Sociology
Suicides committed in the name of duty, E. Durkheim calls
Altruistic suicides
Author of the work Course of Positive Philosophy
Auguste Comte
The central concept of sociology K. Marx is
Class struggle
Living together as a romantically involved, unmarried couple
Cohabitation
The method of collecting primary sociological information by directly recording events and processes taking place under certain conditions and entering them in the diary is
Diary method
Type of stratification system in which the basis of differentiation is the religious and ethnic division of labor
Estate system
Family type characterized by living together for several generations
Extended family
A form of marriage that is the union of one man and one woman
Monogamy
The question of a sociological questionnaire, to which the respondent must independently formulate the content of his answer, is called
Open-ended question
Preliminary study method to verify and adjust all elements of the main study
Pilot study
The characteristic features of an industrial society do NOT include
Primacy of agriculture over industry
In what concept is a person considered as a three-level education (id, ego, super-ego)?
Psychoanalytic theory (Sigmund Freud)
Research that allows to get information about the motivations of behavior, attitudes of people, that is to get an answer to the question: «Why?» are called
Qualitative research methods
Research into objective, quantifiable characteristics of human behaviour is called
Quantitative research methods
A form of religious organization, which is a closed group that has arisen within a religious movement recognized by society as an opposition movement
Sect
The process by which beliefs in the supernatural and related rituals are questioned and the institution of religion loses its social influence
Secularization
Who is the author of the concept of the human mind being an aggregation of three interconnected components: Id, Ego and Superego
Sigmund Freud
What results from unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige?
Social inequality
Movements of individuals in the system of social hierarchy, accompanied by an increase or decrease in social status
Social mobility
A social process that involves a qualitative transformation of the entire system of social relations, up to the breaking of the established orders and the formation of new ones, is
Social revolution
The source of information, the unit of information in the collection of sociological data by the method of content analysis is
Texts, documents, or other recorded communication
E. Durkheim considered the main indicator of progress
The development of the division of labor.
Socialization is
The lifelong process of learning the norms, values, and beliefs of one's culture and acquiring the skills necessary for participating in social life
What is the social structure?
The patterned social arrangements and relationships that persist over time and shape human behavior within a society
Ethnic assimilation is
The process by which members of an ethnic group adopt the culture, values, and behaviors of the dominant culture, often resulting in a loss of their distinct ethnic identity
What is urbanization?
The process of concentrating populations in cities
Stigmatization theory explains deviant behavior as
The result of labeling individuals as deviant and attaching negative attributes to them
Ethnic sociology studies
The social organization, culture, and social practices of ethnic groups and their relations to other ethnic groups and the larger society.
What is the object of sociology?
The study of human social life, groups, and societies
What social institution corresponds to the need to ensure the reproduction and development of society through the organized transfer of social experience in the form of knowledge, skills and abilities
education
A statement about relationships that we expect to find if our theory is correct
hypothesis
All people who could potentially be studied as part of the research
population
Methods attempt to gather detailed, rich data allowing for an in-depth understanding of individual action in the context of social life
qualitative methods
An interrelated set of assumptions that explains observed patterns
theory
What is crime?
A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions
According to Durkheim, the concept of anomie means
A state of normlessness or a breakdown of norms in society
A system of forced racial segregation
Apartheid
Immigrants abandon their original customs and practices, moulding their behaviour to the values and norms of the majority
Assimilation
The founder of positivism in sociology is
Auguste Comte
Who implemented term sociology into the scientific circulation?
Auguste Comte
Deviant acts punishable by law are defined by the term
Crime
A large group of kin, or relatives, which could include grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins living in one household
Extended family.
Members of this group are disadvantaged when compared with the dominant group - a group possessing more wealth, power and prestige - and have some sense of group solidarity, of belonging together
Minority group
What is migration?
Movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purposes of resettling
Type of family according to the criterion of leadership, in which a man dominates
Patriarchal family
A system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wives
Polygyny
What causes forced migration?
Social, political, or religious oppression
The transfer of social experience from parents to children is performed by such a function of the family as
Socialization
The most common method of collecting sociological information is
Survey/questionnaire method
What is social control?
The regulation and enforcement of norms
A research method that refers to the systematic examination of documents of any sort
content analysis
The group in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable
control group
Group interview also can be called
focus group
If a sociologist joined the participants of the demonstration to conduct research, then he conducts
participant observation
Methods try to measure social phenomena and use mathematical models and, often, statistical analysis to explain them
quantitative methods
Max Weber made detailed studies of Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism and ancient Judaism, he wrote extensively about the impact of Christianity on the history of the West in his book called
"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism."
Nuclear family is
A family unit consisting of parents and their children
What is a caste system?
A form of social stratification in which status is determined by one's family history and background and cannot be changed
What is the social sanction?
A mechanism of social control that encourages people to conform to social norms through rewards or punishments
The expert survey is
A method for collecting information from a group of people who have special knowledge or experience in the area being studied.
The sociometric method is
A method for measuring social relationships among individuals
What is intra-generational mobility?
A mobility, which is fairly common, refers to the changing of jobs within a class: a therapist who shifts careers so that he can teach college
What is inter-generational mobility?
A movement up or down the social ladder, and thus is often called upward or downward mobility
What is social stratification?
A process when members of a given society are categorized and divided into groups, which are then placed in a social hierarchy
What is the social norm?
A shared expectation or rule about what behavior is appropriate and acceptable in a particular social situation
What is social class?
A system of stratification practiced primarily in capitalist societies, ranks groups of people according to their wealth, property, power, and prestige. It is also referred to by sociologists as socioeconomic status
A sampling is defined as
A technique for selecting a representative sample of individuals or groups from a larger population for research purposes.
Ethnos is
A term used to describe a group of people who share a common cultural identity, including language, customs, beliefs, and traditions
Ethnic diaspora is
A term used to describe a group of people who share a common ethnic or national background and who live outside of their ancestral homeland
What is an example of informal sanction?
An angry comment is an example of informal sanction
Conditions of the society when there are no generally accepted behavior standards, and the system of value and norms is destroyed
Anomie
Type of stratification system in which gender, age, and physical data form the basis of differentiation
Caste system
Representative of the biological approach to the explanation of deviance
Cesare Lombroso
A form of religious organization that is an autonomous, highly centralized institution that is hierarchical and widespread
Church
Type of stratification system in which the basis of differentiation is occupation and qualification
Class system
Type of stratification system in which the basis of differentiation is the amount of income and property
Class system
Which of the following stratification systems is open?
Class system
Type of question offering the respondent the choice of one of the lists of responses provided
Closed-ended question
What are the causes of migration?
Economic opportunities, political instability, environmental factors, conflicts, and social networks
Author of work Suicide. Sociological study
Emile Durkheim
The concept of anomie was introduced into science by
Emile Durkheim
The idea of the historical process as a transition from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity, based on a deepening division of labor and social differentiation, belongs to
Emile Durkheim
Which of the following scientists developed the theory of the evolutionary development of society?
Emile Durkheim
The historical type of stratification system, the main structural element of which is a closed social group, belonging to which is determined solely by the birth of a person, is
Estate system
Bankruptcy is an example
Example of economic deviance.
Decline in the birth rate, child homelessness, juvenile delinquency are manifestations of the dysfunction of the institution
Family
In a pre-industrial society, most of the emerging social needs are satisfied by the institution
Family
Small social group connected by kinship and marriage
Family
Marrying someone from a different social group
Heterogamy
Marrying someone of similar race or ethnicity, class, education, religion, region, or nationality
Homogamy
A type of social mobility in which there is no increase or decrease in the social status of an individual
Horizontal social mobility
An example of a qualitative sociological (group) research is
In-depth interviews, focus groups, participant observation
The father of modern racism, proposed the existence of just three races: white (Caucasian), black (Negroid) and yellow(Mongoloid)
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
A form of relationship between a man and a woman, sanctioned and regulated by society, which determines their rights and obligations in relation to each other
Marriage
Type of family according to the criterion of leadership, in which a woman dominates
Matriarchal family
Author of the sociological work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Max Weber
The founder of understanding sociology is
Max Weber
Who introduced the concept of ideal type into sociology?
Max Weber.
What is social mobility?
Movement within the stratification system of a particular society, whether it's a small town, a state or nation, or the entire world
The author of the concept of social mobility
Pitirim Sorokin
A system of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands
Polyandry
A belief in many gods
Polytheism
A form of religion that is a system of many gods
Polytheism
What are expressive tasks in family?
Remembering relatives' birthdays, playing Chutes and Ladders with the kids and etc are the examples of expressive tasks (when generally achieve emotional or relational goals in family)
A person who is interviewed in a sociological study is called
Respondent
Who is the author of structural strain theory?
Robert Merton
Any set of people selected according to socially significant criteria
Sample
Representatives of the psychological theory of deviance are
Sigmund Freud and B.F. Skinner
Which definition of sociology is more exact?
Sociology is a scientific discipline that studies society, social relationships, and the processes of social change
What is demography?
Subfield of sociology that examines population size, composition, and distribution
The method of collecting sociological data, in which text messages are the sources of information, is called
Textual analysis
Why do societies practice social control?
To maintain order and stability in society
Displacement of individuals in the social hierarchy system, accompanied by an increase in social status
Upward social mobility
Promotion is an example of
Upward social mobility
What are the two types of vertical social mobility?
Upward social mobility and downward social mobility
What are instrumental tasks in family?
Washing the dishes, fixing the gutters, cooking the dinners and etc are the examples of instrumental tasks (when generally achieve a tangible goal in family)
Which philosophical direction is represented by M.Weber?
Weber is often associated with the sociological perspective of interpretive sociology or verstehende sociology, which emphasizes understanding the subjective meanings and motivations that underlie social action
Type of questions that give a respondent a fix number of choice
close-ended questions
One of the type of sociological survey
cross-sectional survey, longitudinal survey, retrospective survey, panel survey
A research method in which researchers participate in their subjects' daily life, observe daily life, or interview people in depth about their lives
ethnographic research
The group in an experiment that experiences the independent variable
experimental group
A research method in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable to test theories of cause and effect
experimental research
Explanation for a phenomenon based on a conjecture about the relationship between the phenomenon and one or more causal factors
hypothesis
A document containing a theoretical substantiation of methodological approaches and methodological techniques for studying a certain phenomenon or process is called:
methodology
Type of research when we use both quantitative and qualitative methods
mixed-methods research
Type of questions that leave respondents with a space in which to write their answers
open-ended questions
The process of deciding exactly how to measure a given variable is called
operationalization
Trial run in which just a few people complete a questionnaire
pilot study
A sample is chosen so that every member of the population has the same probability of being included
random sampling
The property of the sample to reflect the characteristics of the general population is called
representativeness
The best—and perhaps only—way to study highly stigmatized behaviors such as injecting illegal drug
respondent-driven sampling
The actual population selected for the research
sampling population
Recruitment technique in which research participants are asked to assist researchers in identifying other potential subjects
snowball sampling
Research method which can be quite inexpensive comparing with other methods
survey research
The main purpose of all social institutions is ...
to meet basic societal needs and regulate behavior
