Uppers 7-12

For an AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method), the 1. patient's midcoronal plane is rotated to a 45 degree angle with the IR 2. central ray is centered 1 inch inferior to coracoid 3. patient is rotated toward the affected shoulder

1, 2 and 3 1. patient's midcoronal plane is rotated to a 45 degree angle with the IR 2. central ray is centered 1 inch inferior to coracoid 3. patient is rotated toward the affected shoulder

Which of the following must be demonstrated on all radiographs of the thumb? 1.distal and proximal phalanges 2.MCP and CMC joints 3.trapezium

1,2&3 1.distal and proximal phalanges 2.MCP and CMC joints 3.trapezium

The lateral projection of the forearm should clearly demonstrate which of the following? 1.elbow joint 2.radius and unla 3.proximal row of carpal bones

1,2&3 1.elbow joint 2.radius and unla 3.proximal row of carpal bones

Which of the following should be on the same plane for a lateral projection of the elbow? 1.wrist joint 2.elbow joint 3.shoulder joint

1,2&3 1.wrist joint 2.elbow joint 3.shoulder joint

How many degrees is the central ray angled for the AP forearm? A. 0 B. 5 C. 10 D. 15

A. 0

For an AP projection of the shoulder, the central ray should enter: A. 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process B. 1 inch inferior to the acromion process C. 2 inches inferior to the coracoid process D. 2 inches inferior to the acromion

A. 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process

Which of the following projections will demonstrate the distal and radius and ulna completely superimposing? A. Lateral Wrist B. PA Wrist C. Internal Oblique Wrist D. External Oblique Wrist

A. Lateral Wrist

Which of the following bones is the wider in the distal forearm region? A. Radius B. Ulna

A. Radius

A poorly positioned AP humerus does not demonstrate the greater tubercles in profile. When looking at the distal humerus and elbow, it is evident that the coronoid process of the ulna is visualized in profile. What is the positioning error? A. The arm is internally rotated B. The arm is too externally rotated C. There is no positioning error.

A. The arm is internally rotated

Which of the following structures of the scapula is most anterior? A. coracoid process B. acromion process C. subscapular fossa D. infraspinous fossa

A. coracoid process

Which of the following is prominently shown in profile on an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in internal rotation? A. lesser tubercle B. greater tubercle C. glenoid cavity D. acromioclavicular joint

A. lesser tubercle

A less than optimal AP elbow projection demonstrating the ulna without radial head superimposition A. was obtained with the elbow in external rotation B. was obtained with the hand pronated C. was obtained with the elbow in internal rotation

A. was obtained with the elbow in external rotation

How many degrees should the elbow be angled for an AP oblique projection in the medial rotation? A. 35 degrees B. 45 degrees C. 55 degrees D. 90 degrees

B. 45 degrees

For the lateral projection of the forearm, the elbow should be flexed: A. 45 degrees B. 90 degrees C. 120 degrees D. 90-120 degrees

B. 90 degrees

Which of the following joint classifications are the Sternoclavicular and Acromioclavicular Articulations? A. Ellipsoidal B. Gliding C. Spheroidal D. Hinge

B. Gliding

Which of the following statements is true about PA oblique finger projections? A. Phalanges demonstrate equal concavity B. Phalanges demonstrate more concavity on one side than the other C. Phalanges demonstrate concavity on one side and convexity on the other

B. Phalanges demonstrate more concavity on one side than the other

At Mayo, when positioning for AP and lateral projections of the humerus, the patient is rolled 15 degrees toward the affected side. Which of the following statements best describes the reason this is done? A. Rolling the patient 15 degrees toward the affected side opens up the glenohumeral joint completely. B. Rolling the patient 15 degrees towards the affected side brings the proximal humerus closer to the image receptor, thus placing the humerus bone more parallel with the image receptor. C. Mayo does not roll the patient 15 degrees towards the affected side.

B. Rolling the patient 15 degrees towards the affected side brings the proximal humerus closer to the image receptor, thus placing the humerus bone more parallel with the image receptor.

What is the relationship of the radius and ulna on a properly positioned AP elbow or forearm radiograph? A. The radius is completely superimposing the ulna B. The radius is slightly superimposing the ulna C. They are free from superimposition

B. The radius is slightly superimposing the ulna

Which of the following structures of the scapula is most lateral? A. coracoid process B. acromion process C. glenoid cavity

B. acromion process

Which of the following would be projected free of superimposition for an AP oblique projection of the elbow with medial rotation? A. lateral epicondyle B. coronoid process C. olecranon process D. olecranon fossa

B. coronoid process

Which of the following is prominently shown "in profile" on an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in external rotation? A. lesser tubercle B. greater tubercle C. scapulohumeral joint D. acromioclavicular joint

B. greater tubercle

The clavicle is classified as a (n): A. short bone B. long bone C. flat bone D. irregular bone

B. long bone

Which of the following is demonstrated free of superimposition on an AP oblique projection of the elbow in external (lateral) rotation? A. coronoid process B. radial head and neck

B. radial head and neck

A poorly positioned lateromedial hand demonstrates the distal radius posterior to the ulna and the shortest of the 2nd-5h metacarpals situated anterior to the remaining metacarpals. What is the positioning error? A. There is no positioning error B. the hand is too externally (laterally) rotated C. the hand is too internally (medially) rotated

B. the hand is too externally (laterally) rotated

A mispositioned PA oblique radiograph of the 3rd digit demonstrates soft tissue from the 2nd and 4th digits overlapping the phalanges of the 3rd digit. What is the positioning error? A. The finger is flexed B.The digits were not separated enough C.There is no positioning error

B.The digits were not separated enough

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa? A. lateral B. AP, partial flexion C. AP oblique with internal (medial) rotation

C. AP oblique with internal (medial) rotation

A mispositioned PA finger radiograph demonstrates a foreshortened distal and middle phalanges as well as closed DIP and PIP joints. What was the positioning error? A.The finger was externally rotated B. The finger was internally rotated C. The finger was flexed

C. The finger was flexed

A poorly positioned PA wrist radiograph demonstrates the distal radius superimposing the distal ulna. The carpals on the medial side of the wrist as well as the bases of the 3rd-5th metacarpals are superimposing and the trapeziotrapezoidal joint space is demonstrated open. What is the positioning error? A. There is no positioning error, the anatomy is demonstrated appropriately. B. The hand is internally (medially) rotated C. The hand is externally (laterally) rotated

C. The hand is externally (laterally) rotated

A lateral elbow radiograph demonstrates the radial head anterior in relation to the coronoid process. What is the positioning error? A. The shoulder, elbow and wrist joint are not on the same plane. The wrist is too low. B. The shoulder, elbow and wrist joint are not on the same plane. The wrist is too high. C. The shoulder, elbow and wrist joint are not on the same plane. The shoulder is too low. D. The shoulder, elbow and wrist joint are not on the same plane. The shoulder is too high.

C. The shoulder, elbow and wrist joint are not on the same plane. The shoulder is too low.

Which of the following statements is true when positioning for a lateral hand? A.The digits must be flexed. B.The thumb must be depressed and just anterior to the 2nd metacarpal. C. The thumb must abducted so that it is freed from superimposition of the 2nd metacarpal.

C. The thumb must abducted so that it is freed from superimposition of the 2nd metacarpal.

A mispositioned lateral forearm demonstrates the distal radius posterior to the distal ulna. What is the positioning error? A. The elbow is not flexed 90 degrees B. The wrist is internally (medially) rotated C. The wrist is externally (laterally) rotated

C. The wrist is externally (laterally) rotated

A lateral humerus radiograph demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile medially. The greater tubercle is not demonstrated well, because it is projecting anteriorly and superimposed by the humeral head. What is the positioning error? A. The arm is internally rotated B. The arm is externally rotated C. There is no positioning error

C. There is no positioning error

The trapezium is demonstrated without superimposition of the second metacarpal on a lateral wrist projection when the patient A. externally rotates the wrist slightly from lateral B. hyperextends the wrist C. depresses the first metacarpal

C. depresses the first metacarpal

How should the humerus be positioned for a non-trauma inferosuperior axial projection of the shoulder joint? A. neutral rotation B. internal rotation C. external rotation

C. external rotation

Which of the following is shown in profile on a lateral projection of the humerus? A. capitulum B. glenoid cavity C. lesser tubercle D. greater tubercle

C. lesser tubercle

Which of the following is shown in profile on a lateral projection of the elbow? A. trochlea B. capitulum C. olecranon process D. humeral epicondyles

C. olecranon process

The supraspinous and infraspinous fossae are separated by which of the following? A. acromion process B. coracoid process C. spine of scapula D. scapular notch

C. spine of scapula

Which border of the scapula contains the scapular notch? A. medial border B. lateral border C. superior border

C. superior border

For the AP projection of the elbow, the hand is: A. placed in the lateral position B. placed in the 45 degree oblique position C. supinated D. pronated

C. supinated

Which of the following positions of the hand will place the epicondyles parallel with the plane of the IR? A. lateral B. prone C. supine D. 45 degree oblique

C. supine

How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the shoulder joint? A. 20 degrees toward the affected side B. 20 degrees away from the affected side C. 45 degrees away from the affected side D. 45 degrees toward the affected side

D. 45 degrees toward the affected side

How far should the arm be abducted for an inferosuperior axial projection of the shoulder joint? A. 15 degrees B. 30 degrees C. 45 degrees D. 90 degrees

D. 90 degrees

Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the humerus? A. elbow joint B. shoulder joint C. surgical neck D. midpoint of humerus

D. midpoint of humerus

For an AP projection of the forearm, the hand is: A.placed in the lateral position B.placed in a 45 degree oblique position C. pronated D. supinated

D. supinated

The digits must be flexed excessively when positioning for a PA wrist radiograph in order to demonstrate the CMC joints open. True/False

False, If the digits are flexed too much when positioning for a PA wrist radiograph, the bases of the metacarpals obscure the CMC joints. The CMC joints must be demonstrated open on PA wrist radiographs, and this is accomplished by avoiding excessive flexion of the digits.

The hand should should be pronated when performing a lateral elbow projection (book away)? True/False

False, The hand is suppose to be in a lateral position when performing a lateral elbow projection (book way). At Mayo, the hand is pronated when performing a lateral elbow projection. The rotation of the hand affects what direction the radial tuberosity points. When the hand is pronated, the radial tuberosity points posteriorly. When the hand is in a lateral position, the radial tuberosity points anteriorly.

A properly positioned lateral forearm radiograph will demonstrate the radial tuberosity pointing posteriorly. True/False

False, A properly positioned lateral forearm radiograph will demonstrate the radial tuberosity pointing anteriorly as long as the wrist is truly lateral. If the hand were mispositioned (pronated) the radial tuberosity would be demonstrated posteriorly.

A PA oblique hand radiograph with proper positioning will demonstrate the head and the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals superimposing. True/False

False, A properly positioned oblique hand radiograph will demonstrate the heads of the 3-5 metacarpals slightly superimposed. The 2nd and 3rd metacarpal heads must be free from superimposition. If the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal heads are superimposed the hand was externally (laterally) rotated too much.

The shoulder girdle is comprised of the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. True/False

False, the humerus is not part of the shoulder girdle

A PA hand radiograph must include from the distal phalanges through in inch of the distal radius and ulna. True/False

True

A properly positioned PA hand radiograph will demonstrate equal concavity on both sides of the phalanges and metacarpals of digits 2-5. True/False

True

A properly positioned lateral elbow will demonstrate superimposed humeral epicondyles. True/False

True

The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. True/False

True

To properly position for a lateral elbow radiograph, the wrist joint, elbow joint, and shoulder joints must be in the same plane. If they are not positioned in the same plane, the radius will shift to the joint that is situated inferior (too low). True/False

True