SOCIAL PSYCH MIDTERM- ALL PAST QUIZ QUESTIONS

Which of the following correlation coefficients reflects the strongest meaningful relationship?

-0.81

Which of the following psychological processes best explains why it is that people sometimes react to news of a natural disaster or violent crime with something less than full sympathy on behalf of the victims?

Belief in a just world

Research examining the role of culture in the attribution process has found that

adults in Western cultures are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those in Eastern cultures.

You are asked what percentage of psychology majors at your school are female. If you answer this question by thinking of how many female psychology majors come to mind quickly, you are relying on the

availability heuristic

Gloria has a negative attitude toward smoking, but she continues to smoke two packs of cigarettes a day. According to the theory of planned behavior, one reason that her attitude and behavior are inconsistent could be that

she doesn't believe that she can control her smoking behavior.

Mary is participating in a study on social contacts and subjective well-being. At random times during the day, she receives a text message to which she responds with information about who she was with and how happy she is feeling. The researcher is using _______ self-report in this study.

signal-contingent

Bridgette thinks short people are lazy, and Jane refuses to let short people join her book club. Bridgette is exhibiting _____, whereas Jane is exhibiting _____.

stereotyping; discrimination

Research concerning the base-rate fallacy shows that, when asked to make predictions about the future actions of others, people tend to rely on

graphic, dramatic events

Sociologists tend to study behavior at the _____ level, whereas social psychologists study behavior at the _____ level.

group; individual

While talking to a friend at a noisy party, Julianna stops in the middle of a sentence and turns her head. According to the cocktail party effect, what did she probably hear?

her name

Everyone you know seems to hate the reality TV show Big Brother. But every time your friend Peter watches it, he has the same reaction: he loves it! In general, he's a huge fan of reality TV and he loves all of them. According to covariation theory of attribution, his like of this show would be

high in consistency, low in distinctiveness, and low in consensus.

An explicit, testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur is a(n)

hypothesis

Racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally is called

implicit

Research on the impact of ideological motives on attribution indicates that a conservative is most likely to explain poverty as due to

laziness

Carol is asked to rate her husband in terms of how helpful he is with the household chores. Because she cannot think of a single instance of helpful behavior, she gives him a very low rating. Carol relied on _____ to make her judgment.

the availability heuristic

An organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomena is called a

theory

Jane is from race X, and Pete is from race Y. Which scenario best demonstrates modern racism?

Jane and Pete work together. Jane gives Pete a more negative evaluation than is deserved when she thinks nobody will find out that it is not fair.

Josephine bought her six-year-old nephew, Joseph, a new set of paints for his birthday. Hoping to encourage the little artist, Josephine promised Joseph one dollar for every painting. Joseph thinks that is quite a lot of money. According to research on overjustification effects, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Joseph will come to see painting pictures as a way to make money, not as something enjoyable in itself

Which olympic medalists are happier?

Silver medalists are less happy with their standing than bronze medalists, because silver medalists think about how they could have done better and won the gold.

According to correspondent inference theory, in which of the following situations would a personal attribution be most appropriate?

Steve, a world renowned playboy, joins a monastery and takes a vow of celibacy.

Vera thinks that having pets increases psychological functioning and well-being. To test this, individuals in one group of randomly selected nursing home residents are each given a pet while participants in a second group are not given pets. Over two months, the overall level of psychological functioning is evaluated on a daily basis. What is the dependent variable in this study?

The level of psychological functioning demonstrated by the residents

Which of the following is an example of a negative correlation

The more alcohol you consume, the lower your GPA tends to be.

Which statement about commonsense explanations and social psychology is the most accurate

The scientific approach of social psychology does not always yield results that support commonsense explanations.

Tristan had to choose between two potential mates, Charlie and Ryan. In the end, she chose Ryan. Several weeks later, a reporter interviewed Tristan about her feelings toward the two men. How will she mostly likely express her feelings at the time of the interview if she is trying to avoid post-decision dissonance?

Tristan has come to realize that Charlie's workaholism would have been an obstacle to a successful relationship.

Shawna wants to join a sorority. This sorority has recently decided to put incoming members through various forms of initiation. Which type of initiations is most likely to lead Shawna to identify strongly with the sorority and to value her membership in the group in the effort to avoid cognitive dissonance?

a severely unpleasant initiation

All of the following are goals of basic research except

a. building a foundation of knowledge for the field b. solving practical or real-world problems c. testing psychological theories d. discovering general principles of behavior

Social psychology is all of the following except

a. the study of how people think, feel, and behave b. a science addressing a diverse set of topics c. a compilation of anecdotal observations and case studies d. an approach applying the scientific method

Britney wonders if she would have been happier had she married Justin instead of Kevin. This illustrates

counterfactual thinking

Jane examines the impact that sitting in front of a mirror has on the academic performance of female adolescents. In her study, the number of math questions answered correctly appears to be the ______ variable.

dependent

In experimental research, one variable is measured by experimenter. This is known as the

dependent variable

The primary goal of using correlational research is to

determine the nature and strength of the association between two measured variables

The extent to which experimental results can be generalized to real-life situations is a question of an experiment's ________.

external validity

Mary is a member of a church youth group. Her senior year, she and her boyfriend begin having sex, and Mary becomes pregnant. Mary doesn't really regret having sex, but she is embarrassed that her friends will see her as a hypocrite. Mary's experience fits best with which theory?

impression management theory

Jomei feels that he cannot be happy if his family is not happy. Jomei has an ________ view of self.

interdependent

Everyone you know seems to hate the reality TV show Big Brother. But every time your friend Peter watches it, he has the same reaction: he loves it! In general, he's a huge fan of reality TV and he loves all of them. What kind of attribution we should make?

internal (personal)

The process of reflecting on your own inner thoughts and feelings in order to gain self-knowledge is called

introspection

Everyone seems to love the scary movie Shaun of the Dead. Peter is a huge fan of scary movies and he loves The Ring, Saw or The Blair Witch Project. But whenever he watches Shaun of the Dead on TV or in a movie theater he hates it. According to Kelley's (1967) covariation theory of attribution, his dislike of this show would be

low in consensus, high in distinctiveness, and high in consistency

A form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize is called

modern racism

D'Brickashaw is the only man and the only Englishman enrolled in a women's studies seminar in USA. McGuire's work on spontaneous self-descriptions suggests that compared to other contexts, in this specific situation, D'Brickashaw will be more likely to mention his ____ in his self-description.

nationality as well as gender

In terms of autobiographical memory, to what does the phrase "reminiscence bump" refer?

older adults tend to receive a larger number of memories from adolescence and early adulthood than other periods of life

Marion is a sprinter on her high school track team. According to social comparison theory, Marion is most likely to look to which of the following groups to assess how fast a sprinter she is?

other female high school track athletes

Charice's boyfriend is late for their date. Charice believes this is because he is thoughtless and self-centered. Charice is making a(n)

personal attribution

Marla knows that eating donuts is bad for her, and yet very morning on her way to work she stops at the local donut store and gets three donuts with a cup of coffee. She tells herself, "I HAVE to get donuts or else I'm going to look like a weirdo for only getting coffee at donut store." Which technique is she using to reduce ler own cognitive dissonance?

reduce perceived choice

Lena is very intelligent and values academic achievement highly. She tends to evaluate herself based on her intellectual capacity or potential, and may view intelligence as a defining characteristic of herself and others. Lena is probably ______ with respect to intelligence.

schematic

Beliefs about the self that guide the processing of self-relevant information are called

self-schemas

When we test a hypothesis and our prediction is confirmed it is correct to say that the hypothesis was

supported

Paul, the editor of a popular sports magazine, would like to know more about the demographics of the magazine's readers. He designs a questionnaire to assess this information and sends it to a random sample of the magazine's readers. Paul is conducting a(n)

survey

During a discussion with some friends just prior to a school election, Sandra states that she is certain she will be devastated for months if she isn't elected class president. This is an example of

the impact bias

Eric does not really know how to answer the essay question on his social psychology exam. He decides to write as many facts as he knows about another topic, hoping that the professor will not read the exams too closely and will be impressed enough by the length of his essay. Eric is hoping to take advantage of

the peripheral route to persuasion

The term self-concept refers to

the sum total of a person's beliefs concerning his or her own personal characteristics.

People from collectivist cultures are more likely than those from individualist cultures to

underestimate their contributions to a team effort

Social psychologists typically:

use the scientific method in their research

According to Festinger, social comparison is less likely to occur

when objective criteria are available