Sociology Exam 2
Which of the following is a micro-level socialization activity? - reading a religious text (e.g., the Koran or the Bible) - "playing house" with a small group of friends - watching a nationally syndicated TV advertisement for luxury cars - none of these
"playing house" with a small group of friendsThe looking-glass self refers primarily to an individual's feelings of self-worth.
According to the Uniform Crime Reports, in the United States, hate crimes account for ______ of total criminal offenses. 41.5% 31.5% 21.5% 11.5%
11.5%
The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 allows - 12 weeks of paid leave for the birth of a baby or adoption only - 12 weeks of unpaid leave for the care of a family member or because of the serious medical condition of the employee - 6 weeks of unpaid leave for the care of a family member or because of the serious medical condition of the employee - 6 weeks of paid and 6 weeks of unpaid leave for the care of a family member
12 weeks of unpaid leave for the care of a family member or because of the serious medical condition of the employee
According to a recent study of 26 nations, the United States ranked ______ for women's employment conditions. first second 12th 17th
17th
In the 2012 presidential election, a higher percentage than normal of eligible U.S. voters turned out: ______. 70% 58.7% 50% 40%
58.7%
In class, we discussed two windows of opportunity, which, if neglected children pass, they will never develop social skills. What is the end approximate age for each of these two windows? First window, second window 6, 10 6, 13 11, 13 2, 11 2, 6
6, 13
In the world today, an estimated ____ million adults and ____ million youth cannot read or write and have no experience with technology. 757; 115 117; 90 25; 9 700; 397
757; 115
The most recent statistics indicate that of all eligible children in the world, ______ were enrolled in primary school and ______ in secondary school. 91%; 75% 99%; 95% 50%; 40% 40%; 50%
91%; 75%
The reasons cited by the textbook for high voter turnout—58.7% in the 2012 presidential election—include all of the following EXCEPT this: - higher African American turnout - higher Latino turnout - (NO) higher turnout among the population under 30 years old - higher turnout among baby boomers
???
Which of the following statements about the selection of names for children is true? - Girls are more often given strong, hard names that end in consonants. - Boys' names are given to girls only when the names are feminized. - A name that is traditionally for males may, for a time, be given to either sex, then preferred for girls. - none of these
A name that is traditionally for males may, for a time, be given to either sex, then preferred for girls.
All of the following are components of many commonly held beliefs EXCEPT this: - Most of the differences in the behavior of women and men are based on "human nature"; men and women are simply very different from each other. - Racial groupings are based on biological differences among people. - A person can be seen as one race in Brazil and another in the United States. - Most marriages in the United States do not last.
A person can be seen as one race in Brazil and another in the United States.
Which of the following apply to Scientific Knowledge? - It must be based on measurable phenomena - It includes personal bias - Research that does not support what is being tested does not need to be reported - It is objective - None of the above - A and D above
A&D above: It must be based on measurable phenomena It is objective
The following statement about immigration in the U.S. is false: - About 13% of the current population is born outside the U.S. - Among the Black population, the foreign born have tripled in number since 1980. - About 40% of the current population is born outside the U.S. - Today, 8.7% of the U.S. Black population is foreign born, and about half are from the Caribbean.
About 40% of the current population is born outside the U.S.
Please identify the following example that demonstrates a qualitative observation under scientific research: - The median American household salary is $52,000/year - After attending a music concert, an experimenter interviewed those listening on how they felt after hearing an original, new piece vs. after hearing a piece from a famous composer - After completing the chemistry experiment, it was found that 5/6 test tubes formed a soluble solution mixture - All of these answers are correct
After attending a music concert, an experimenter interviewed those listening on how they felt after hearing an original, new piece vs. after hearing a piece from a famous composer
Recent studies show all of the following EXCEPT this: - A college education is a major factor in high incomes. - A college education serves as protection against economic recessions. - Even with a college education, there is a huge difference in average incomes depending on the race of the person. - After controlling for education level, income is the same across racial groups.
After controlling for education level, income is the same across racial groups.
Based off our in-class conversation on Cosplay, select which of the following describes cosplay: - Dressing up as a fictional character - Small local groups or small/large conventions - Makes own costumes or purchases from individuals/companies - Some professional cosplayers - All of the above
All of the Above
Which of the following is characteristic of a social science such as sociology? - It is considered a "soft" science - It is a science based on predictions and assumptions on human behavior - It is complex and ever-changing; as humans adapt to the world, under new environments, from new stress, etc. - All of these answers correctly describe social sciences and sociology
All of these answers correctly describe social sciences and sociology
In the study of the Saints and the Roughnecks, Chambliss found all of the following EXCEPT this: - Social status determines how individuals are treated. - The boys engaged in deviant behaviors that made sense for their social positions. - Labeling someone a "deviant" can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. - All youth who commit crimes are treated equally.
All youth who commit crimes are treated equally.
What of the following is NOT an important characteristic of role taking in development? - Allows individuals to act against what's expected of them, avoiding keeping actions in line with other social groups - Makes it possible to learn from others - Essential for successful communication - Allows us to understand the emotions of others in addition to their actions
Allows individuals to act against what's expected of them, avoiding keeping actions in line with other social groups
______ refer to new approaches that have developed to deal with some of the dysfunctions of bureaucracy. - Alternative organization structures - Informal institutions - Secondary groups - Informal structures -- no
Alternative organization structures
Anna is a single mother of two children. Her children's father does not pay child support regularly. Brad is a single father of two children as well. His ex-wife does not pay child support regularly, either. Both Anna and Brad have the same level of education and the same job. Which of the following is most likely true? - Anna is more likely to be poor than Brad. - Brad is more likely to be poor than Anna. - Both Anna and Brad are equally likely to be poor. - Neither Anna nor Brad is likely to be poor.
Anna is more likely to be poor than Brad.
According to the text, in which of the following countries is it a violation of the law to fail to vote? the United States Canada Australia China
Australia
When you have been victimized due to domestic violence, the best course of action is: - reason with your partner - they are actually very nice, only a bit stressed out at the moment - Leave (preferably with an exit plan) - call the authorities to get them some help - Both B&C
Both B&C
Which is the highest social caste in India's caste system? Kshatriyas Rajputs Dalits Brahmans
Brahmans
According to ______, there is an invisible but interlocking power elite in U.S. society. Max Weber Karl Marx C. Wright Mills Robert Michels
C. Wright Mills
In the video we watched in class, "A Tale of 2 Schools: Race and Education", which of the following was not one of the differences/similarities talked about? - Types of security in the schools - Roles of the Faculty - Comparison of white senior students - College enrollment rate
Comparison of white senior students
The Hindu religion holds that individuals are born into one of four varnas or into a fifth group below the caste system, known as the ______. Brahmans Sudras Dalits Rajputs
Dalits
Which of the following is NOT correct about deviance? - People with certain characteristics are more likely to be defined as deviant. - Deviance is socially constructed. - Deviants always purposely and knowingly break the law. - Deviance is not related to "human nature."
Deviants always purposely and knowingly break the law.
In our class discussion about culture change, Dr. Smith gave us several ways that culture can change. ________ is the moving of cultural items from one culture to another. Invention Transmission Innovation Diffusion Discovery
Diffusion
The song "Despacito" was originally only in Spanish by Luis Fonsi. Later, Justin Bieber and Fonsi collaborated and meshed Despacito with the English language. When considering how culture is taught or how culture moves between societies, what does the above example represent? Invention Innovation Transmission Diffusion
Diffusion
Conflict theory states all of the following EXCEPT this: - Conflict is inevitable in society. - Social change is desirable. - The strong exert their values over the weak. - Each major part of society serves a role.
Each major part of society serves a role.
Based on the work that has been done in Africa, how could the United States improve political representation among women? - Encourage proportional representation. - Become a more patriarchal culture. - End all quota and affirmative action systems. - Discourage women from applying for lower-level offices.
Encourage proportional representation.
T/F: A nation's geographic location has little impact on the opportunities available to individuals in that nation.
False
T/F: According to conflict theory, the educational system is equally beneficial to all citizens in society.
False
T/F: According to recent studies, girls perform less well than boys in the field of math.
False
T/F: According to the text, no-fault divorce laws have had little or no effect on divorce rates.
False
T/F: According to the text, the nation with the highest percentage of women in the national parliament or congress is Denmark.
False
T/F: At home or with close friends with whom we are more intimate, we engage in front-stage behavior.
False
T/F: Authoritarian regimes headed by dictators have been rare forms in the world.
False
T/F: Bloggers in Iran have been sentenced to death after their online writings displeased the government. This is an example of the anomie theory of deviance.
False
T/F: Conflict is an essential aspect of the continuation of any society. Through this method, members of a society learn the thoughts and actions needed to survive in their society.
False
T/F: Deviance is always problematic for society.
False
T/F: Durkheim found that personal despair always motivates suicide.
False
T/F: External controls are always formalized.
False
T/F: Free-choice mate selection is found only in the Western world.
False
T/F: Providing an opportunity for peer cultures to develop is a manifest function of education.
False
T/F: Rates of incarceration in the United States are decreasing.
False
T/F: Situation Couple Violence (Common Couple Violence) is about the need for power and control.
False
T/F: The Internet is a way to break down gender barriers because women and men use it in equal amounts and in equal ways.
False
T/F: The definition of Blackness in the United States has always been that an individual is Black if at least one or more of the person's parents is Black.
False
T/F: The family in which individuals are born and raised is called the family of procreation.
False
T/F: The looking-glass self refers primarily to an individual's feelings of self-worth.
False
Which of the following is the stage in Mead's stages of development where role taking increases to multiple roles? Play Stage Game Stage Cognitive Stage Preparatory Stage
Game Stage
Which of the following statements about gender roles is false? - Gender roles are socially constructed. - Gender roles are designed to meet the needs of each society. - Gender roles are created by human beings. - Gender roles are the same throughout the world.
Gender roles are the same throughout the world.
_______ is the social expectations/roles and self-identification and expression. ______ is the designation given at birth, based on one's apparent reproductive anatomy. Sex; Gender Male; female Sex; sex Gender; sex
Gender; sex
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of poverty? - Higher BMI - Higher educational performance - Behavioral issues - Chronic stress
Higher educational performance
The gap between the percentage of women and men entering college right after high school is highest for ______. Whites Hispanics Blacks Asians
Hispanics
According to the text, the role expectations of anyone in the status of student can be complicated by all of the following variables EXCEPT this one: ethnicity gender sexual orientation IQ score
IQ score?
How does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance? - Individuals are not labeled "deviant" unless they commit secondary deviance. - Individuals do not begin to take on a deviant identity until they commit primary deviance. - Primary deviance is the violation of a norm, but secondary deviance is a violation of a law. - Secondary deviance is always a less serious form of deviance.
Individuals are not labeled "deviant" unless they commit secondary deviance.
Which of the following is most common in societies in which nuclear families are the predominant family form? - Individuals live in urban areas. - Larger families are more practical. - Equality between the sexes is relatively low. - All members work in the family business.
Individuals live in urban areas.
The authors label the U.S., Canada, and ______ heterogeneous societies. Japan Israel Sweden China
Israel
Which of the following defines the term socialization? - Way of life shared by a group of people - Elements of culture that are tangible - Lifelong process of learning to become a member of the social world, beginning at birth and continuing until death - Thoughts, language, feelings, beliefs, values, and attitudes of a culture
Lifelong process of learning to become a member of the social world, beginning at birth and continuing until death
Which of the following best describes the observed relationship between religion and social class? - Religious beliefs are more strongly affiliated with geographic location than social class in the United States. - Lower-class individuals in the United States are disproportionately represented in fundamentalist religions. - Upper-class individuals in the United States are disproportionately represented in fundamentalist religions. - Social stratification in the United States is not seen in observable religious differences.
Lower-class individuals in the United States are disproportionately represented in fundamentalist religions.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a procedure of the scientific method? - Define a topic or problem that can be investigated scientifically and ethically - Review relevant research/ theory to refine topic, define variables - Manipulate variables to match the hypothesis - Create a testable hypothesis
Manipulate variables to match the hypothesis
It is the day before the first sociology exam. Mark, a first-year college student, chose to play games on Facebook until 2:00 a.m. instead of studying for the exam. According to rational choice theory, why did Mark play Facebook games? - Mark's roommate scored higher on the video game, and Mark needed to beat him to save face. - Mark found playing video games more rewarding than studying. - Mark has a problem with being obsessed by video games. - Mark has learned through his interactions that playing video games relaxes him before exams.
Mark found playing video games more rewarding than studying.
Which of the following social scientists distinguishes between legitimate and illegitimate power? C. Wright Mills Max Weber Robert Michels Vilfredo Pareto
Max Weber
Who claims that power is "the ability of people or groups to realize their own will in group action even against the resistance of others"? Karl Marx Max Weber Émile Durkheim Auguste Comte
Max Weber
Scientific knowledge must be based on ________. - General sense of how the world works and beliefs - Measurable phenomena - Commonly accepted ideas - The understanding of others
Measurable phenomena
Gender norms differ across nations. Which of the following statements about gender inequality is false? - In some countries, a fetus may be aborted if it is found to be a girl. - High heels are designed to limit female mobility. - Most modern gender stratification is not intentional. - Men are more likely to complete degrees in higher education.
Men are more likely to complete degrees in higher education.
______ govern social contexts to let us know what is the right and proper behavior in social interaction. Norms Sanctions Statuses Ethnomethodologies
Norms
In class we watched a documentary about two high school students, David and Owen, who had very similar backgrounds, but they went to very different schools. Which of the following represents what the documentary found? - They had the same opportunities despite going to very different schools - David was given more opportunities because he went to a school with little funding - Owen was given more opportunities because he went to a school with a lot of funding - None of the above
Owen was given more opportunities because he went to a school with a lot of funding
______ refers to the social institution that determines and exercises power relations in society. Economics Politics Law enforcement Congress
Politics
Which of the following is a example of a soft science? Psychology Biology Chemistry Physics
Psychology
Which type of research uses field observation? Qualitative Quantitative
Qualitative
According to the text, all of the following individuals are considered charismatic leaders EXCEPT this one: Adolf Hitler Jim Jones Jesus Queen Elizabeth II
Queen Elizabeth II
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of living in poverty? - Quicker brain development - Behavior problems - Poor health - Lower educational performance
Quicker brain development
In the early days of suburb development, banks introduced a practice that associated neighborhoods with colors and ratings based off of segregation and wealth disparities. What color represented the lowest rated neighbors, which largely consisted of minorities? Green Red Blue Yellow
Red
Which is NOT an example of material culture? Art Religious beliefs A football Clothing
Religious Belief
______ occurs when a minority group is blamed for others' failures and shortcomings. A self-fulfilling prophecy Prejudice Stereotyping Scapegoating
Scapegoating
______ refers to learning skills such as reading and math in a building via systematic instruction by a trained professional. Compulsory education Schooling Mass education Informal education
Schooling
Which term is used to describe a specific form of subjugation which separates minorities from the dominant group and deprives them of access to the dominant institutions? Assimilation Segregation Slavery Pluralism
Segregation
______ refers to how individuals are layered or ranked in society according to how many valued resources they possess. Social differentiation Social stratification Social capital Social status
Social stratification
______ refer to our social positions, and ______ refer to the expectations associated with a social position. Master statuses; status sets Status sets; master statuses Roles; statuses Statuses; roles
Statuses; roles
______ theory pictures humans as consciously and deliberately creating their personal and collective histories. Symbolic interaction Structural-functional Conflict Exchange
Symbolic interaction
In class, we watched a Ted Talk about the African drum. According to the Ted Talk, which of the following is true about the African drum? - The African drum was banned in Africa after the Europeans colonized it. - The African drum was banned in America because Americans thought it went against the Prohibition laws at the time. - The African drum was used in America by slaves as signal for war. - The African drum gave birth to American music.
The African drum gave birth to American music.
Young boys learn_____ from parents, siblings, peers, teachers, and society in general. They are praised for adherence and punished for violations. The Boy Code (NO) "Be a Man" "No Sissy Stuff" Don't show emotion
The Boy Code
Who is LESS likely to be living in poverty? Women Children under the age of 18 The elderly
The elderly
Which option describes the Hawthorne effect? - A drug affects the subject - A subject acts normally in an experiment - The idea of being observed affects the subject - A placebo affects the subject
The idea of being observed affects the subject
Which of the following statements about social mobility in the United States is false? - There is a high level of occupation inheritance. - The higher the father's occupation level, the better the son's chance for occupational achievement. - Sons are more likely to move up than down. - The mobility of women reflects the occupational achievements of their mothers.
The mobility of women reflects the occupational achievements of their mothers.
______ refers to the perceptions we have of who we are. Socialization Interaction The social self Role taking
The social self
Which of the following is NOT an accurate definition of the sociological imagination? - The sociological imagination could help individuals cope with the social world. - The sociological imagination is the ability to perceive situations in a narrow social context. - Sociological imagination refers to the ability to see the connection between individual experiences and social force. - The sociological imagination is the ability to perceive situations in a wide social context.
The sociological imagination is the ability to perceive situations in a narrow social context.
Which is NOT a reason parents were unhappy with their children listening to the Beatles? - Their hair style - Working class sounds coming into middle class - Charles Manson was influenced by their music - Their band name
Their band name
Which of the following statements is true about charismatic leaders? - They are effective during transitional periods but are often replaced by rational-legal leaders once affairs of state become stable. - They are usually members of a royal family, whose authority is granted based on tradition. - Their leadership structure is usually bureaucratic and rule bound. - They are granted authority positions because they have proper training or have proven their merit.
They are effective during transitional periods but are often replaced by rational-legal leaders once affairs of state become stable.
According to Karl Marx, which of the following is a characteristic of the proletariat? - They could create a classless society if they develop a class consciousness. - (NO) They control the means of production. - They control the norms and values of society. - They hold the power in society.
They hold the power in society.
According to the textbook, all of the following are true about African Americans EXCEPT this: - They are more likely to be unemployed at every level of educational achievement. - They are more likely to be paid a lower income regardless of educational level. - They are more likely to have less wealth in comparison with Whites. - They make the same income as Whites after controlling for educational level.
They make the same income as Whites after controlling for educational level.
When talking about the development of the self, which of the following is not a characteristic of "I" but is a characteristic of "me"? Un-socialized self Impulsive Acts without thinking Thinks before acting
Thinks before acting
______ of students in Grades 7 through 12 have experienced harassment through electronic media. Ten percent Thirty percent Fifty percent Five percent
Thirty percent
T/F: A latent function of education is that it weakens parental control over children.
True
T/F: A pluralist perspective views power as distributed among many interest groups in society.
True
T/F: According to the text, adjustment to divorced status varies by gender: Men typically have a harder time emotionally adjusting to singlehood or divorce than women.
True
T/F: According to the text, content analysis is unobtrusive, meaning the research does not influence the investigated subject by having direct contact.
True
T/F: According to the text, nonverbal language may carry as much as 90% of the meaning of a message.
True
T/F: According to the text, toys and games prepare children through anticipatory socialization for future gender roles.
True
T/F: An estimated 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men are victims of violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime.
True
T/F: An example of goal displacement is the case of Pedro Espada Jr., who plead guilty to charges of stealing money from health care clinics he ran in the Bronx.
True
T/F: Based off the video "The House I Live In", the Federal Government created a Federal Housing Act that provided loans to average Americans for them to purchase houses with while paying 10% or 20% upfront.
True
T/F: Expressive roles are more expected in the private sphere while instrumental roles are more expected in the public sphere.
True
T/F: Functional theory assumes that all parts of the social world work together to make the whole society run smoothly and harmoniously.
True
T/F: Gender gaps in educational attainment are narrowing worldwide.
True
T/F: Hispanics are currently the largest minority ethnic group in the United States.
True
T/F: How we experience our bodies individually and in relation to others is known as sexuality.
True
T/F: In the United States, predatory crimes are considered consensus crimes.
True
T/F: In the United States, women are using the Internet to reinforce their private lives, and men are using the Internet to engage in the public sphere.
True
T/F: Many major religious groups have added modern branches in addition to their traditional and fundamentalist groups.
True
T/F: Mary is fired for wearing skirts that are too short to conform to her office dress code. This is a form of institutionalized gender discrimination.
True
T/F: Mothers experience a larger wage gap than do women without children.
True
T/F: Northern European countries are world leaders when it comes to gender equity in government.
True
T/F: Psychological Aggression is both verbal and non-verbal communication with the intent to harm another person mentally or emotionally?
True
T/F: Research methods work in tandem with sociological theories.
True
T/F: Secondary analysis uses existing data already collected in other studies.
True
T/F: Side-effect discrimination is a form of unintentional discrimination.
True
T/F: Studies of isolated children provide evidence that just meeting the basic necessities of children is not enough to help them develop normally.
True
T/F: Systematic observation is central in field research
True
T/F: The environment is the setting in which a social unit operates and includes everything that influences the social unit, such as its physical and organizational surroundings, as well as technological innovations.
True
T/F: The fact that the only female in a boardroom is almost always expected to make coffee, even if she is a high-level executive, is a form of institutionalized gender discrimination.
True
T/F: The structural-functional theory points out the common purposes of families in every society.
True
T/F: There is no clear biological or genetic difference between different racial groups.
True
T/F: Values are often transmitted from the family of orientation to the family of procreation.
True
T/F: Weber used the term authority to refer to legitimate power.
True
Which of the following sources of information are based on police reports? Uniform Crime Reports victimization surveys self-reported surveys all of these
Uniform Crime Reports
In the discussion of dating/intimate partner violence, Dr. Smith displayed the "Power and Control Wheel." Which of the following is a heading found on this wheel? Hitting or biting Acts of Love Using isolation Manipulation
Using isolation
______ are nonmaterial, shared judgments about what is desirable or undesirable, right or wrong, or good or bad in a culture. Beliefs Sanctions Norms Values
Values
Which of the following statements about social classes in the United States is true? - Upper-middle-class families compose over 30% of the population. - Wages and salaries for the upper classes have risen. - The lower middle class is largely unemployable. - When given a choice, most American describe themselves as upper class.
Wages and salaries for the upper classes have risen.
Which of the following statements about the middle class in the United States is false? - The middle class makes up about 30% of the population. - Wages and salaries in the middle classes have increased since the 1980s. - Most people identify as middle class. - Most social scientists measure social class by looking at the income, education, and profession of respondents.
Wages and salaries in the middle classes have increased since the 1980s.
All of the following are main assumptions of stratification EXCEPT this: - Wealth is the most important resource. - People are divided into ranked categories. - There is an unequal distribution of desired resources. - Each society determines what it considers to be valued resources.
Wealth is the most important resource.
Which of the following an ascribed status? - Your social position in society - Something you worked for - What other people see when they look at you - What you're born with
What you're born with
Which of the following is an example of institutionalized discrimination? - A man refuses to offer an older woman his seat on the bus. - Women are expected to change their names when they marry and questioned if they do not. - Two women are fired because their employer hates the fact that they are pregnant. - Sarah earns less money than Paul for doing the exact same job.
Women are expected to change their names when they marry and questioned if they do not.
Which of the following statements about gender and the mass media is false? - Video games that dehumanize women teach and perpetuate stereotypes about women. - Most of the smart, confident, and brave women depicted in media are also thin and have large breasts. - Women in soap operas and ads are often depicted as having problems in carrying out their role responsibilities. - Women who are quite large or obese are almost entirely depicted as positive role models.
Women who are quite large or obese are almost entirely depicted as positive role models.
All of the following are characteristics of an industrial society EXCEPT this: - relying on power-driven machines for production - concentration of the population in cities - a large proportion of service workers in the labor force - an increased standard of living for many in society
a large proportion of service workers in the labor force
A belief that becomes a reality constitutes ______. labeling anomie a self-fulfilling prophecy strain
a self-fulfilling prophecy
Although Ting is greatly disadvantaged by her culture's treatment of women, she largely accepts her position as the childcare provider for her family and has little desire to change the structure of her family. Ting exhibits which of the following reactions to belonging to a discriminated-against minority group? assimilation acceptance avoidance aggression
acceptance
All of the following are characteristics of ideal-type bureaucracy EXCEPT this: - an emphasis on democratic decision making - a division of labor based on technical competence - an administrative hierarchy - formal rules and regulations
an emphasis on democratic decision making
One June 17, 2015, Dylann Roof, "entered the church, asked for the pastor and sat next to him during Bible study before opening fire. 'I have to do it,' he said, according to [reports]. 'You rape our women and you're taking over our country. You have to go.'" This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT this: - an expression of race-blind ideology - a very poorly adjusted young man - (NO) frustration-aggression theory - an act of racial discrimination
an expression of race-blind ideology
Which two social sciences have common historical roots and occasionally overlapping methodologies and subject matter? - anthropology and political science - political science and sociology - anthropology and sociology - political science and psychology
anthropology and sociology
Melissa, a White woman, is engaged to Alex, a Black man. Their marriage will be all of the following EXCEPT this: - endogamous marriage - homogamy marriage - least common type (White woman marrying Black man) of interracial marriage - arranged marriage
arranged marriage
Jordan feels that his dark, long hair causes many of his classmates to label him as a minority group member. In an effort to blend in with his peers, Jordan dyes his hair blond and cuts it very close to his scalp. Jordan exhibited which of the following reactions to being discriminated against because of his perceived minority group status? assimilation acceptance avoidance aggression
assimilation
The structural and cultural merging of minority and majority groups that results in minority members losing their original identity refers to ______. pluralism cultural relativism transnationalism assimilation
assimilation
Middle- and upper-class parents are less likely to ______ than lower-class parents. - ask about their children's progress - consult with teachers on strategies to help their child learn - make it clear that they want teachers to focus on their children - assume that teachers are authority figures who should be trusted to do their jobs without interference
assume that teachers are authority figures who should be trusted to do their jobs without interference
Jason always disrupts class by interjecting unnecessary comments or getting into trouble for skipping school and vandalizing school property. Jason is likely considered a(n) ______. - at-risk student - member of a peer culture - member of a peer counterculture - unprofessional student
at-risk student
Ideas about life, the way the society should work, and where we fit into it are called ______. norms beliefs material culture sanctions
beliefs
According to most sociologists, gender roles are all of the following EXCEPT this: - socially constructed - created by human beings - designed to meet the needs of each society - biologically determined
biologically determined
According to the authors of the text, which of the following is an effective alternative to prison? shock probation building social capital harsher sentencing instigating a buddy system
building social capital
Which of the following economic systems involves state-based planning and control of property? market systems centralized systems open systems non-Western systems
centralized systems
Which of the following types of authority is held by an individual with extraordinary personal characteristics? - traditional authority - charismatic authority - rational-legal authority - irrational authority
charismatic authority
______ is a highly bureaucratized religious organization closely tied to society. (NO)Sect Cult Church Denomination
chruch
According to Max Weber, governments are given legitimate power when - they are able to oppress all opposition to their rule - other countries recognize their power as legitimate - citizens acknowledge that the government has the right to exercise power over them - they coerce the people into submission
citizens acknowledge that the government has the right to exercise power over them
Which of the following is an example of cultural capital? - parents' coworkers - relationship with college mentor - college degree - relationship with a neighbor
college degree
Smoking marijuana is a ______. conflict crime consensus crime predatory crime hate crime
conflict crime
The statement "The educational system is not equally beneficial to all or even to the majority of citizens," most closely reflects ______. structural-functional theory rational choice theory conflict theory symbolic interaction theory
conflict theory
The statement, "Those who have power use socialization to manipulate others into supporting the power structure and interests of the elite," is most closely related to ______. structural-functional theory conflict theory symbolic interaction theory sociobiological theory
conflict theory
Lindsey needs a car to get back and forth from her home in the city to her university, which are 4 miles apart. When shopping for a car, Lindsey decides to buy a Hummer H3 because she wants a car that her peers will notice and respect. Through this purchase, Lindsey exhibits ______. status inconsistency social capital conspicuous consumption branding
conspicuous consumption
When asked to list who he "is," Philip writes, "I am a Black male; I am a father; I am a husband; I am a good worker." These things compose Philip's ______. social structure environment core self culture
core self
Hoops is a member of a militia organization believing that individuals should be able to live without rules and regulations imposed by society. Because the militia has values and practices that go against the practices of the dominant culture, Hoops is a member of a(n) ______. collective aggregate mainstream culture counterculture
counterculture
Which of the following is an example of social capital? professional licensure country club membership postdoctoral training playing the piano
country club membership
The forms of deviance in which formal penalties are imposed by society are ______. deviant norms crimes recidivism stigmas
crimes
While visiting Spain, Link was surprised to find that many of his Spanish peers left work and school in the middle of the day to take a siesta (a short rest at home). However, Link realized how important the siesta was to his Spanish peers because it gave them time to relax and be with their families, two very central values in Spanish culture. Link took a(n) ______ perspective when trying to understand siesta. ethnocidal culturally relative nonmaterial ethnocentric
culturally relative
According to Durkheim, the key finding of his study on suicide is that suicide can be predicted by the - level of cohesion in the individual's social network - degree to which an individual was integrated into the group - number of social groups the individual belonged to - individual's religious affiliation
degree to which an individual was integrated into the group
The violation of social norms is called ______. deviance stigma recidivism crime
deviance
The gap between those with access to information technology and those without is known as the ______. digitally illiterate technobarrier digital divide none of these
digital divide
When Mary, the owner of a large apartment complex, was deciding whom to rent an open apartment to, she immediately disregarded the application of 84-year-old Millie because Mary does not rent apartments to old women. Mary's treatment of Millie is best described as ______. scapegoating discrimination unintentional discrimination institutional racial discrimination
discrimination
Which of the following is not one of the strategies students use to cope with school pressures presented in the text? ritualism rejection innovation divergence
divergence
According to the text, the belief that minorities (sexual, racial, religious, etc.) are detrimental to workplace efficiency is false because - on average, immigrants work harder than nonimmigrants - employers can pay immigrants less and therefore increase profit - diversity increases productivity and problem solving - minorities do not experience role strain
diversity increases productivity and problem solving
Robert's parents strongly want him to marry another Mormon, preferably from their own congregation. His family is practicing ______. exogamy endogamy homogamy arranged marriage
endogamy
The statement, "After the minimum survival needs of both individuals and the society are met, power determines who gets the surplus," most closely reflects ______. conflict theory symbolic interaction theory structural-functional theory evolutionary theory
evolutionary theory
Kholani is required to marry a boy from a neighboring village, despite being in love with a boy who lives in her same village. Kholani's tribe is practicing ______. exogamy endogamy homogamy heterogamy
exogamy
The informal system includes all of the following EXCEPT this: - unspoken norms of behavior - unwritten norms of behavior - implicit norms of behavior - explicit rules of behavior
explicit rules of behavior
Ethnography is a form of ______. survey research field study research controlled experiment secondary analysis
field study research
Because prison sentences are official punishments used to enforce laws, they serve as ______. informal negative sanctions formal negative sanctions informal positive sanctions formal positive sanctions
formal negative sanctions
As a child develops, the primary agent of socialization changes from the family to the child's ______. college professors television preferences music preferences friends
friends
Most of the time, we engage in ______ behavior, the behavior safest with casual acquaintances because it is scripted. backstage front-stage on-stage unstaged
front-stage
One June 17, 2015, Dylann Roof, "entered the church, asked for the pastor and sat next to him during Bible study before opening fire. 'I have to do it,' he said, according to [reports]. 'You rape our women and you're taking over our country. You have to go.'" This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT this: - an expression of race-blind ideology - a very poorly adjusted young man - frustration-aggression theory - an act of racial discrimination
frustration-aggression theory
The socially constructed meanings associated with males and females are called ______. sex gender identity sex status sexuality
gender identity
Thomas is a boy who was ridiculed for wearing a skirt to school one day. Which of the following did Thomas violate? sexual expectations gender identity gender roles sexual orientation
gender roles
The process by which people learn the cultural norms, attitudes, and behaviors appropriate to their gender is ______. gender role behavior sex role development gender identification gender socialization
gender socialization
When the Serbian army massacred Bosnian civilians while conducting "ethnic cleansing," they were participating in ______, in which the dominant group makes a systematic effort to destroy a minority group. genocide subjugation population transfer assimilation
genocide
______ refers to processes that limit the progress of women and other minorities to the highest job or status position because of invisible barriers that bar promotion within an organization. Pink collar work Gender stratification Glass ceiling Gender organization
glass ceiling
The process through which the entire globe is becoming a "single sociocultural place" is known as ______. global culture material culture globalization Westernization
globalization
According to the Supreme Court ruling on June 26, 2015, the federal government - no longer has to recognize same-sex marriages in states where they are legal - has declared same-sex marriages legal in all 50 states - has declared same-sex marriages illegal - has tightened restrictions on adoptions to lesbian and gay couples
has declared same-sex marriages legal in all 50 states
According to the text, countercultures - have different expectations and values when compared to mainstream society - wish to violently destroy mainstream culture - lack the organization of mainstream cultures - are composed of distinct minority groups
have different expectations and values when compared to mainstream society
In which of the following ways are women and girls portrayed in many children's books? working in the workplace engaging in active play helping fathers and brothers being strong and assertive
helping fathers and brothers
Elisa lives in a small, seminomadic society in which she tends a garden and tends to the small children in her family. Elisa most likely lives in a(n) ______. - hunting-and-gathering society - industrial society - organic society - herding society
herding society
The cradle-to-prison pipeline refers to - the bullying that occurs in many schools - high dropout rates among African American boys that can lead to imprisonment - the lack of a quality education in poor neighborhoods - the expulsion rate of high school seniors
high dropout rates among African American boys that can lead to imprisonment
Thalia hopes to find a partner who has a similar level of education as herself and who is also politically moderate, just like she is. Thalia is practicing ______. exogamy endogamy homogamy heterogamy
homogamy
All of the following are predetermined in caste stratification systems EXCEPT this: - occupational position - marriage partners - where one will live - how many children an individual will have
how many children an individual will have
Which of the following resources does not affect which partner does the housework? - the relative income of each partner - the relative education level of each partner - the relative occupational prestige of each partner - how quickly the gender income gap is closing in society
how quickly the gender income gap is closing in society
As a small child, Kirby was read many stories about his society emphasizing the equal treatment of all individuals, who are able to pursue their individual desires. Kirby was told about his society's ______ culture. ideal real imaginary formal
ideal
All of the following are problematic by-products of bureaucracies EXCEPT this: alienation goal displacement oligarchy increased efficiency
increased efficiency
Tom is studying how changes in income affect the frequency of eating out. In this example, "changes in income" is the ______ variable, and "frequency of eating out" is the ______ variable. spurious; control control; spurious independent; dependent dependent; independent
independent; dependent
Comedians like Dave Chappelle, who use their art to make satirical commentary about race relations in the United States, use which of the following strategies of minority groups to deal with discrimination and prejudice? indirect aggression direct aggression indirect assimilation direct assimilation
indirect aggression
Jim Crow laws in mid-1900s America are examples of ______ discrimination. intentional unintentional race-blind side-effect
intentional
First-generation college graduates who become physicians reflect ______. intragenerational mobility intergenerational mobility horizontal mobility open mobility
intergenerational mobility
According to the text, the state attempts to control the behavior of individuals in all of the following except which way? rules of conduct physical control symbolic control internal control
internal control
Which of the following is a latent function of education? - selecting and training individuals for positions in society - keeping children off the streets until they can be absorbed into productive roles in society - enhancing personal and social developments - promoting change and innovation
keeping children off the streets until they can be absorbed into productive roles in society
What was a common trend seen with the evolution of pop music? - parents liked the music; kids didn't - everyone initially liked the music - kids liked the music; parents didn't - everyone initially hated the music
kids liked the music; parents didn't
Which of the following is a necessity to have pluralism in a society? - a numerically large minority group - a social class stratification system - legal protection of distinct group(s) - one clear minority group and one clear dominant group
legal protection of distinct group(s)
Organized crime is more prevalent among ______. Whites elites marginalized ethnic groups young people
marginalized ethnic groups
Which of the following economic systems stresses individual planning and private ownership of property? market systems planned systems (NO)centralized systems open systems
market systems
The main purpose of a bureaucracy is to - encourage development of secondary groups - limit the role of primary groups in socialization - maximize efficiency - develop anomie
maximize efficiency
A small, premodern society held together by common beliefs, values, and emotional ties is a(n) ______ society. industrial postindustrial mechanical organic
mechanical
Which of the following is a characteristic of a group? - members pursue individual goals - inability to recruit new members - freedom of expected behaviors - members engaging in structured interaction patterns
members engaging in structured interaction patterns
An act that attempts to break down a prison inmate's sense of self in order to resocialize him or her is known as ______. mortification degradation resocialization recidivism
mortification
Which of the following is an example of a consensus crime? prostitution chemical offenses murder political disenfranchisement
murder
Which of the following is not a rite of passage? turning 21 years old starting one's first job graduating from college networking with friends
networking with friends
According to the text, the Industrial Revolution led, in part, to the rise of sociology because - no one could explain why the old social structure was suddenly collapsing - Karl Marx began arguing against the "have-nots" - the advent of mechanized labor made people less likely to rely on religion as a source of knowledge - those who had once been farmers had to pursue the social sciences when they found themselves out of work
no one could explain why the old social structure was suddenly collapsing
Mahatma Gandhi, Jesse Jackson, and Caesar Chavez used ______ to bring about institutional and societal change. direct aggression assimilation nonviolent resistance pluralism
nonviolent resistance
Which of the following is the clearest example of childhood gender socialization? - taking children on a trip to Disneyworld - not allowing girls to play in the mud because girls are not supposed to get dirty - encouraging children to do math - reading a story to one's son
not allowing girls to play in the mud because girls are not
Liz works at the dean's office. She works harder than her supervisor (who is paid more and enjoys coffee breaks when Liz and her coworkers share stories about how little they are paid and how they deserve more). One day, Liz steals 15 ink cartridges to use in her home printer. Liz has committed a(n) ______. predatory crime occupational crime hate crime organized crime
occupational crime
A type of government based on a specific political ideology and run by a single ruling group or party is referred to as a(n) ______. republic oligarchy monarchy democracy
oligarchy
Which type of stratification system allows movement between classes? ascribed closed open vertical
open
A large, modern society with a complex division of labor is a(n) ______ society. mechanical horticultural herding organic
organic
To be in the game stage, a child has to be able to do all of the following EXCEPT this: - take on roles of people the child knows - play complex games, such as baseball - understand the interdependence of multiple roles - overcome his or her biological urges
overcome his or her biological urges
The two main forms of democratic constitutional government are ______. - parliamentary and monarchy - congressional and presidential - parliamentary and presidential - presidential and congressional
parliamentary and presidential
Minority groups in the United States have, on average, significantly lower net worth than White Americans, even when the two have similar education, income, and occupations. Sociologists attribute the wealth gap largely to housing policies that exclude minority individuals from home ownership. This is an example of ______ discrimination. illegal intentional past-in-present mean-spirited
past-in-present
The authors identify all of the following characteristics of schools as bureaucratic EXCEPT this one: - a division of labor among administrators, teachers, students, and support personnel - the administrative hierarchy incorporates a chain of command and channels of communication - specific rules and procedures in a school cover everything from course content to discipline - personal relationships are valued over formal relations such as tests or grades
personal relationships are valued over formal relations such as tests or grades
A child who can play "mommy" but who cannot play baseball is in what stage of George Herbert Mead's social development? game play role confusion generalized other
play
______ occurs when each ethnic group or racial group in a country maintains its own culture, including language and sometimes a separate set of institutions. Pluralism Assimilation Transnationalism Genocide
pluralism
A type of marriage in which a wife has more than one husband is called ______. polygyny polyandry polyamorous none of these
polyandry
The often forced removal of a minority group from a region or country is ______. subjugation segregation population transfer domestic colonialism
population transfer
Josh works as a computer software designer in a large society in which most individuals are highly educated or have specialized, technical skills. Josh most likely lives in a(n) ______. - industrial society - postindustrial society - agricultural society - hunting-and-gathering society
postindustrial society
Arguments for a Common Core curriculum include all of the following EXCEPT this: - raising the quality of the curriculum - improving assessment of outcomes - improving access to education - preventing gifted students from getting too far ahead
preventing gifted students from getting too far ahead
According to the text, the goal of capitalism is ______. equality profit governmental control high-quality products
profit
Which of the following is NOT a latent function of education? - fostering a youth culture - promoting change and innovation - (NO) keeping children off the streets until they can be absorbed into productive roles in society - serving as a mate selection market
promoting change and innovation
Eugene owns a house and land in a middle-class neighborhood. He is upset that the mayor has increased the sales tax to fund public school programs. As discussed in the text, Eugene should not be upset because - property tax provides only a small percentage of funding for education expenses - school strengthens minority cultural norms - middle-class children benefit the most from a quality education - property values are increased when schools are of high quality
property values are increased when schools are of high quality
A ______ is a requirement that employers hire a certain percentage of minorities. preference policy strict affirmative action policy quota system privilege policy
quota system
Which of the following is an example of a socially constructed categorization that changes over time within societies? biological genetic race family
race
Which of the following types of authority is held by leaders who have the expertise to carry out the duties of their positions? traditional authority charismatic authority rational-legal authority irrational authority
rational-legal authority
Which of the following types of authority is most typical of modern nation-states? traditional authority charismatic authority rational-legal authority irrational authority
rational-legal authority
Emily works and makes a modest salary. However, she is unable to provide new clothes or a two-bedroom apartment for her and her children. Emily is experiencing ______. vertical mobility absolute poverty relative poverty status inconsistency
relative poverty
The federal government in the U.S. makes funds available for all of the following educational programs EXCEPT this one: religion reading math special education
religion
Juan Carlos originally hoped to purchase a home. However, because he could not earn enough money to ever afford one, he decided that a home was no longer important. Instead, he found happiness through quitting his job, moving into a shack in the woods, and enjoying the solitude. Merton would classify Juan Carlos's adaptation to strain as ______. conformity innovation retreatism rebellion
retreatism
Recidivism is: - the extortion of funds in exchange for "protection" - the conflict that occurs between the elites and minority groups - returning to prison after already serving a prior term - an act that marks an offender as deviant
returning to prison after already serving a prior term
Susan would love to be a lawyer but cannot afford to go to law school. Her boyfriend suggested that she steal from her grandmother's estate in order to finance her education, but she refused. Instead, she took a 2-year course and became a librarian. Robert Merton would classify Susan's actions as ______. conformity (NO) innovation ritualism retreatism
ritualism ??
Lee promised his brother Kirby that he would watch the Cincinnati Bengals's football game with him at home. However, Lee's friend Sue won tickets on a local radio station, and she wants Lee to come to the game with her. Because Lee is torn between his role as Sue's friend and Kirby's brother, Lee is experiencing ______. role conflict role strain role confusion status inconsistency
role conflict
Carolina's daughter wants to go to a local concert that will keep her out past curfew. Although Carolina feels that as a good mom, she should be her daughter's friend and consider her daughter's wishes, she also believes that a good mother should provide structure by maintaining rules. Carolina is experiencing ______. role confusion role conflict role strain status inconsistency
role strain
Ty is an eighth-grade music teacher. Ty must support and encourage his students, but he must also give them poor grades for not learning their music. This causes Ty to experience ______. role conflict de-professionalism role strain at-risk behavior
role strain
Zari and Ali have been dating for 3 months and are at the point in their relationship where they have begun exploring their common needs, ideas about family roles, and common activities. Which stage of the courtship process are Zari and Ali currently in? stimulus value comparison roles and needs agreement
roles and needs
A(n) ______ is a general social condition that characterizes an aspect of a school. hidden curriculum formal educational system educational subculture school climate
school climate
Joseph lives in a country where he is not allowed to go to school with White students since he is not White. He can only eat in certain restaurants, and he has a government-mandated curfew based on his race. He cannot buy a house in certain parts of town and must sit on the left side of the bus. Joseph lives in a town that is ______. segregated in rebellion uncivilized stratified according to class
segregated
When minority group members internalize prejudiced views about their group and allow these beliefs to shape their behavior, it creates a ______. prejudice stereotype self-fulfilling prophecy frustration
self-fulfilling prophecy
Which of the following do most sociologists see as a uniquely human characteristic?
sense of self
Which of the following do most sociologists see as a uniquely human characteristic? ability to feel pain ability to communicate ability to use symbols sense of self
sense of self
Which of the following is most common in the United States? serial monogamy strict monogamy polygyny polyandry
serial monogamy
The historical event that largely shaped conflict theorists' view of social stratification was the - rise of communism in Russia and China - social inequality created in the post-World War II United States - shift from the feudal system to urban industrialism - end of slavery in the United States
shift from the feudal system to urban industrialism
If women are paid less than men, despite the same levels of education, they are less likely to have access to the best health care or to be able to afford a $40,000 down payment for a house, unless they are married. This is an example of ______. side-effect discrimination past-in-present discrimination Jim Crow discrimination poor career choices
side-effect discrimination
Zari is a successful lawyer who has a 5-year-old daughter. Since her daughter entered school, Zari's career has suffered. Zari was recently demoted because the school nurse, Melissa, demands that Zari pick up her daughter from school when she is ill, and Zari's boss expects her to never leave work. The nurse refuses to call Zari's husband because "a sick girl needs her mama." Zari is experiencing ______. - intentional discrimination - side-effect discrimination - past-in-present discrimination - ethnocentric discrimination
side-effect discrimination
People who are very important to us and whom we have sustained interactions with are known as ______. social instructors role takers generalized others significant others
significant others
Our social networks include all of the following EXCEPT this: - private interactions - small groups - global organizations - singing by yourself in the shower
singing by yourself in the shower
Which of the following is most consistent with a backstage action? (Don't overthink this one - which is most obvious?) - Giving a communication speech in front of a class - Studying in the Clemson library - Going shopping in Atlanta - Sitting in the private back room of a restaurant with your family
sitting in the private back room of a restaurant with your family
Ethnic groups are based on all of the following EXCEPT this: skin color language foods customs
skin color
Kina is a 17-year-old woman. To discourage her from becoming deviant, her parents encouraged her to attend church, study hard, and believe that "nice girls finish first." Kina's parents are also sociologists. Kina's parents most likely subscribe to which theory of deviance? strain theory social control theory conflict theory international condolence theory
social control theory
The lifelong process of learning to become a member of the social world is called ______. socialization interaction socializing role taking
socialization
The process of ______ is vital for the continuation of any society. internationalization education globalization socialization
socialization
Through ______, members of a society learn the thoughts and actions needed to survive in their society. socialization education globalization internationalization
socialization
The statement, "Decisions are made based on genetic drives to continue the species," is most closely related to ______. structural-functional theory conflict theory symbolic interaction theory sociobiological theory
sociobiological theory
The existence of a sector of "clean" jobs and a sector of "dirty" jobs is the key assumption of which theory of group relations? structural-functional frustration-aggression symbolic interaction split labor market
split labor market
Which term best describes someone who killed 4 people at 4 different nearby locations in a span of 2 hours? Serial Killer Mass Murderer Cereal Killer Spree Killer
spree killer
Durkheim's concept of anomie refers to a ______. - state of normlessness - social fact - small, premodern society held together by kinship ties - large, modern society with a specialized division of labor
state of normlessness
As Eric waited for class to start, he considered starting a conversation with one of his classmates. However, Eric decided they all looked like "frat boys," and he figured they would have nothing in common, so he sat silently and waited for class to start. Eric's behavior can be best described as ______. stereotyping negative contact racism institutionalized discrimination
stereotyping
In class Dr. Smith showed videos of two similar high school students, David and Owen, with different educational experiences. Which term can best be used to describe these differences? Structural inequality Racial inequality (NO)Educational inequality Inequality
structural inequality
Jason is writing a paper on social stratification. The basic argument of his paper is that the job of "college professor" is extremely important to the creation of knowledge and production of culture. Due to this importance, college professors deserve a pay increase to attract the smartest and most capable individuals to fill this important role. Jason is arguing the ______ theory of stratification. feminist structural-functional conflict evolution
structural-functional
Which of the following statements supports the argument that education works to reproduce social class from one generation to the next? - Students from a lower socioeconomic position must obey authority. - Students from a lower socioeconomic position are taught to question the dominant ideology. - Student achievement, like test scores, plays a large role in determining how a student is tracked. - Students are encouraged to pursue any occupational path they find desirable.
students from a lower socioeconomic position must obey authority.
According to Durkheim's discussion of suicide, anomic suicide refers to - suicide caused by an individual experiencing disorder and turmoil and lacking clear norms and guidelines for social behavior - suicide caused by feeling little social bond to the group or society - suicide caused by such a strong bond and group obligation that the individual is willing to die for the group - suicide caused by depression due to downward mobility
suicide caused by an individual experiencing disorder and turmoil and lacking clear norms and guidelines for social behavior
According to the text, which country accounts for more than one third of world military spending? Iran North Korea the United States Russia
the United States
Which country has the lowest percentage of women in national politics? Denmark Norway the United States Rwanda
the United States
Crimes against the company are more likely to occur when - employees have strong loyalty toward the company - the company is large - employees are adequately compensated - employees are mentally stimulated by their jobs
the company is large
A cultural relativist's perspective examines cultural practices according to ______. - a subculture - a counterculture - the culture in which the practice occurs - the global culture
the culture in which the practice occurs
Hacking and cybertheft by China and other nations are especially concerning because - they are considered to be victimless crimes - the federal government does not have an effective way to safeguard customers' information - there are no effective ways to punish the offenders - the U.S. laws regarding cybertheft are unclear
the federal government does not have an effective way to safeguard customers' information
Jane recently became embarrassed for using a four-letter word in front of a group of Catholic nuns. Mead would argue that her embarrassment illustrates the internalization of ______. the looking-glass self the generalized other particular others the ego
the generalized other
Irene has been working at Megacorp for 10 years. She has an impeccable record and has received wonderful reviews. Still, she cannot figure out why the men who started the job at the same time she did have been promoted several levels while she has only received one promotion. Irene may be experiencing ______. the glass ceiling the sticky floor the glass escalator gender scapegoating
the glass ceiling
All of the following are characteristics of an agricultural society EXCEPT this: - the harnessing of steam power - a large population compared with previous types of societies - the use of advanced technologies to create greater surplus - permanent settlements
the harnessing of steam powe
Vic began his career as a police officer as a "straitlaced cop." In the beginning, he always made good arrests, never took bribes, and was as impartial as possible. As time went on, he became jaded with the job. He started doing favors for restaurants that gave him free food. After a while, he got into the habit of ticketing people who wronged him and his friends. Vic is an example of ______. the iron law of oligarchy rational choice theory conflict theory the bad apple principle
the iron law of oligarchy
Statements regarding why and how facts relate to each other and the connection between those facts are known as ______. hypotheses empirical knowledge theories levels of analysis
theories
Socialization takes place ______. in utero in infancy during childhood throughout the life course
throughout the life course
Which of the following types of authority is passed on through the generations? traditional authority charismatic authority rational-legal authority (NO) monarch authority
traditional authority
The term ______ refers to "identification as someone who is challenging, questioning, or changing gender from that assigned at birth to a chosen gender." intersexed gender identity transgender transvestite
transgender
Pam wants to study the impact of war on soldiers. She plans to observe therapy groups for soldiers who have posttraumatic stress disorder and to take a representative survey of returning soldiers. Pam's proposed research method can best be described as ______. secondary analysis fieldwork ethnography triangulation
triangulation
Which of the following do the authors of the text argue is the best way to measure crime? Uniform Crime Reports self-reported surveys victimization surveys triangulation of multiple data sources
triangulation of multiple data sources
Ken does not want to get a divorce, but his wife, Patricia, insists that she plans to leave him because even though Ken has done nothing wrong, she is not happy. What type of divorce will Ken and Patricia most likely get? bilateral no-fault unilateral no-fault bilateral for-cause unilateral for-cause
unilateral no-fault
Countries such as Sweden and the United Kingdom that have incorporated some democratic socialist ideas into their governmental policies are sometimes referred to by critics as ______. planned democracies welfare states Christian democracies nationalist states
welfare states
According to the text, which of the following factors most often relates to husbands sharing the housework more equally? - working different shifts from their wives - having more income than their wives - having more education than their wives - working less than 40 hours per week
working different shifts from their wives
Through our social networks, we are linked to all of the following EXCEPT this: religious organizations political subcultures the United Nations your sense of smell
your sense of smell
