Sociology- Chapter 4: Social Structure and Interaction

The concept anomie can be defined as: A) A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness. B) How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group C) A person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests D) When one or more of an individual's roles clash.

A) A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity? A) A Ford Motors employee assembling taillights on an assembly line B) A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama C) A fast-food employee putting burgers into their buns D)A toll-booth employee collecting toll change

B) A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama

Which of the following is an example of role strain? A) Derek attends law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming the next John Grisham. B)Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive. C) Alex takes a sabbatical from his job as a professor of Molecular Biology to raise his two young children D)Krista lands a role on Days of Our Lives and begins receiving fan mail from fans across the country.

B) Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.

Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society. A) The iron cage B) Collective Conscience C) Bourgeoisie D) Anomie

B) Collective Conscience

On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of ______. A) Institutionalization B) Role Performance C) Role Strain D) Ascribed Status

B) Role Performance

The term institutionalization can be defined as: A)The idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit. B) The act of implanting a convention or norm into society C)A status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income. D)Responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society.

B) The act of implanting a convention or norm into society

Rationalization

a belief that modern society should be built around logic and efficiency rather than morality or tradition

Society

a group of people who live in a definable community and share the same culture

False Conscience

a person's beliefs and ideology that are in conflict with her best interests

Iron Cage

a situation in which an individual is trapped by social institutions

Anomie

a situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness

Role Conflict

a situation when one or more of an individual's roles clash

Organic Solidarity

a type of social order based around an acceptance of economic and social differences

Mechanical Solidarity

a type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture

Capitalism

a way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) are owned by individual people and companies rather than by the government

Role-set

an array of roles attached to a particular status

Self-fulfilling prophecy

an idea that becomes true when acted upon

Alienation

an individual's isolation from his society, his work, and his sense of self

Horticultural Societies

societies based around the cultivation of plants

Pastoral Societies

societies based around the domestication of animals

Information Societies

societies based on the production of nonmaterial goods and services

Industrial Societies

societies characterized by a reliance on mechanized labor to create material goods

Hunter-gatherer Societies

societies that depend on hunting wild animals and gathering uncultivated plants for survival

Feudal Societies

societies that operate on a strict hierarchical system of power based around land ownership and protection

Agricultural Societies

societies that rely on farming as a way of life

Role Strain

stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role

Institutionalization

the act of implanting a convention or norm into society

Class Consciousness

the awareness of one's rank in society

Collective Conscience

the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society

Role Performance

the expression of a role

Habitualization

the idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit

Proletariat

the laborers in a society

Bourgeoisie

the owners of the means of production in a society

Status

the responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to his or her rank and role in society

Achieved Status

the status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income

Ascribed Status

the status outside of an individual's control, such as sex or race

___ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer. A) Industrial B) Feudal C)Agricultural D) Hunter-Gatherer

C) Agricultural

Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______. A) Achieved status B) The Thomas Theorem C) Ascribed status D) The looking-glass self

C) Ascribed Status

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation? A) Alienation from the product of one's labor B) Alienation from one's self C) Alienation from others D)Alienation from one's religion

D) Alienation from one's religion

Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ____ perspective. A) Functionalism B) Symbolic Interactionism C) Institutionalism D) Conflict Theory

D) Conflict Theory

Thomas Theorem

how a subjective reality can drive events to develop in accordance with that reality, despite being originally unsupported by objective reality

Social Integration

how strongly a person is connected to his or her social group

Looking-glass self

our reflection of how we think we appear to others

Roles

patterns of behavior that are representative of a person's social status