Sociology-Chapter 11

Cohabitation

Living with someone in a marriage-like arrangement without the legal obligations and responsibilities of formal marriage.

Nature of the American Family

Marriage Rate, the U.S. marriage rate fluctuated since 1940. In 1971, almost 3/4 of American adults thought that three or more children would be the most desirable number. In 2007, the average number of children born to American women 2.0

Heterogamy

Marriage between people with differing social characteristics.

Polygamy

Marriage of a male or female to multiple partners of the same sex.

Endogamy

Mate Selection norms that require(or at least encourage) individuals to marry within their own kind.

Exogamy

Mate selection norms requiring individuals to marry someone outside their kind.

What is the socioemotional function of the family?

"Socioemotional Maintenance" the family is suposed to provide the one supportive environment in society in which am individual is unconditionally accepted and loved.

List and Define the four types of norms regulating the selection of marriage mates?

1.) Exogamy-Refers to mate selection norms requiring individuals to marry someone outside their kind 2.)Endogamy-Involves mate selection norms that require (or at least encourage) individuals to marry with their own kind 3.) Homogamy-Refers to the tendency to marry someone similar to oneself based on personal preference 4.)Heterogamy-Refers to the tendency to marry someone dissimilar with respect to some important social characteristics

Functionalists theory of Families

1.) Provide the initial learning experiences that make people human 2.) Fulfill basic social and emotional control 3.)- 4.)Regulate sexual activity 5.)Place people in a social class at birth 6.)Serve an important economic function

Why do experts expect the divorce rate to continue to decline?

1.) The later people marry, the less likely they are to divorce 2.)The average age of the population of the U.S. is increasing as baby boomers grow older 3.)Amercian couples are having fewer children and the children are spaced farther apart, reducing pressure.

What are the four possible types of marriages discussed in your textbook?

1.)Monogamy-Marriage of one man to only one woman at a time 2.)Pologamy-Marriage of a male or female to multiple partners of the same sex 3.)Polygyny-Marriage of one man to two or more women at the same time. 4.)Polyandry-Marriage of one woman to two or men at the same time.

Romantic Love as the basis for marriage

80% of men and women in the U.S. rate "being in love" as being the most vital reason to marry. In ancient Japan love was considered a barrier to arrange marriages. In Hindu marriages, love follows marriage rather than the other way

Public policy

A broad course of governmental action expressed in specific, laws, programs, and initiatives.

Blended family

A family formed when at least one of the partners in the marriage has been married before and had one or more children form previous marriage.

Family

A group of people related by marriage, blood, or adoption.

What is the primary focus of symbolic interactionist analysis of family?

A key to understanding behavior within the family lies both in the interactions among family members and in the meanings that members assign to these interactions.

Marriage

A legal union based on mutual rights and obligations.

Dual-employed Marriages

A marriage which both husband and wife are in the labor market.

Conflict Theory and Family

Draws attention to social concerns such as sexual inequality, examines women's oppression. 1.)Domination of women by men 2.)Family rules of power and inheritance 3.) Male-economic division of family

Single-parent families

Families headed by an unmarried adult

Homosexual families

Families made up of same-sex partners living together with children.

Family of Orientation and Family of Procreation

Family a person is born into, a family of birth. provides children with name, an identity, and a heritage, gives the child an ascribed status in the community, and society.---Family established upon marriage, family or orientation becomes family of procreation

What types of families are common to all societies?

Family of marriage and family of orientation

Extended family

Family that consists of two or more adult generations of the same family whose members share economic resources and live in a common household.

How does the family transmit social status?

Family transmits its social status because it is the family that provides economic resources that open and close occupational doors. Also, it is form the family transmits values that later affect social status.

Civil unions

Legal agreements between same-sex couples providing them many of the rights enjoyed by married couples.

Dimensions of family stucture

Lineal( lineage-descent and inheritance), Archic( power, who has the authority over the family), and Local( Where you live). Apply Pa(father), Ma(mother), and Neo(both, democratic). Patriarchal, matriarchal, and bilateral control and residence.

Describe how parental and maternity leave policies in the U.S. compare with that of other countries?

In America workers have the right to twelve weeks of unpaid leave for childbirth without threat of job loss (only industrialized country without paid paternity leave). In a 178 other countries guarantee paid leave for new mothers and over 50 overwrite paid leave for fathers.

What is the inheritance and descent system in the United States?

It is the system in which different arrangement exist for determing descent (who becomes head of the family) and inheritance (who owns family property)

Explain why the nuclear family is not isolated form relatives, despite the creation of separate households?

Modern transportation and communication make it easier for relatives to maintain family ties even though separated geographically. Because of metropolitan growth, children no longer need to leave their parents and other relatives to go to college or pursue their occupations. considerable cooperative effort can be observed between adults in nuclear families and their parents. Families of orientation and procreation are linked together through kin network.

What effect does public policy have on family resiliency?

Public policy reduces family resiliency through the lack of a national health insurance program and the absence of paid paternal leave surrounding childbirth.

Family resiliency

The capacity of the family to emerge from crisis as stronger and more resourceful.

Patrilineal

The familial arrangement in which descent and inheritance are passed from the father to the male descendants.

Matrilineal

The familial arrangement in which descent and inheritance are transmitted from the mother to her female descendants.

Bilateral descent

The familial arrangement in which inheritance and descent are passed equally through both parents.

Family of marriage (procreation)

The family established upon marriage, the family in which the marriage signifies that it is legal (officially sanctioned) for a couple to have offspring and to give the children a family name.

Family of orientation

The family in which an individual is born.

Matriarchal control

The form of control in which the oldest female living in a household has the authority.

Patriarchal control

The form of control in which the oldest man living in a household has authority over the rest of the family members.

Monogamy

The form of marriage in which one man is married to only one woman at a time.

Polygyny

The form of marriage in which one man is married to two or more women at the same time.

Polyandry

The form of marriage in which one woman is married to two or more men at the same time.

Divorce ratio

The number of divorced persons in the population divided by the number of persons who are married and living with heir spouses.

Divorce rate

The number of divorces annually for every 1,000 members of the population.

Marriage rate

The number of marriages per year for every 1,000 members of a population.

Democratic control

The situation in which authority is split evenly between husband and wife.

Nuclear family

The smallest group of individuals( mother, father, and children) that can be called a family.

Homogamy

The tendency to marry someone similar to oneself based on personal preference.

Sandwich generation

The term applied to adults caught between caring for their parents and caring for the family they formed after leaving home.

Symbolic Interaction and Family

This is the micro perspective, a ley to understanding interactions among family members and in the meanings that members assign to these interactions. Socialization begins in the family, but relationships within the family are constantly being redefined.

Patrilocal residence

When a married couple is expected to live with the husband's parents.

Matrilocal residence

When a married couple is expected to love with the wife's parents.

Neolocal residence

When a newly married couple establishes a residence separate from either of their parents.