Sociology 1010

Anomie

9) In Émile Durkheim's study Suicide, he reported that suicide rates went up when the economy slumped but they also increased when the economy boomed. Which of Durkheim's concepts explains why both positive and negative economic conditions could increase suicide rates?

with verstehen (understanding), which emphasizes the need for empathy with individuals' experiences.

15) Max Weber helped lay the groundwork for sociologists who helped develop symbolic interaction as a theory because he believed that social scientists should approach the study of human action:

Sociological Imagination

1) According to C. Wright Mills, what one quality of mind do all great sociologists posses?

Interdependence and individual rights

10) According to Émile Durkheim, industrialized societies function via an organic solidarity. What is the basis for organic solidarity?

Normlessness, or a loss of social connections to the social world

11) Durkheim theorized that the rapidly changing conditions of modern life lead to anomie. What is anomie?

Social inequality

12) In the United States today, the richest 1 percent of Americans have 40 percent of the country's wealth. Karl Marx would call this:

The application of economic logic to all aspects of social life

13) Max Weber believed that as the Industrial Revolution progressed, society became increasingly rationalized. How did he define rationalization?

Bureaucracies

14) Max Weber believed that modern industrialized societies were characterized by which of the following institutions?

Both were intrigued by America's democratic promise but disappointed in its hypocritical injustices.

16) What did W.E.B. DuDois have in common with Harriet Martinaeu?

tried to address social problems through hands-on activity in the communities she researched.

17) Jane Addams was an early advocate of applied sociology. This means that she did not just do research, but that she also:

A social institution or patterned interaction that is stable over time and helps meet the needs of society

18) Structured functionalist theory is very concerned with the ways in which structures contribute to the stability of society. What is a structure?

Culture is the entire way of life of a group of people, and it acts as a lens through which we view the world.

19) What is the definition of "culture"?

The sociological approach that assumes that individual decisions and interactions are independent of larger social institutions

2) What is the sociological imagination?

Ethnocentrism

20) The tendency to use your own group's way of doing things and the yardstick for judging others is called:

They use their own culture as a standard of judgment.

21) Why do ethnocentric people tend to view other cultures as abnormal?

It challenges people's inability to observe their own cultures.

22) The article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" is useful to sociologists because:

Language can structure our perception of reality (circular vs liner thinking)

23) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that:

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

24) In the movie Mean Girls, students identify each other using categories like "jock", "cheerleader", "skater", and "nerd". These classifications of different groups represent what aspect of culture?

Moral Holiday

25) The slogan "what happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas" is an example of:

Incest

26) Which of the following is an example of a taboo in American society?

To demonstrate that the schools value multiculturalism and to reduce ethnocentrism.

27) Many American colleges and universities require students to take classes on non-Western cultures. Why do these requirements exist?

Hegemony

28) When the dominant culture, without the use of force, persuades the rest of society that its beliefs and values are the only or best values, it has achieved:

subculture

29) A cultural group that exists harmoniously within a larger culture is called a:

The sociological perspective is innately is innately understood by nearly everyone, but we rarely acknowledge it.

3) Why did C. Wright Mills think that it is important for everyone, even people who will never take a sociology class, to develop a sociological imagination?

A street gang

30) Which of the following groups is a subculture?

counter culture

31) Sociologists use which of the following terms to describe a group whose values and norms oppose the dominant culture?

Survivalists living in Montana

32) Which of the following groups is most likely to be classified as a counterculture?

rejected the norms of the dominant culture.

33) Countercultural groups such as the hippies of the 1960s:

Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but only members of a subculture actievly oppose important aspects of the mainstream.

34) How is a subculture different from a counterculture?

Culture Wars

35) Conflict within mainstream society about which values and norms should be upheld is called.

Real Culture

36) What do sociologists call the norms and values that people actually follow, as opposed to the norms and values that people believe should be followed?

Cultural Diffusion

37) During the American occupation of Japan after World War II, the Japanese observed soldiers playing baseball and later adopted it as one of their favorite pastimes. This is an example of:

Cultural Diffusion

38) When Patti Sue took her world tour, she had lunch at McDonald's in Tokyo, ate dinner at Hard Rock Cafe in Hong Kong, purchased clothes at Macy's in London, and was entertained at a Disney show featuring Mickey Mouse and Pluto in Paris. This homogenization of cultures around the world is called:

Cultural Leveling

39) What do sociologists call it when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar?

labor unions and the abolition of slavery

4) Harriet Martineau supported many ideas that were radical for her time, including:

organize and protest political politics

40) As a way of facilitating social change, tweets and hashtags are a new social phenomenon in which people are able to use social media in an effort to:

Her translation of the work of Auguste Comte into English

5) What was probability Harriet Martineau's most important contribution to the development of sociology and discipline?

Herbert Spencer

6) Who coined the phrase "the survival of the fittest"?

Capitalism

7) What economic system emerged during the Industrial Revolution?

Shared traditions with similar experience

8) Émile Durkheim suggested that in traditional societies, people were bound together through mechanical solidarity. What was the basis of these sorts of bonds?