Sociology

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Suicides committed in the name of duty, E. Durkheim calls

Altruistic suicides

Author of the work Course of Positive Philosophy

Auguste Comte

The central concept of sociology K. Marx is

Class struggle

Living together as a romantically involved, unmarried couple

Cohabitation

The method of collecting primary sociological information by directly recording events and processes taking place under certain conditions and entering them in the diary is

Diary method

Type of stratification system in which the basis of differentiation is the religious and ethnic division of labor

Estate system

Family type characterized by living together for several generations

Extended family

A form of marriage that is the union of one man and one woman

Monogamy

The question of a sociological questionnaire, to which the respondent must independently formulate the content of his answer, is called

Open-ended question

Preliminary study method to verify and adjust all elements of the main study

Pilot study

The characteristic features of an industrial society do NOT include

Primacy of agriculture over industry

In what concept is a person considered as a three-level education (id, ego, super-ego)?

Psychoanalytic theory (Sigmund Freud)

Research that allows to get information about the motivations of behavior, attitudes of people, that is to get an answer to the question: «Why?» are called

Qualitative research methods

Research into objective, quantifiable characteristics of human behaviour is called

Quantitative research methods

A form of religious organization, which is a closed group that has arisen within a religious movement recognized by society as an opposition movement

Sect

The process by which beliefs in the supernatural and related rituals are questioned and the institution of religion loses its social influence

Secularization

Who is the author of the concept of the human mind being an aggregation of three interconnected components: Id, Ego and Superego

Sigmund Freud

What results from unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige?

Social inequality

Movements of individuals in the system of social hierarchy, accompanied by an increase or decrease in social status

Social mobility

A social process that involves a qualitative transformation of the entire system of social relations, up to the breaking of the established orders and the formation of new ones, is

Social revolution

The source of information, the unit of information in the collection of sociological data by the method of content analysis is

Texts, documents, or other recorded communication

E. Durkheim considered the main indicator of progress

The development of the division of labor.

Socialization is

The lifelong process of learning the norms, values, and beliefs of one's culture and acquiring the skills necessary for participating in social life

What is the social structure?

The patterned social arrangements and relationships that persist over time and shape human behavior within a society

Ethnic assimilation is

The process by which members of an ethnic group adopt the culture, values, and behaviors of the dominant culture, often resulting in a loss of their distinct ethnic identity

What is urbanization?

The process of concentrating populations in cities

Stigmatization theory explains deviant behavior as

The result of labeling individuals as deviant and attaching negative attributes to them

Ethnic sociology studies

The social organization, culture, and social practices of ethnic groups and their relations to other ethnic groups and the larger society.

What is the object of sociology?

The study of human social life, groups, and societies

What social institution corresponds to the need to ensure the reproduction and development of society through the organized transfer of social experience in the form of knowledge, skills and abilities

education

A statement about relationships that we expect to find if our theory is correct

hypothesis

All people who could potentially be studied as part of the research

population

Methods attempt to gather detailed, rich data allowing for an in-depth understanding of individual action in the context of social life

qualitative methods

An interrelated set of assumptions that explains observed patterns

theory

What is crime?

A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions

According to Durkheim, the concept of anomie means

A state of normlessness or a breakdown of norms in society

A system of forced racial segregation

Apartheid

Immigrants abandon their original customs and practices, moulding their behaviour to the values and norms of the majority

Assimilation

The founder of positivism in sociology is

Auguste Comte

Who implemented term sociology into the scientific circulation?

Auguste Comte

Deviant acts punishable by law are defined by the term

Crime

A large group of kin, or relatives, which could include grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins living in one household

Extended family.

Members of this group are disadvantaged when compared with the dominant group - a group possessing more wealth, power and prestige - and have some sense of group solidarity, of belonging together

Minority group

What is migration?

Movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purposes of resettling

Type of family according to the criterion of leadership, in which a man dominates

Patriarchal family

A system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wives

Polygyny

What causes forced migration?

Social, political, or religious oppression

The transfer of social experience from parents to children is performed by such a function of the family as

Socialization

The most common method of collecting sociological information is

Survey/questionnaire method

What is social control?

The regulation and enforcement of norms

A research method that refers to the systematic examination of documents of any sort

content analysis

The group in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable

control group

Group interview also can be called

focus group

If a sociologist joined the participants of the demonstration to conduct research, then he conducts

participant observation

Methods try to measure social phenomena and use mathematical models and, often, statistical analysis to explain them

quantitative methods

Max Weber made detailed studies of Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism and ancient Judaism, he wrote extensively about the impact of Christianity on the history of the West in his book called

"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism."

Nuclear family is

A family unit consisting of parents and their children

What is a caste system?

A form of social stratification in which status is determined by one's family history and background and cannot be changed

What is the social sanction?

A mechanism of social control that encourages people to conform to social norms through rewards or punishments

The expert survey is

A method for collecting information from a group of people who have special knowledge or experience in the area being studied.

The sociometric method is

A method for measuring social relationships among individuals

What is intra-generational mobility?

A mobility, which is fairly common, refers to the changing of jobs within a class: a therapist who shifts careers so that he can teach college

What is inter-generational mobility?

A movement up or down the social ladder, and thus is often called upward or downward mobility

What is social stratification?

A process when members of a given society are categorized and divided into groups, which are then placed in a social hierarchy

What is the social norm?

A shared expectation or rule about what behavior is appropriate and acceptable in a particular social situation

What is social class?

A system of stratification practiced primarily in capitalist societies, ranks groups of people according to their wealth, property, power, and prestige. It is also referred to by sociologists as socioeconomic status

A sampling is defined as

A technique for selecting a representative sample of individuals or groups from a larger population for research purposes.

Ethnos is

A term used to describe a group of people who share a common cultural identity, including language, customs, beliefs, and traditions

Ethnic diaspora is

A term used to describe a group of people who share a common ethnic or national background and who live outside of their ancestral homeland

What is an example of informal sanction?

An angry comment is an example of informal sanction

Conditions of the society when there are no generally accepted behavior standards, and the system of value and norms is destroyed

Anomie

Type of stratification system in which gender, age, and physical data form the basis of differentiation

Caste system

Representative of the biological approach to the explanation of deviance

Cesare Lombroso

A form of religious organization that is an autonomous, highly centralized institution that is hierarchical and widespread

Church

Type of stratification system in which the basis of differentiation is occupation and qualification

Class system

Type of stratification system in which the basis of differentiation is the amount of income and property

Class system

Which of the following stratification systems is open?

Class system

Type of question offering the respondent the choice of one of the lists of responses provided

Closed-ended question

What are the causes of migration?

Economic opportunities, political instability, environmental factors, conflicts, and social networks

Author of work Suicide. Sociological study

Emile Durkheim

The concept of anomie was introduced into science by

Emile Durkheim

The idea of the historical process as a transition from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity, based on a deepening division of labor and social differentiation, belongs to

Emile Durkheim

Which of the following scientists developed the theory of the evolutionary development of society?

Emile Durkheim

The historical type of stratification system, the main structural element of which is a closed social group, belonging to which is determined solely by the birth of a person, is

Estate system

Bankruptcy is an example

Example of economic deviance.

Decline in the birth rate, child homelessness, juvenile delinquency are manifestations of the dysfunction of the institution

Family

In a pre-industrial society, most of the emerging social needs are satisfied by the institution

Family

Small social group connected by kinship and marriage

Family

Marrying someone from a different social group

Heterogamy

Marrying someone of similar race or ethnicity, class, education, religion, region, or nationality

Homogamy

A type of social mobility in which there is no increase or decrease in the social status of an individual

Horizontal social mobility

An example of a qualitative sociological (group) research is

In-depth interviews, focus groups, participant observation

The father of modern racism, proposed the existence of just three races: white (Caucasian), black (Negroid) and yellow(Mongoloid)

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach

A form of relationship between a man and a woman, sanctioned and regulated by society, which determines their rights and obligations in relation to each other

Marriage

Type of family according to the criterion of leadership, in which a woman dominates

Matriarchal family

Author of the sociological work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Max Weber

The founder of understanding sociology is

Max Weber

Who introduced the concept of ideal type into sociology?

Max Weber.

What is social mobility?

Movement within the stratification system of a particular society, whether it's a small town, a state or nation, or the entire world

The author of the concept of social mobility

Pitirim Sorokin

A system of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands

Polyandry

A belief in many gods

Polytheism

A form of religion that is a system of many gods

Polytheism

What are expressive tasks in family?

Remembering relatives' birthdays, playing Chutes and Ladders with the kids and etc are the examples of expressive tasks (when generally achieve emotional or relational goals in family)

A person who is interviewed in a sociological study is called

Respondent

Who is the author of structural strain theory?

Robert Merton

Any set of people selected according to socially significant criteria

Sample

Representatives of the psychological theory of deviance are

Sigmund Freud and B.F. Skinner

Which definition of sociology is more exact?

Sociology is a scientific discipline that studies society, social relationships, and the processes of social change

What is demography?

Subfield of sociology that examines population size, composition, and distribution

The method of collecting sociological data, in which text messages are the sources of information, is called

Textual analysis

Why do societies practice social control?

To maintain order and stability in society

Displacement of individuals in the social hierarchy system, accompanied by an increase in social status

Upward social mobility

Promotion is an example of

Upward social mobility

What are the two types of vertical social mobility?

Upward social mobility and downward social mobility

What are instrumental tasks in family?

Washing the dishes, fixing the gutters, cooking the dinners and etc are the examples of instrumental tasks (when generally achieve a tangible goal in family)

Which philosophical direction is represented by M.Weber?

Weber is often associated with the sociological perspective of interpretive sociology or verstehende sociology, which emphasizes understanding the subjective meanings and motivations that underlie social action

Type of questions that give a respondent a fix number of choice

close-ended questions

One of the type of sociological survey

cross-sectional survey, longitudinal survey, retrospective survey, panel survey

A research method in which researchers participate in their subjects' daily life, observe daily life, or interview people in depth about their lives

ethnographic research

The group in an experiment that experiences the independent variable

experimental group

A research method in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable to test theories of cause and effect

experimental research

Explanation for a phenomenon based on a conjecture about the relationship between the phenomenon and one or more causal factors

hypothesis

A document containing a theoretical substantiation of methodological approaches and methodological techniques for studying a certain phenomenon or process is called:

methodology

Type of research when we use both quantitative and qualitative methods

mixed-methods research

Type of questions that leave respondents with a space in which to write their answers

open-ended questions

The process of deciding exactly how to measure a given variable is called

operationalization

Trial run in which just a few people complete a questionnaire

pilot study

A sample is chosen so that every member of the population has the same probability of being included

random sampling

The property of the sample to reflect the characteristics of the general population is called

representativeness

The best—and perhaps only—way to study highly stigmatized behaviors such as injecting illegal drug

respondent-driven sampling

The actual population selected for the research

sampling population

Recruitment technique in which research participants are asked to assist researchers in identifying other potential subjects

snowball sampling

Research method which can be quite inexpensive comparing with other methods

survey research

The main purpose of all social institutions is ...

to meet basic societal needs and regulate behavior


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