Socio: Chapter 10 Review

30. Why is sickle cell disease more common among African Americans than whites? a. The ancestors of many African Americans were from parts of Africa where malaria is common. b. Black people are genetically predisposed to the disease. c. Sickle cell disease is found only in Africa and is found in every part of the continent. d. White children have higher rates of vaccination against the disease.

a. The ancestors of many African Americans were from parts of Africa where malaria is common.

1. In the early to mid-twentieth century, thousands of black women who went to the doctor for reasons, such as an appendectomy, would later discover that they had been sterilized without their permission. a. True b. False

a. True

5. Immigrants often have better health than their native-born counterparts. a. True b. False

a. True

6. The United States and much of Western Europe attempt to dump their toxic waste in Africa and the Caribbean. a. True b. False

a. True

7. In the Tuskegee syphilis experiment, poor black men with syphilis were left untreated in order to understand the progression of the disease. a. True b. False

a. True

9. A primary motive for seeking genetic explanations for health disparities is profit potential. a. True b. False

a. True

14. In the early to mid-twentieth century, hundreds of thousands of black women were subjected to involuntary sterilization on the basis that a. blacks were physically weak and unfit. b. sterilization would end interracial marriage. c. sterilization would lead to better mental health. d. blacks were too strong to be controlled by whites after emancipation.

a. blacks were physically weak and unfit.

22. Even though Latinos have, on average, a lower socioeconomic status than whites, they have comparable health outcomes to whites. This phenomenon is known as the a. "Latino Privilege." b. "Hispanic Paradox." c. "Racial Inoculation." d. "Latino Enigma."

b. "Hispanic Paradox."

10. Black children are equally likely as white children to have lead poisoning. a. True b. False

b. False

2. Health disparities show no connection to socioeconomic status. a. True b. False

b. False

3. Blacks with college degrees were less likely than whites, Hispanics, and Asians with less than a high school education to have low birth-weight babies. a. True b. False

b. False

4. African American coping strategies for dealing with the stress of individual racism protect them from poor physical health. a. True b. False

b. False

8. Immigrants tend to have better health outcomes the longer they stay in the United States. a. True b. False

b. False

16. Gains in income and wealth translate into an increased likelihood of having good health, showing a clear link between health and socioeconomic status. What evidence has been found that demonstrates how these factors work in different ways across racial and ethnic lines? a. Women from Cambodia experience the highest level of health gains due to socioeconomic status increases. b. Increases in socioeconomic status do not result in the same level of health gains for African Americans as they do for whites. c. Women are much more likely than men to experience health gains as a result of increased socioeconomic status. d. Increases in socioeconomic status result in higher health gains for Asians and Native Americans than any other group.

b. Increases in socioeconomic status do not result in the same level of health gains for African Americans as they do for whites.

13. Involuntary experimentation on blacks, such as Ebb Cade, were conducted well into the twentieth century. The adoption of the _____ in 1953 made involuntary experimentation illegal; however, these practices continued. a. the Civil Rights Act b. Nuremberg Code c. Anti-Abuse Act d. Medical Ethics Code

b. Nuremberg Code

32. _____ was the primary cause of the Flint water crisis. a. Pollution in Lake Huron b. Water-supply decisions made by city officials c. General Motors dumping corroded car parts in the water supply d. All of the above

b. Water-supply decisions made by city officials

20. Michael is a sixty-year-old African American male living in Alabama. While walking down the street, someone shouts a racial slur at him as she drives by. Hearing the slur causes Michael stress, which increases his blood pressure. Elevated blood pressure can lead to heart disease. This scenario demonstrates a. how African Americans have poor coping strategies. b. how individual racism negatively influences African American health outcomes. c. how African Americans experience more individual racism than Latinos. d. how people in the South are much more likely to engage in overt racist behavior.

b. how individual racism negatively influences African American health outcomes.

28. The primary reason that the Pima and Tohono O'odham Indians of southern Arizona have extremely high rates of diabetes is a. genetic predisposition. b. the government cut off their irrigation water supply, preventing them from growing their own food. c. long-held cultural traditions of eating unhealthy food. d. All of the above

b. the government cut off their irrigation water supply, preventing them from growing their own food.

26. The Holt Family of Dickson, Tennessee's struggle for better conditions in their neighborhood is an example of a. changing attitudes about using contaminated water for household chores. b. the movement for environmental justice. c. strategies to combat sterilization racism. d. apathy in the African American community.

b. the movement for environmental justice.

29. According to most scholars, why do black and Latino children tend to have higher rates of asthma than white children? a. White children are more likely to get early health interventions to avoid asthma. b. Black and Latino children are genetically predisposed to asthma. c. Black and Latino children are more likely to live in polluted areas. d. All of the above

c. Black and Latino children are more likely to live in polluted areas.

24. How does Edna Viruell-Fuentes explain the difference in health outcomes between Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants? a. Mexican Americans are more likely to live near hazardous waste plants, exposing them to contaminated water. b. Mexican Americans have higher levels of education. c. Mexican immigrants are more likely to live in ethnic enclaves, which help to shelter them from the stress of discrimination. d. Mexican immigrants are less likely to seek medical treatment.

c. Mexican immigrants are more likely to live in ethnic enclaves, which help to shelter them from the stress of discrimination.

11. In addition to disparities in wealth, housing, and education, systematic racism has significantly impacted nonwhites' a. family size. b. media consumption patterns. c. life expectancy. d. driving habits.

c. life expectancy.

18. According to David Williams and Chiquita Collins, _____ is/are the primary cause of black/white health disparities. a. discrimination by healthcare professionals b. higher crime rates in black neighborhoods c. racial residential segregation d. microaggressions

c. racial residential segregation

21. The _____ focuses on the long-term exposure to unhealthy conditions, whereas the _____ focuses on the buildup of stressors over the life course. a. cumulative disadvantage perspective; weathering hypothesis b. persistent risk theory; snowball effect c. weathering hypothesis; cumulative disadvantage perspective d. snowball effect; persistent risk theory

c. weathering hypothesis; cumulative disadvantage perspective

12. In the nineteenth century, doctors at the Medical College of Georgia acquire the bodies they used for medical dissection from a. Native American reservations. b. African American hospital morgues. c. burial sites for Chinese laborers who died while constructing railroads. d. African American burial grounds.

d. African American burial grounds.

19. What aspects of nonwhites' living conditions contribute to their poor health outcomes? a. Nonwhites are more likely to live far from supermarkets with healthy produce. b. Nonwhites are more likely to live in areas where crime is higher, making it less safe to walk around the neighborhood. c. Nonwhites are more likely to live near hazardous waste facilities. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

27. Racial residential segregation lead to poor health outcomes for African Americans in underresourced neighborhoods due to a. exposure to crime. b. lack of sidewalks and other conditions that make it difficult to exercise. c. limited access to stores with fresh produce. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

31. Which of the following is an example of an environmental justice movement? a. African Americans' fights for lead screening b. Chicano and Filipino struggles against the use of pesticides in agriculture c. The Standing Rock protests to protect water from oil drilling d. All of the above

d. All of the above

33. What is the problem with conflating racial differences in health with genetic factors? a. When prescribing drugs, race is always a stand-in for a more precise explanation. Therefore, racial dosing and racial prescribing are imprecise and potentially harmful. b. By blaming race and genetics for health problems, researchers are ignoring structural inequalities. c. Genetic motivations tend to be profit-oriented. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

25. _____ is institutional policies and practices that differentially affect the health outcomes or living conditions of people and communities based on race or color. a. Sterilization racism b. Acculturation c. Healthcare disadvantage d. Environmental racism

d. Environmental racism

17. _____ are most likely to have low birth-weight babies. a. Blacks b. Whites c. Asians d. Hispanics

d. Hispanics

23. African Americans have higher rates of poor _____ health and lower rates of poor _____ health. a. spiritual; mental b. mental; physical c. mental; spiritual d. physical; mental

d. physical; mental

15. Even today, Native American, Latina, and black women are more likely to be sterilized than white women. Thomas Volscho suggests that this disparity is due to a. poor physical health. b. higher rates of postpartum depression. c. proximity to toxic waste facilities. d. sterilization racism.

d. sterilization racism.