social psychology chapter 6 Quiz

Conditioned response

a learned response to conditioned stimulus that was previously a neutral stimulus.

unconditioned response

a response that occurs automatically in reaction to some stimulus, without learning taking place.

unconditioned stimulus

a stimulus that elicits a response automatically, without learning taking place.,

Conditioned stimulus

a stimulus that, only by repeated association with a particular unconditioned stimulus, comes to evoke the response associated with the unconditioned stimulus.

classical conditioning

a type of learning by which a neutral stimulus gets paired with a stimulus that elicits a response. through repeated pairing, the neutral stimulus by itself elicits the response of the second stimulus.

operant conditioning

a type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior is determined by reinforcement and punishment

Chronic accessibility

accessibility arising from frequent and recent exposure to a construct that has permanence- that is accessible all of the time.

observational learning

acquiring an attitude or behavior due to the observation of others exhibiting that attitude or behavior.

explicit attitudes

attitudes of which one is aware, and that one can control.

implicit attitudes

attitudes that are automatically formed and activated without or being aware of it.

post-decision dissonance

connotative dissonance that results from having to reject one appealing choice in favor of another.

attitudes

having an evaluative component toward, a stimulus that is made up of affective, behavioral, and cognitive information.

ambivalence

simultaneously experiencing strong contradictory emotions or motivations

implicit association test

test that measures how easily we associate categories with positives or negative attitudes, including measures in categories ranging from racial and religious attitudes to attitudes about presidents.

Cognitive dissonance

the anxiety that arises from acting in a way discordant with your attitudes. This anxiety is resolved by adjusting ones attitudes to be in line with the behavior.

Accessibility

the degree to which a concept is active in or consciousness.

mere exposure effect

the phenomenon whereby objects become better-liked with exposure- we like things more with which we are familiar.

impression management

the process by which people either consciously or unconsciously attempt to monitor how they appear to others by regulating the information conveyed about themselves in a social interaction, and thus attitude change is more likely when counter-attitudinal behaviors occurs in public.

name-letter effect

the tendency to show a preference for letters in our own names and prefer stimuli that contain those letters,

theory of planned behavior

the theory that attitudes, social norms, and the perceived control of the individual lead to behavior.

self-affirmation theory

the theory that we are more open to attitude change when we have recently been given an opportunity to affirm our core values and identity.