Sociology Chapter 1

During his career, Anthony has worked as a juvenile police officer, corrections counselor in a state prison, and executive director of an urban redevelopment program. In view of this, which description best describes Anthony's career path?

Anthony has been an applied sociologist

The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was ________.

Auguste Comte

The two sociologists who referred to society as being a kind of living organism were _______ and ________.

Auguste Comte; Herbert Spencer

The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was ________.

C. Wright Mills

At the first meeting of the American Sociological Society, attendees discussed the primary reason for sociology as the practical application to the improvement of social life. This goal of sociology was aligned with the discipline's ________ stage of development in the United States.

First

More than twenty years prior to the birth of Durkheim and Weber, Society in America, an analysis of American social customs, was published by sociologist ________.

Harriet Martineau

Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull-House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Jane Addams

The social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was ________.

Karl Marx

The Wall Street Journal has declared that the three greatest modern thinkers were ________, ________, and ________.

Karl Marx; Sigmund Freud; Albert Einstein

The contemporary conflict sociologist who pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people in close relationships was ________.

Lewis Coser

Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?

No single perspective is best, so all three must be utilized.

Max Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the ________.

Protestant ethic

The American sociologist who focused on social analysis, developing abstract models showing how parts of society harmoniously work together, was ________.

Talcott Parsons

The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was ________.

W. E. B. Du Bois

According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires ________.

a framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change

The social science discipline that concentrates on the study of artifacts, social structure, ideas, values, and forms of communication is ________.

anthropology

Dr. Zahn's academic interest is analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals. In view of this, Dr. Zahn is considered to be a(n) ________ sociologist.

basic (or pure)

The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.

bourgeoisie; proletariat

According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in the birth of ________.

capitalism

Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is ________.

class conflict

Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?

conflict theorists and structural functionalists

Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.

economics; religion

The first goal of each scientific discipline is to ________.

explain why something happens

Which of the following elements did C. Wright Mills attribute as being the one that sociologists would use to explain individual behavior?

external influence

Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) ________ and John would be seen as a(n) ________.

functionalist; conflict theorist

Capitalism is becoming the world's dominant economic system. This is referred to as ________.

globalization of capitalism

College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. This situation represents what Merton would describe as a ________.

latent function

According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.

manifest functions

The scientific method requires ________, repeating a study in order to compare the new research results with the original findings.

replication

The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as ________.

social Darwinism

The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?

social integration

When sociologists' group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine ________.

social location

Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________.

symbolic interactionists

The university that dominated sociology as an academic discipline when Albion Small headed the department was ________.

the University of Chicago

Sociology first took root as an academic discipline at _______ in 1890

the University of Kansas

The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called ________.

the sociological perspective (or imagination)

Max Weber used the term Verstehen to mean ________.

to grasp by insight

What quality did Max Weber stress as being the hallmark of social research?

value neutrality