habits over time
Suppose that Office Building X makes use of an open floor plan with many shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices). This kind of floor plan is likely to increase productivity among some employees but decrease productivity among others. Of the people below, who is likely to benefit most?
tom, a copy machine operator
Suppose that you and your family are moving to a new apartment. Because your little brother has an excellent memory for things in general, he is put in charge of remembering what is packed with what. Because your mother usually takes care of bill payment, she is put in charge of remembering with what companies your family needs to file a change-of-address form. And because you have been the one handling most of the logistics of the move (hiring a company to inspect the new apartment for termites, making sure that you received your deposit back on your old apartment, etc.), you are put in charge of keeping track of these things. This is an example of ____.
transactive memory
According to the textbook, the so-called "double standard" for women versus men—with respect to sexual behavior—is supported more by women than it is by men.
true
According to the textbook, the tendency for people to be attracted to others who are similar to them (rather than different from them) is probably an evolved preference—adaptive for humans and present in other animals as well.
true
As discussed in the text, it is quite possible that the deeply rooted human impulse to form social groups was partly stimulated by competition among different groups.
true
Attractive children are more popular among other children than their less attractive peers.
true
In a culture, roles exist independently of individuals.
true
Merely categorizing people into arbitrary groups like "red team" or "blue team" is sufficient to produce ingroup favoritism.
true
People tend to engage in more stereotyping when they are under stress than when they aren't.
true
Research has suggested that a secure attachment style—as defined by attachment theory—is correlated with a variety of positive outcomes.
true
Research on gender differences in sex drive has found that, across virtually all measures, men have stronger sex drives than women.
true
Research suggests that, in the business world, being humble or modest is a trait that is found among the MOST successful chief executive officers (CEOs).
true
Testosterone levels in men peak around the age of 20 and thereafter decline.
true
Greg is in love with Bill, but Bill is not in love with Greg. Clearly, then, this is a case of ____.
unrequited love
Suppose that Tundi is a middle-aged businessperson living in Ohio. Research suggests that Tundi would be MOST likely to experience social rejection by his peers if he was ____.
very different from others—physically deformed, a fervent believer in an unusual religion, and a bizarre dresser
Gunther is surrounded by attractive, available women at work. Because of this, Gunther is likely to ____.
want money more than if the women were unattractive
As described in the text, college students sometimes stereotype female professors as less competent than male professors. However, this stereotype only seems to surface ____.
when students are evaluated negatively by a female professor
According to the text, a man who likes oral sex will probably enjoy it ____.
whenever and wherever the opportunity arises (and with whomever)
If Arnold and Alice are dating, and Arnold forgets Alice's birthday, her feelings are likely to be hurt, regardless of ____.
whether Arnold forgets her birthday on purpose
As defined in social psychology, loneliness has to do with ____.
whether or not one craves more contact or connection than one has
Which of the following is NOT typically a trait found among successful leaders?
willingness to cut corners to get ahead
Compared to human groups, the social groups formed by animals are much less tolerant of ____.
within-group diversity
Research has shown that benevolent sexism is ____ for women's cognitive performance than hostile sexism.
worse
Suppose that you are competing in the Olympic games on the U.S. gymnastics team, and you find out that one of the U.S. gymnasts (Betty) and one of the French gymnasts (Beatrice) recently failed a drug test. Research suggests that you will tend to socially reject both of them. However, ____.
you will probably judge Betty more harshly than you will judge Beatrice