Social Psychology Chapter 10
Justin believes that a good behavior is usually rewarded and bad behavior is generally punished. He also believes that helping others is the right thing to do. Justin displays ______.
A belief in a just world.
Definition of prosocial behavior
A helpful action that benefits other people without necessarily providing any direct benefits to the person performing the act, and that may even involve a risk for the person who helps.
Ron and Elaine are walking down the street when they see someone helping an old man across the road. On the next block, they see a women having difficulty in trying to get across the street. Elaine says, "WE'd better give her a hand". The women who initially helped the old man______.
Acted as a role model
Joyce believes that she can choose to act in ways that maximize positive outcomes and minimize negative ones. Penny believes that her behaviors do not usually influence the outcomes of various situations to any great extent, but that most things are determined by luck or things that are beyond her control. Joyce has ______ and Penny has ______.
An internal locus of control; an external locus of control.
A common factor that increases the likelihood of helping behavior irrespective of the bystander's emotional state is ______.
An unambiguous need for help.
Jeremy tends to look for the potential benefit and harm to himself in almost every situation. He prefers to take those actions that provide a direct benefit to himself, without considering the impact his behaviors may have on others, and he enjoys competing with others. Jeremy could be described as______.`
Egocentric
Two reasons why people help
Egoistic motivation and alturistic
Ruth volunteers at a homeless shelter two days a month. She finds that she looks forward to her volunteer days because she feels good when helping others. her mood is elevated before she reaches the shelter and for a few days afterwards. This situation best represents the ______.
Empathic joy hypothesis
Steven sees an emergency and then his empathy is aroused; he then provides help simply because the victim needed help and it felt good to provide help. This example illustrates the ______.
Empathy-altruism hypthoesis
Definition of egotistic motivation
Help people to feel good about ourselves
Definition of altruistic
Helping for the sake of helping
The consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol ______ the probability that people will try to help in an emergency because ______.
Increases; alcohol reduces anxiety about the reactions of others
Definition of pluralistic ignorance
Looking at others to see if they are going to help
6 steps to the Latane and Darley's Model of Emergency Intervention
Notice the emergency Define the emergency Take responsibility Decide on a way to help Implement a chosen way to help Help
6 Factors influencing helping
Social norms Modeling Blaming the victim Good mood Guilt Individual differences
Definition of mimicry
The automatic, unconscious tendency to imitate those with whom we interact
Definition of negative state relief model
The idea that prosocial behavior is motivated by the bystander's desire to reduce his or her own uncomfortable negative emotions
Bystander effect
The likelihood of a prosocial response to an emergency is affected by the number of bystanders who are present.
Sam's younger brother just gave him 400 dollars to pay for repairs to his car. Sam is very unhappy about accepting the money from his brother and intends to repay the money with interest over the next few months. Sam is now also planning to switch to a higher-paying job, even if it means working somewhere that he doesn't like as well as his current job, because he is determined to never be in a position to have to accept help from his brother again. This situation represents______.
The motivating aspect of receiving help from someone who is similar to us
Volunteers who continue their volunteer work for more than two years tend to be motivated by ______.
The need to gain understanding and enhance their own self esteem
Definition of empathic joy hypothesis
The proposal that prosocial behavior is motivated by the positive emotion a helper anticipates experiencing as the result of having a beneficial impact on the life of someone in need.
Definition of Empathy-altruism hypothesis
The proposal that prosocial behavior is motivated solely by the desire to help someone in need and by the fact that it feels good to help.
Colleen works for a social services agency as a volunteer services coordinator. In this capacity, she is attempting to recruit new volunteers. She is searching particularly for volunteers who are motivated to enhance their self esteem and to take part in their own personal development. This is because ______.
These volunteers are known to serve as volunteers for longer periods of time
Definition of selective altruism
When a large group of individuals is in need, and only one individual is helped.
Diffusion of Responsibility
When in a big group, not helping because you believe someone else will.
Personality dispositions are ______.
relatively stable characteristic behavioral tendencies