sociology 1.0

For which of the following reasons could the supposed increase in voter turnout in the 2004 election really be just an artifact of the way that voter turnout is measured?

For the first time, the turnout rate was based on eligible voters, as opposed to all residents of voting age

For which of the following reasons could the supposed increase in voter turnout in the 2004 election really be just an artifact of the way that voter turnout is measured?

For the first time, the turnout rate was based on eligible voters, as opposed to all residents of voting age.

How does the academic achievement of homeschooled students compare to that of public school students?

Homeschooled students perform significantly better, on average, than public school students.

When John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon debated during the 1960 presidential campaign, voters who watched the debate on television were more likely to see Kennedy as the winner than those who listened to it on radio. Why?

Nixon refused to take advice on hair, makeup, and clothing that would have made him look better on camera.

In the Sermon on the Mount, in the Christian New Testament, believers are told, "Whatever you want men to do to you, do also to them." Of which of the functions or dysfunctions of religion does this remind you?

Religion provides morals, values, rules, and norms for participants.

What is one reason that critics might object to school vouchers?

They believe vouchers will drain funds from vulnerable public schools and cause them to deteriorate further.

Intrinsic religiosity can be defined as

a person's inner religious life.

During the 2012 presidential election, Barack Obama was endorsed by singer and celebrity Beyoncé Knowles. To the extent that people pay attention to her and care about what she says, she is a(n):

opinion leader.

High-profile individuals who interpret political information and influence the voting habits of the public are called:

opinion leaders.

Which of the following is an example of a special interest group?

police unions

Which of the following would be an example of social media?

politicians using Twitter to communicate with their constituents and hear back from them directly

The methods and tactics of managing a political entity are called:

politics.

Robert is walking down the street late at night when a man in a ski mask suddenly sticks a gun in his face and takes his wallet. Sociologists would say that Robert's mugger had ________ but not ________.

power; authority

Short sentences or phrases on a political subject, designed to be catchy and memorable but not necessarily to convey much information, are called:

soundbites.

On January 30, 2005, Iraq held what many claim were the first free and fair elections in its history, after many decades of military dictatorship. This was seen as the first step in transforming Iraq into a:

. democracy

According to Randall Collins, why do members of lucrative professions like law and medicine support the current educational system?

. They want to keep the number of potential job applicants down, thus minimizing competition and ensuring that there is a large number of people for less lucrative, less pleasant profession

The former Supreme Court justice Sandra Day O'Connor voted to allow a Christmas display on public property that included a nativity scene but voted to prohibit city governments from having displays that had only a nativity scene. This indicates that:

America is both a secular and a nonsecular society at the same time.

Which of the following is a criticism of the No Child Left Behind Act passed by Congress in 2002?

Teachers, under pressure to raise test scores, may stop doing everything but "teaching to the test."

Which of the following is an example of how the hidden curriculum can reinforce inequality?

While curriculum may recognize and celebrate diversity, most professors and administrators are white and heterosexual.

What is a political system called that denies ordinary people participation or representation in their government?

authoritarian

The term that refers to the legitimate use of power is called:

authority

In 2008 the Obama family's search for a church to attend in Washington, D.C., was big news. A sociological analysis of the national curiosity about the president's church might argue that:

being a Christian is an unofficial requirement for the presidency.

Public schools that are run by private entities are called:

charter schools.

What variable would account for the dramatic jump in test scores evidenced by the students in Rosenthal and Jacobson's Pygmalion in the Classroom?

community support

Which of the following techniques is used to disenfranchise part of the American population today?

denying people who have been convicted of felonies the right to vote for the rest of their lives

Since 1917, all Puerto Ricans have been considered U.S. citizens, but they are not represented in Congress and cannot cast ballots in presidential elections. In this sense they are:

disenfranchisement

What is it called when a government bars an individual, either temporarily or permanently, from voting?

disenfranchisement

Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church." Many people still look to passages from the Christian Bible, like this one, to justify gender roles. This may be a ________ of religion, because it ________.

dysfunction; promotes sexism

Schools that blend high school and college are called:

early college high schools.

Attending religious services would be an example of:

extrinsic religiosity.

How does the textbook define the "hidden curriculum"?

lessons that students learn indirectly through the method in which the curriculum is presented and the way the school is organized

What are religions called that worship one divine figure?

monotheistic

A society that separates church and state is a ________ society.

secular

In Soviet Russia, it was a common practice to edit old photographs to reflect the current political mood, and to treat the doctored photos as representations of reality, rather than modifications of it. For example, Stalin's friends who turned into his enemies were cut out of pictures with him. These pictures were examples of:

simulacrum

The fact that school schedules are organized around Christmas is evidence:

that the United States is not a totally secular society.

In 1971 Daniel Ellsberg, working for the Department of Defense, found a large collection of classified documents that showed that many members of the U.S. government did not believe the Vietnam War was winnable, despite public assertions to the contrary. Ellsberg turned to the Fourth Estate, giving the documents to:

the New York Times.

Sociologists have noted that the informal teaching practices and power relationships by which schools operate produce a disconnect between democratic values and what actually goes on in schools. About what concept are such arguments referring?

the hidden curriculum

What development transformed and expanded the role of distance learning in the American educational system?

the rise of the Internet

When students are tested and the test results are used to place them in a certain category of classes (remedial, advanced, college prep, etc.), this process is called:

tracking