Sociology Chapter exam 9

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions. ~denied the opportunity to obtain ~encouraged to train for ~often fired from ~forced into

denied the opportunity to obtain

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers: ~must labor alone, without companionship ~do not feel connected to their work ~move from one geographical location to another ~have to put forth self-effort to get ahead

do not feel connected to their work

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would: ~receive the same pay as all the other physician's assistants ~be encouraged to earn a higher degree to seek a better position ~most likely marry a professional at the same level ~earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who: ~are ambitious ~fund social services ~spend money wisely ~get rich while workers stay poor

get rich while workers stay poor

In the United States, most people define themselves as: ~middle class ~upper class ~lower class ~no specific class

middle class

Occupational prestige means that jobs are: ~all equal in status ~not equally valued ~assigned to a person for life ~not part of a person's self-identity

not equally valued

Social stratification is a system that: ~ranks society members into categories ~destroys competition between society members ~allows society members to choose their social standing ~reflects personal choices of society members

ranks society members into categories

The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification: ~is an outdated mode of societal organization ~is an artificial reflection of society ~serves a purpose in society ~cannot be justified

serves a purpose in society

The GNI PPP figure represents: ~a country's total accumulated wealth ~annual government spending ~the average annual income of a country's citizens ~a country's debt

the average annual income of a country's citizens

Which statement illustrates low status consistency? ~A suburban family lives in a modest ranch home and enjoys a nice vacation each summer. ~A single mother receives food stamps and struggles to find adequate employment. ~A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year. ~A celebrity actress owns homes in three countries.

A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.

Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism? ~Men often earn more than women, even working the same job. ~After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant. ~Doctors earn more money because their job is more highly valued. ~Teachers continue to struggle to keep benefits such as health insurance.

After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intragenerational mobility? ~A janitor belongs to the same social class as his grandmother did. ~An executive belongs to a different class than her parents. ~An editor shares the same social class as his cousin. ~A lawyer belongs to a different class than her sister.

An executive belongs to a different class than her parents.

Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States? ~First-shift factory worker ~First-generation college student ~Firstborn son who inherits the family business ~First-time interviewee who is hired for a job

First-generation college student

What factor makes caste systems closed? -They are run by secretive governments. -People cannot change their social standings. -Most have been outlawed. -They exist only in rural areas.

People cannot change their social standings

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility? ~Caste ~Monarchy ~Endogamy ~Class

class

Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification? ~Pie chart ~ Flag poles ~Planetary movement ~Pyramid

Pyramid

What factor makes class systems open? ~They allow for movement between the classes. ~People are more open-minded. ~People are encouraged to socialize within their class. ~They do not have clearly defined layers.

They allow for movement between the classes.

Structural mobility occurs when: ~an individual moves up the class ladder ~an individual moves down the class ladder ~a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes ~a member of a family belongs to a different class than his or her siblings

a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as: ~class traits ~power ~prestige ~underclass

class traits