Sociology 101 - Quiz 7

While the Davis-Moore thesis suggests "to each according to the importance of one's work," Karl Marx supported the idea A) "to the victor goes the spoils." B) "to each according to the degree of schooling." C)"from each according to ability, to each according to needs." D) "productivity is more important than equality"

"from each according to ability, to each according to needs."

England's aristocracy contained about what share of the entire country's population? A) About one-tenth of 1 percent B) 5 percent C) 25 percent D) 50 percent

5 percent

Caste systems encourage romantic love and personal choice as the basis of marriage. True or False

False

China stands out as a country without any social classes. True or False

False

Compared with people in United States, people in Great Britain are more likely to experience social mobility True or False

False

Conspicuous consumption refers to the fact that rich people and poor people generally shop for different products, such as food and clothing. True or False

False

Davis and Moore point out that social stratification does not exist in many societies and use this fact to the claim that stratification is not inevitable True or False

False

Great Britain has eliminated all aspects of its historic aristocracy True or False

False

In class systems, categories in the social hierarchy are more clearly and rigidly defined than they are in caste systems. True or False

False

In the United States, social inequality is simply a matter of people's talents and abilities True or False

False

People living in societies with class systems, compared with those living in societies with caste systems, tend to think of others in terms of social categories instead of as individuals True or False

False

Social stratification is found in most-but not all-societies. True or False

False

Structural social mobility refers to an individual's upward or downward social movement due to personal effort or, in some cases, good or bad luck. True or False

False

The Davis-Moore thesis implies that societies without social inequality would be the most productive True or False

False

The Kuznets curve shows that industrial societies have the greatest social stratification. True or False

False

The former Soviet Union was a classless society without social inequality True or False

False

The socialist revolution Karl Marx predicted took place in most industrial-capitalist societies about a century ago. True or False

False

Today, U.S. workers have far fewer legal protections than U.S. workers had a century ago, when the industrial age was just beginning True or False

False

Weber agreed with Marx that a socialist revolution would result in complete social equality True or False

False

A category of people historically defined as "untouchable" because they perform work that has been viewed as "unclean" has been part of social stratification in A) India. B) Canada. C)Sweden. D) the former Soviet Union.

India.

Caste systems encourage the long-term commitment to labor, which is required in an economy based on agriculture True or False

True

Class systems assign social position based on both birth and individual achievement. True or False

True

Compared to the U.S. society, Japanese society exhibits more caste elements. True or False

True

For most people in the United States, social standing remains much the same over the course of a lifetime. True or False

True

Ideology refers to ideas that support social stratification. True or False

True

In general, income disparity is greater in lower-income nations than it is in higher- income nations. True or False

True

Individuals in class systems typically exhibit more status inconsistency than people in caste systems. True or False

True

Karl Marx claimed that social stratification in high-income nations, such as Great Britain and the United States, reflects a capitalist economy True or False

True

Max Weber said social stratification involved three distinct dimensions: economic class, social prestige, and political power True or False

True

Social stratification is a matter of not only inequality, but also beliefs about fairness. True or False

True

Social stratification shapes social patterns in everyday life by encouraging people to interact with others of similar social position True or False .

True

The Davis-Moore thesis states that social stratification has consequences that are beneficial to society True or False

True

The concept of social mobility refers to changes in people's positions in the social hierarchy True or False

True

The more a society is a meritocracy, the greater the society's level of social mobility True or False

True

Weber described stratification as a multi-dimensional ranking. True or False

True

One good indication that caste still operates in the United Kingdom is the importance people attach to A) graduating from college B) social mobility C) money D) accent in speech.

accent in speech.

In general, societies that have caste systems have economies that are A) based on hunting and gathering B) industrial. C) agrarian. D) postindustrial

agrarian.

If you have a job that involves manual labor, you are doing A ) blue-collar work . B) white-collar work. C )service work. D) farming

blue-collar work .

According to Karl Marx, social stratification in a capitalist society always involves A) class conflict. B) negotiation and compromise leading to stability C) the abolition of work itself D) a working class revolution.

class conflict.

If you lived in a society with a traditional caste system, you would expect your marriage to be A) polygamous. B) exogamous. C) based on romantic love D) endogamous.

endogamous.

The degree of status consistency is. A) greater in caste than class systems. B) the same in all types of social stratification. C) greater in class than caste systems D) greater the more productive a society is

greater in caste than class systems.

The ending of apartheid in South Africa has led to A) that society becoming a meritocracy B) little improvement for millions of poor, black people. C) complete social mixing by people of all races. D) the election of the first white president.

little improvement for millions of poor, black people.

A college professor with advanced degrees, moderate salary, and little power to shape national events can be described as having A) high status consistency B) horizontal social mobility C) downward social mobility D) low status consistency

low status consistency

According to Davis and Moore, a system of unequal rewards increases productivity by A) provoking revolutionary change B) motivating people to work longer, harder, or better C) encouraging people to work only according to their own perceived abilities. D) ensuring highly paid individuals contribute substantially to society

motivating people to work longer, harder, or better

If you were born into a traditional caste system, you would expect that, based on birth, you would be A) raised to do a certain type of job B) encouraged, but not required, to marry someone of your own social category C) encouraged to socialize with people across other categories. D) able to move between social categories.

raised to do a certain type of job

When Marx argued that capitalism "reproduces the class structure," he meant that A) it is really ordinary people who create social inequality B) society operates in a way that carries class differences from one generation to the next. C) class differences are the same throughout all of human history D) society could never abolish class inequalit

society operates in a way that carries class differences from one generation to the next.

In English history , the aristocracy included- . A) the hereditary nobility, the highest church officials, and the royal family B) wealthy merchants, the hereditary nobility, and the royal family C) the hereditary nobility and the royal family D) the royal family only

the hereditary nobility, the highest church officials, and the royal family

The historical practice in England of passing on property to only the first-born male descendant is called A) the law of the estates B) the law of meritocracy C) the law of status consistency D) the law of primogeniture

the law of primogeniture

About half of all the people in the United Kingdom today consider themselves to be in the A)upper class. B) middle class. C) working class. D) lower class

working class.