Sociology Chapter 12
serial monogamy.
A form of marriage in which a person is married to several spouses over a lifetime but to only one spouse at a time is called
nucleas
A nuclear family can be described as the ______, or core, on which larger family groups are built. Multiple choice question.
polyandry.
A variation of polygamy in which a woman has more than one husband at the same time is called
conflict
According to ______ theorists, the family is the basis for transferring power, property, and privilege from one generation to the next.
functionalist
According to the ______ perspective, the government has an interest in encouraging adoption.
encouraging people to marry within their own racial, ethnic, or religious group.
An example of endogamy is
It has doubled.
Between 1980 and the 2018, how has the number of childless women changed?
kinship
Black and Native American families draw on large ______ networks to help in times of hardship.
one-third
By 2013, about ______ of U.S. households consisted of a nuclear family.
marriage
Cohabitation can best be defined as living together without a legal
the inequality of wealth and power that is found in the larger society.
Conflict theorists view the family not as a contributor to social stability but as a reflection of
differ between cultures
Family patterns
About twice as many custodial mothers live in poverty.
Following divorce, how does the percentage of custodial mothers living in poverty compare with the percentage of custodial fathers living in economic hardship?
are now handled by other social institutions.
Functionalist William F. Ogburn argued that many of the original functions of the family
cohabitation
If John and Mary decide to move in together but do not yet want to get married, their arrangement is an example of
an extended
If Mary lives with her grandmother, parents, aunt, cousins, and siblings, she is a member of ______ family.
incest
If a brother and sister married in the United States they would be guilty of
homogamy.
If a person selects a mate who has a similar personal characteristics and similar cultural interests, that person is engaging in
They were no higher.
In Andrew J. Cherlin's study of stepfamilies, how did the levels of wellbeing of stepchildren compare to those of single-parent households?
patriarchy
In a(n) ______, the eldest male wields the greatest power.
whites
In terms of total numbers, the majority of unmarried teenage mothers in the United States are
ethnicity
In the United States, variations in family lifestyles are associated with social class, race, and
a love relationship
In the United States, what is usually seen as the biggest priority when deciding to marry?
the children have fewer behavior problems, get along better with others, and are more responsible.
Interactionist researchers found that, in both Black and White two-parent households, when fathers are more involved with their children
micro
Interactionists focus on the ______ level of family and other intimate relationships.
polygyny; polyandry
Marriage of a man to more than one woman at the same time is ______, and marriage of a woman to more than one man at the same time is ______.
*Extended Family = A family in which relatives such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles live in the same home as parents and their children *Monogamy = A form of marriage in which a two people are married only to each other *Nuclear family = A married couple with unmarried children living at home *Polyandry = A form of marriage in which a woman has several husbands at the same time *Polygamy = A form of marriage in which a person has several husbands or wives at the same time *Polygyny = A form of marriage in which a man has several wives at the same time *Serial monogamy = Having a number of spouses in a lifetime but only one spouse at a time
Match
Bilateral descent = Both sides of the person's family are equally important Matrilineal descent = Only the mother's relatives are significant Patrilineal descent = Only the father's relatives are significant
Match
Egalitarian = Partners have equal access to resources and decision-making. Matriarchy = Women have greater authority than men in family decision-making. Patriarchy = Males dominate all family decision-making.
Match
Endogamy = Prohibits marriage with those outside a specified group Exogamy = Requires mate selection outside certain groups, usually one's own family or kinfolk Homogamy = The tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics similar to one's own Incest taboo = Prohibits sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives
Match
nuclear
Most people in the United States regard the ______ family as the preferred type of family arrangement.
married couple
Over the past 50 years, which of the following household types has steadily decreased as a percentage of all households in the United States?
people of color those in the working class those who reject the idea of the nuclear family
Select All That Apply... What groups within the queer community do scholars feel deserve special focus?
Lack of clear and helpful guidelines for successful parenthood Limited learning during pregnancy A short transition time from pregnancy to parenthood Little "training" for parenthood
Select all that apply... According to Alice Rossi, what are four factors that complicate the transition to parenthood?
socialization. protection. regulation of sexual behavior. affection and companionship.
Select all that apply... According to the functionalist view, the family performs six important functions, including
they suffer from low self-esteem and believe they have nothing to lose. having a baby provides purpose and a sense of motivation.
Select all that apply... According to the interactionist perspective, low-income teenage girls might want to have children because
varied across cultures. varied within cultures. a universal function.
Select all that apply... Caring for children is
surviving the crises often associated with a life of poverty. disproportionate numbers of single-parent households. struggling to pay the bills.
Select all that apply... Challenges faced by lower-class families include
the decline in the proportion of people of marriageable age. the aging of the baby boomer population.
Select all that apply... Divorce began to decline in many countries in the 1980s because of
revising the thinking that families with no adult male are dysfunctional. single-parent households. households in which the wife earns more than the husband.
Select all that apply... Feminist theorists contribute to research on
Her cousin Her in-laws Her uncle
Select all that apply... If Mary is from the United States, we would expect her to list which of the following as part of her kinship network?
of economic need. both partners wish to pursue careers.
Select all that apply... More and more couples are becoming dual-income families because
desolate, rural areas. reservations. inner cities.
Select all that apply... The impact of lower income has especially affected the family lives of people living in
A married couple with unmarried children living at home A man and the several women to whom he is married A woman and the several men to whom she is married A single parent with married children living at home
Select all that apply... Theoretically, the term family is applicable to which of the following?
Wives are becoming less dependent on their husbands for income. Most states have adopted more liberal divorce laws, such as no-fault divorce. It is no longer considered necessary to endure an unhappy marriage.
Select all that apply... What are some of the factors that have contributed to the social acceptance of divorce?
They do not believe that reproduction is a duty. They do not want to take on the expense of raising children.
Select all that apply... What are some of the reasons that couples choose to remain childless in their marriages?
More and more couples are deciding to form partnerships without marriage. People are postponing marriage until later in life. Marriage has lost some of its social significance as a rite of passage.
Select all that apply... What are some of the reasons that the marriage rate has declined since the 1960s?
Kin may come together only on special occasions. Families generally interact on a daily basis.
Select all that apply... What are the major differences between family and kin?
religious permission parental approval economic advantage
Select all that apply... What are the most important factors in arranged marriages?
societal conventions personal preferences cultural norms
Select all that apply... What factors influence romantic attraction and mate selection in the United States?
Divorce Inability to afford housing Inability to find a job
Select all that apply... What factors might cause adult children to return to live with their parents?
Adoption Single-parent families Parenthood
Select all that apply... Which is part of a pattern of child rearing in a family?
The process seems to be taking longer today than in the past. Personal concerns about financial security have contributed to delay in the age of marriage.
Select all that apply... Which of the following statements about trends in mate selection in the United States are true?
*Extended families have the advantage of forming a larger economic unit for a family farm or business. *Extended families are better able to provide support to family members in times of crisis.
Select all that apply... Which of the following statements are true about extended families in comparison with nuclear families?
divorce can benefit children by reducing their exposure to conflict. divorce can be harder for children to take than living with an unhappy marriage.
Select all that apply.... In some studies of the impacts of divorce on children, the findings show that
Lesbian and gay marriage has only been legal since 2015. There is a lack of credible research. There have been wide differences in state laws about lesbian and gay marriage.
Select all that apply.... What factors complicate the availability of accurate statistics on lesbian and gay divorce?
To be free from limiting oneself to one lifetime partner To remain independent
Select all that apply.... Which of the following are likely reasons why persons may choose to remain single?
turned to the same books, magazines, and television shows for advice on child rearing.
Sociological research shows that in recent decades, differences in family life among social classes have become less pronounced because more families from all social classes
less health care.
Studies suggest that children raised in families with stepmothers are more likely to have
interactionist
The ______ perspective focuses on the family at the micro level, looking at things such as the role parents might play in their children's school performance.
egalitarian
The existence of families in which the spouses live separately for work-related reasons shows acceptance of the ______ family type.
endogamy
The form of mate selection that requires that marriage occur between people belonging to the same group but prohibiting unions between people from different groups is called
endogamy.
The form of mate selection that requires that marriage occur between people belonging to the same group but prohibiting unions between people from different groups is called
may only come together once in a while for major events.
The main difference between families and kin groups is that a family is a daily household unit, whereas kin groups
adoption
The process of transferring the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents is called
kinship
The state of being related to others, known as ______, is culturally learned and not totally determined by marital or biological ties.
kinship
The state of being related to others, known as ______, is culturally learned and not totally determined by marital or biological ties. Multiple choice question.
family
The term _____ is the substantive definition of a set of people related by blood, adoption, marriage, or some other agreed-upon relationship who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.
not clearly defined.
The way to produce healthy, well-adjusted offspring is
true
True or False: Sociologists refer to the family as universal because it is found in every culture.
true
True or false: Family patterns differ from one culture to another and even within the same culture. True false question.
false
True or false: Marriage today is the presumed route from adolescence to adulthood.
true
True or false: Sociologists in the United States study the variations in social class, race, and ethnicity to gain an understanding of family styles.
Polygyny and polyandry
What are the two basic types of polygamy?
Growing economic independence of young people
What factor has led to the trend toward maintaining a single lifestyle for a longer period?
a growing social acceptance of divorce
What has been the result of an increasing liberalization in divorce laws in the United States?
Like marries like.
What is the basic principle of homogamy?
Women are socially devalued.
What is the status of women in most polyandrous cultures?
Only high-status men have more than one wife.
What is true of most cultures that practice polygyny?
more than 95%
What percentage of American men and women get married at least once?
boomerang kids
What term is used to describe adult children who return to their parents' home for economic or emotional reasons?
polygyny.
When a man is married to more than one woman at the same time, he is practicing
matrilineal
When doing genealogy, if Mary only focuses on her mother's side as important in identifying kin, she is looking at ______ descent.
Because it compares all divorces with only new marriages.
When media sources report that one out of two marriages ends in divorce, why is the statistic misleading?
Monogamy
Which of the following describes a marriage consisting of only two partners?
monogamy
Which of the following describes a marriage consisting of only two partners?
online dating services
Which of the following is a new factor in modern courtship?
Matching people with those who are different from them
Which of the following is not an example of homogamy?
Feminist
Which of the following perspectives most heavily focuses on the effects of gender on the dynamics of marriage and the family as a social institution?
More than half of all divorced people in the United States have remarried.
Which of the following statements about divorce is true?
Exogamy
Which societal norm requires mate selection outside certain groups, usually one's own family or certain kinfolk?
conflict
Which sociological perspective stresses the impact of social class on the process of childhood socialization?
Incest taboo
Which term defines the prohibition of sexual relations between certain culturally specified relatives?
Women usually retain custody of the children.
Why are women less likely to remarry than men are?
exogamy
______ is the form of mate selection that requires marriage to someone outside of certain groups (usually one's own family or specified kinfolk).
