Social Work 315: Chapter 5

Identify/explain ten guidelines/principles that characterize "ideal" standards of cultural competence in social work (i.e. steps/strategies which social workers should do to be culturally competent).

1. Be aware of culture and its pervasive influence. 2. Learn about their own culture. 3. Learn about other cultures. 4. Adapt social work skills and intervention approaches to best serve clients of diverse groups 5. Function in accordance with the ethics, values, and standards of the the profession 6. Be knowledgeable about community resources and services, and make appropriate referrals for their diverse clients. 7. Be aware of the impacts of social policies and programs on diverse client programs 8. Advocate for personnel practices in social work agencies and educational programs 9. Participate in training and educational programs that advance cultural competence 10. Provide or advocate for the conveying of information and services

BONUS: What are the 6 areas of Ethical Standards?

1. Social workers' primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems. 2. Social workers challenge social injustice. 3. Social workers respect the inherent inherent dignity and worth of a person. 4. Social workers recognize the centered importance of human relationships. 5. Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner. 6. Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise.

BONUS: What does ASBSWE stand for?

Alabama State Board of Social Work Examiners

Explain: "Although a racial group is often also an ethnic group, the two groups are not necessarily the same."

An ethnic group can include aspects such as religion while a racial group is comprised of people who share similar physical characteristics

Describe specific strategies for social workers which will help them to combat personal racial and ethnic prejudices.

Analyze the kind of jokes you laugh at or participate in. Are they racist? Do they come from stereotypes? Would you refuse the thought of marrying someone of a particular race? Analyze why if the answer is yes.

BONUS: What does ASWB stand for?

Association of Social Work Boards

Anglo-conformity

Assumes the desirability of maintaining modified English institutions, language, and culture as the dominant standard in American life

What risks are involved in believing a stereotype?

Believing either positive or negative stereotypes mean that capabilities can be determined by race which limits a person. Believing positive stereotypes makes it likelier for someone to believe the negative ones.

Explain the idea of majority and minority in terms of society.

Minority issues are majority issues. The majority decides whether they agree on the social issues of the minority

BONUS: what does NASW stand for?

National Association of Social Workers

Explain how/why race is "a social concept".

Race is erroneously believed by many to be a biological classification of people yet there are no clearly desalinating characteristics of any race- no racial group has any unique or distinctive genes

What guidelines are important when developing intervention techniques for work with diverse clients?

Social workers should only use intervention techniques that are guided by evidence based practice.

BONUS: what does CSWE stand for?

The Council on Social Work Education

Describe the work of the major social work organizations NASW and CSWE toward combating discrimination

The NASW has lobbied for the passage of civil rights legislation and the CSWE requires bachelor and master degrees include content on racism in the curriculum

Describe the medical model, specifically in contrast to the ethnic sensitive practice model.

The medical model is a deficit model that focuses on identifying problems or deficits within a person while the ethnic-sensitive practice incorporates understanding of diverse ethnic cultural, and minority groups into the theories and principles that guide social work practice.

individual racism

The negative attitudes one person has about all members of a racial or ethnic group, often resulting in overt acts such as name-calling, social exclusion, or violence Example: "white terrorists bomb a black church and kill five black children"

Explain: "The enactment of a law (i.e. civil rights legislation) is only the first step in the process of changing prejudiced attitudes and practices."

The new laws have to be enforced and used. If those enforcing laws don't agree, they are more likely to be lenient on those who violate it

Define/describe the Afrocentric perspective and the worldview inherent in the perspective.

acknowledges African culture and expressions of African beliefs, values, institutions, and behaviors. World view of African Americans are shaped by racism and discrimination, an African heritage, and strong religious orientation

Identify specific social worker roles for working toward ending discrimination. Give examples.

advocates for equal treatment, analysts of societal conditions, initiators of action by seeking to inform, educator by giving info on options to counter oppression, integrators/coordinators by seeking to have these organizations form a coalition, and brokers to link oppressed to needed resources

locality development model

asserts that community change can be best brought about through broad participation of wide spectrum of people at the local community level

social action model

assumes there is a disadvantaged (often oppressed) segment of the population that needs to be organized, perhaps in alliance with others, in order to pressure the power structure for increased resources or for treatment more in accordance with democracy or social justice

· Define/describe ethnocentrism.

based on the belief that one's own group is superior (normally based on cultural differences so could be based on religion for example not necessarily physical traits)

racism

belief that race is the primary determinant of human capacities and traits and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.

Race

believed to have common set of physical characteristics

de facto discrimination

discrimination that actually exists, whether legal or not. example:serving white customers that come into a restaurant after black customers first

social planning model

emphasizes a technical process of problem solving - it assumes that community change in a complex industrial environment requires highly trained and skilled planners who can guide complex change processes

Explain the concept cultural humility.

encourage personal reflection and growth around culture in order to increase the cultural awareness of service providers

Identify/explain the "costs" of racial discrimination and oppression (at all levels - micro, mezzo, and macro).

examples cost at micro-people personally being treated badly at a restaurant, public event, etc bc of race cost at mezzo- family not being allowed housing because of their race cost at macro-entire community is unable to receive quality education because of their race

Define stereotype and racial/ethnic stereotype.

generalizations or assumptions that people make about the characteristics of all members of a group, based on an image about what people in a group are like. Racial/ethnic stereotypes are generalized because of their race or ethnic group

Define cultural pluralism

implies a series of coexisting groups, each preserving its own tradition and culture but each loyal to an overarching American nation. (current trend in America)

Define worldview.

involves one's perceptions of oneself in relation to other people, objects, institutions, and nature.

de jure discrimination

legal discrimination example: Jim Crow Laws

Name the three traditional models of community change

locality development model, social planning model, and social action model

Elementary and Secondary Education Act

passed in 1965 continues to be very significant federal legislation today: Title I is a section of ESEA that requires federal funding be given to schools "in need" so that students' academic achievement (especially in math and reading) can be strengthened.

McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act

passed in 1987 has been frequently revised and strengthened by Congress through later amendments and the passage of other school-related legislation.

No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

passed in 2001 reauthorized and expanded ESEA.

Every Student Succeeds Act(ESSA)

passed in 2015 replaced NCLB, and reauthorized ESEA and McKinney-Vento provisions.

discrimination

positive: making fine distinctions between two or more ideas, objects, situations or stimuli negative: in minority-group relations it is the unfair treatment of a person, racial group, or minority; ACTION

Define prejudice

preconceived adverse opinion or judgement formed without just grounds or before sufficient knowledge; THOUGHT

Describe the major points regarding each of the following theories of "where" prejudice and discrimination originate: projection; frustration-aggression; countering insecurity and inferiority; authoritarianism; history; competition and exploitation; socialization; religion; white supremacy.

projection (psychological defense mechanism in which one attributes to others characteristics that one is unwilling to recognize in oneself), frustration aggression(reaction when one is unable to obtain something we desire), countering insecurity and inferiority (satisfied through discrimination is the desire to counter feelings of insecurity and inferiority), authoritarianism (obsession with power leads to prejudice and intolerance), history(prejudice against those who were once conquered, enslaved, or subordinates), competition and exploitation(treat other groups as inferior because of competition to acquire more goods), socialization (ingraining stereotypes from generation to generation), religion(some believe people who believe differently are of less value), and white supremacy (belief that white is superior to other races)

institutional racism

refers to discriminatory acts and policies against a racial group that pervade the major macro systems of society, including the legal, political economic, and educational systems. Example: "500 black babies dying each year because of lack of proper food, shelter, and medical facilities... because of conditions of poverty and discrimination"

Define self-concept (and identify the terms often used interchangeably with that term).

refers to the positive and negative thoughts and feelings that one has toward one-self. (self-image, sense of self, self-esteem, and identity)

Describe the main purpose of affirmative action programs.

require that employers demonstrate that they are actively employing minority applicants

Define ethnic-sensitive practice and describe the characteristics which accompany this approach to social work practice.

seeks to incorporate understanding of diverse ethnic, cultural, and minority groups into the theories and principles that guide social work practice

Define social justice and human rights, and then explain how they relate to each other and social work.

social justice is an ideal in which all members of a society have the same opportunities, basic rights, obligations, and social benefits while human rights are conceived to be fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being. Together social justice works to ensure all people have human rights.

Explain: "Everyone has multicultural diversity" and "In working with clients, social workers need to view individuals in terms of intersectionality".

social workers must analyze the adversities that each client might face solely because of their culture, race, gender, etc and how that plays a role in their need for aid

Explain how social workers should respond to racist remarks and actions of others.

social workers should be advocates for social change

Define institutional discrimination and give examples within agencies and organizations.

unfair treatment of an individual that is due to the established operating procedures, policies, laws, or objectives of large organizations example: -family counseling assigns less skilled counselors to minority neighborhood -human services agency takes longer to process request of nonwhite for funds

Define oppression, and the relationship between oppression and discrimination.

unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power. (Form of discrimination as it is prejudice put into ACTION)

Melting Pot Theory

views the future American society not as a modified England but rather as a totally new blend, both culturally and biologically, of all various groups that inhabit the United States