Social Studies Lesson 45 The Roots of Islam

mosque

A building for Muslim prayer. *According to Islamic beliefs, the first mosque in the world was the Kaaba, which was built by Abraham upon an order from God. The oldest Islamic-built mosque is the Quba Mosque in Medina.

caravan

A group of traders that travel together. *The caravan was often a target of roving bands of desert raiders.

pilgrimage

A journey to a sacred place. *The great Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca (now is Saudi Arabia), is obligatory for every Muslim.

oasis

A place in desert areas where a spring bubbles to the surface and where water and vegetation are found. *People who lived the sedentary life along the Arabian Peninsula usually settled along trade routes or around an oasis.

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of Muhammad as recorded in the Qur'an. It is the second-largest religion in the world. Followers of Islam are known as Muslims. *Islam began around 570, when a messenger was sent to Muhammad during his search for truth and understanding.

Qur'an

The holy book of Islam. *Muslims believe the Qur'an to be the book of divine guidance and direction for mankind.

A wet fertile piece of land in the desert is called a mirage. True or False

False

Arabia lies in a cool, wet region of the world. True or False

False

Desert dwellers in the middle east and north Africa often did not have a permanent place to live, moved often from place to place, lived in tents, and were herders. This way of life is called sedentary. True or False

False

Muhammad

Founder of Islam, he spread Islam's teachings to the people of Arabia. His teachings make up the Qur'an. *Muslims believe that Muhammad was not the center of a new religion, but the restorer of the original, uncorrupted monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham and others.

online content Describe that action of Muhammad and his followers during the first Jihad. (site 1)

In March 624 AD, he had great success and his followers killed merchants who had been accompanying a caravan. he thanked his success to God. At the end he gained so much power.

Who was Muhammad?

Muhammad was a ruler of the place called Islam and he changed many peoples lives. He talked to God about how to make his country a better place. he made a religion and he conquered many places. One place, Arabia, didn't like him at all. They hated Muhammad's teaching and decided that they were going to murder him. Somehow his followers heard about this and offered him a place where he could be safein Medina and he took it. After he died his religion stayed there and grew stronger every day and continued to grow throughout Asia and Europe.

online content Who was the first to discover Islam? Where did he proclaim that Islam fell in order with the other major religions? (site 1)

Muhammad was the first to discover Islam. The Jews and Christians and Islam all share one God. He felt that his duty was to convert the "submission to the will of God" and to warn people of God's final judgement.

online content What was spiritual life like for the people of Arabia before the rise of Islam? (site 1)

The believed in so many things before the rise of Islam. They believed in many gods, they say spirits in the moon and stars, in the rocks, which marked the way through the desert. They considered many places as holy.

Although individuals did not own land, tribes could and one would have to join a tribe to be able to use the land. True or False

True

Arabia lies on a peninsula, which means that it is surrounded by water on three sides. True or False

True

Muslims believed that God spoke to Muhammad through an angel. True or False

True

The Kaaba is Islam's most sacred place. True or False

True

Muslim

a follower of the religion of Islam. *Muslim houses of worship are more than just houses of prayer, but centers fro a whole range of fellowship and community programs for Muslims.

Before they heard Muhammad's teachings, many Arabs visited the Kaaba in Mecca each year to a. worship their gods b. give money to the poor of Mecca. c. trade at its large marketplace d. show their devotion to Islam

a. worship their gods

What was the most important difference between Muhammad's teachings and the beliefs or other Arabs? a. Muhammad taught that people should be kind to the poor. b. Muhammad taught that there was only one God. c. Muhammad taught that there were many gods. d. Muhammad taught that people should make pilgrimages to Kaaba.

b. Muhammad taught that there was only one God.

Which of the following best summarizes how Muhammad's teachings affected the people of Arabia? a. The teachings made people want to be merchants. b. The teachings had very little effect on the people. c. The teachings made people turn to Christianity. d. The teachings challenged and upset many people.

d. The teachings challenged and upset many people.

OR 1 Discuss how the two ways of life, nomadic and sedentary, in the Arabian desert developed

nomads- moved around sedentary- stayed

A New Religion Muhammad's teachings

•Allah ["God"] -means "God" in Arabic -Say Allah is the ONLY God *this starts the first argument between the Arabs, the followers of Muhammad and , muhammad. -teaches people that they're just as important as the rulers. •Arabs practiced polytheism -Don't like Muhammad or his teachings -shrines *Kaaba *pilgrimage

A New Religion Islam spreads in Arabia

•Arabs don't like that Islam is spreading and considers killing Muhammad. -Muhammad found out the Arabs wanted to kill him. -Muhammad's followers welcomed him in the city of Medina, where he would be safe and his religion could thrive. •Medina -Muhammad becomes the spiritual and political leader of Medina. His house is called the first mosque. -made their religion Islam •hegira -Muhammad's journey is called hegira. •mosque •When Muhammad dies in 632 AD the religion just continues to grow through the Arabian territory. Grows throughout Asia and Europe.

The Roots of Muslim Objectives

•Discuss how the two ways of life, nomadic and sedentary, in the Arabian desert developed •Describe how the new religion called Islam, founded by the prophet Muhammad, spread throughout Arabia in the 600's

A New Religion Muhammad becomes prophet

•born in Mecca around 570 -traveled with his uncle *when he was old enough he traveled on his own -noticed the rich and rulers were becoming more selfish and protective of their money and power which concerned him. -he went to the hills and prays *sees an angel and God told him through the angel what He would like him to do, so he came back and told everyone what God told him and the teachings he now has. -he continued to go to God and get new things to tell the people •Islam -Muslim -Qur'an

Life in a Desert Land Physical features and climates

•hot, dry air -the temperatures can reach over 100° everyday •desert -sand dunes •limited water oasis

Life in a Desert Land Two ways of life

•nomads -tents *never stayed in one place or area -herds *sheep *camels •sedentary life -later some people settled in one place and began trade with merchants and craftsmen •caravans -people that move town to town and trade whatever they find or have