Social Psychology 12e- Myers/Twenge Chapter 10

arousal

A given state of bodily arousal feeds one emotion or another, depending on how the person interprets and labels the arousal

neural influences of aggression

Abnormal brains can contribute to abnormally aggressive behavior. prefrontal cortex is 14% less active than normal in murderers.

instrumental aggression

Aggression that aims to injure, but only as a means to some other end.

hostile aggression

Aggression that springs from anger; its goal is to injure.

Elements of Hostile Aggression

An aversive situation can trigger aggression by provoking hostile cognitions, hostile feelings, and arousal. These reactions make us more likely to perceive harmful intent and to react aggressively.

instinctive

An innate, unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all members of a species.

increased aggression is predicted by:

Being male Aggressive or anger-prone personalities Alcohol use Violence viewing Anonymity Provocation The presence of weapons Group interaction

social scripts

Culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations.

catharsis

Emotional release. The catharsis view of aggression is that the aggressive drive is reduced when one "releases" aggressive energy, either by acting aggressively or by fantasizing aggression.

Temperaments

How intense and reactive we are

physical aggression

Hurting someone else's body.

social aggression

Hurting someone else's feelings or threatening their relationships. Sometimes called relational aggression, it includes cyberbullying and some forms of in-person bullying.

Which of the following has been found to be an effect of sexual violence in movies and television?

Men have become more accepting of violence against women.

aggression

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.

prosocial behavior

Positive, constructive, helpful social behavior; the opposite of antisocial behavior

Rape myth

Some women would welcome sexual assault and that "no doesn't really mean no"

frustration

The blocking of goal-directed behavior.

The Social Learning View of Aggression

The emotional arousal stemming from an aversive experience motivates aggression. Whether aggression or some other response actually occurs depends on what consequences we have learned to expect.

relative deprivation

The perception that one is less well off than others with whom one compares oneself.

frustration aggression theory

The theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress.

social learning theory

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished.

rewards of aggression

Through experience and by observing others, we learn that aggression often pays

warrior gene (MAOA)

Violence gene

aggression cues

Violence is more likely when aggressive cues release pent-up anger

moral imperatives

a collective mentality (including images, rhetoric, and ideology) that mobilizes a group or a culture for extraordinary actions

Jason instigates more and more fights with younger children on the school playground because it gains him the attention and respect of his friends. This most clearly suggests that his aggression is

a learned response

The correlation between parental (father) absence and violence holds

across race, status, and education.

repeated violent video game playing increases

aggressive beliefs and attitudes aggressive perceptions aggressive expectations aggressive behavior scripts aggressive desensitization greater likelihood to carry a weapon decreases in self-control increases in anti-social behavior decrease helping behavior decrease empathy for others All of which increase aggressive personality

biochemical influences of aggression

alcohol, testosterone, biology and behavior interact

Which of the following has NOT been linked with aggressive behavior according to your text?

an unexpected request

Group influences on aggression

can amplify aggressive reactions partly by diffusing responsibility.

"Watching violence on television gives people a harmless opportunity to vent their aggression." This statement is most clearly consistent with the _______ hypothesis.

catharsis

The _______ view of aggression is that aggressive drive is reduced when one "releases" aggressive energy.

cathartic

Groups can amplify aggressive reactions partly by

diffusing responsibility.

Repeated exposure to fictional scenes of a man overpowering and arousing a woman

distorted people's perceptions of how women actually respond to sexual coercion.

genetic influences

hereditary influences the neural systems sensitivity to aggressive cues.

Absolute deprivation

lacking what others have

examples of aversive incidents

pain heat attacks frustration insults overcrowding

displacement

re-directing unacceptable feelings such as anger toward a less threatening person or object.

Bradshaw's books on "reclaiming your inner child" suggest techniques that are consistent with what social psychologists call

the cathartic effect.

Cyberbullying

the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature.

The near consensus among social psychologists is that

viewing or participating in violence fails to produce catharsis.