Sociology Final Exam

Deviance is defined as

the recognized violation of cultural norms

Personal space refers to

the surrounding area in which an individual makes claim to privacy

A spurious correlation can be defined as

two variables change together but neither one causes the othee

Prostitution is widely regarded as one example of a

victimless crime

Max Weber claimed that social position was based on a persons

wealth, power, and prestige

What is the term for crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of doing their jobs

white-collar crime

What are some of the reason you should be concerned with the incredibly large group defined as baby boomers?

-They are working longer and less like to retire from high paying jobs -they invented earth day -they have been influential in current policy

Based on part of Harlows study regarding social isolatiin

-contact with parents and at risk babies has increased -birthing rooms for entire families are common -some hospitals hire huggers to hold babies

Which of the following is a function of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim

-deviance affirms cultural values and norms-cannot have good without evil -responding time deviance can bring people together -deviance encourages social change

Which of the following statements regarding social mobility in the US is true

-for many workers, earning have stalled -more people working two jobs -more of today's jobs offer low pay

Capitalism is defined as

-private ownership of business for profit to individual

Caste systems

-require people marry within own caste -assign people to certain types of work -discourage social contact between people of different caste

Bureaucracy is a type of social organization characterized by

-specialized jobs -offices arranged in a hierarchy -lots of rules and regulations

Which of the following illustrates the medicalization of deviance

-theft being redefined as a compulsive disorder -drinking too much being redefined as alcoholism -promiscuity being redefined as a sexual addiction

_____ are rules about everyday, casual living;_____ are rules with great moral significance

Folkways; mores

which type of leader tends to downplay their position and power, allowing the group to function more or less on its own

Laissez-faire

Which is NOT a theoretical approach to culture

Post-industrial information

To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding

a fast food restaurant

The concept absolute poverty refers to

a lack of resources that is life threatening

According to Irving Janis, "groupthink" is defined as

a tendency of group members to conform to narrow view of some issue

What are some of the impacts caused by technology

all of above

Which of the following factors affect social class standing in the US

all of above

A major advantage of using existing data is

all of the above

One reason to oppose letting prostitution be a matter of personal choice involving two adults is that

all of the above

which of the following are considered a function of humor

all of the above

when people model themselves after the members of peer groups they would like to join, walking the walk and talking the talk, they are

anticipatory socialization

A hate crime is defined as

any criminal act motivated by racial or other bias

Sociologists define a symbol as

anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture

You would be expressing a "stereotype" if you

apply a simplified description to every person in some category.

John jones is a teenager and son. These social positions are described as

ascribed statues

John Jones is a teenager and son. These social positions are best described as

ascribed status

What are the four types of social control

attachment, belief, commitment, involvement

While prejudice is a matter of____, discrimination is a matter of______

attitude; action

The class system is

based on birth and individual achievement

Institutional prejudice and discrimination refers to the fact that

bias is built into the operation of social institutions

Race refers to_____ considered important by a society; ethnicity refers to

biological traits; cultural traits

A maximum security prison is one example of a

coercive organization

If someone commits embezzlement, what type of crime is this

corporate

Subculture refers to

cultural patterns that set off a part of a society's population

Subculture refers to

cultural patterns that set off a part of a society's population.

What is the term for the beliefs,values, behavior and material objects that, together, constitute a people's way of life?

culture

Experiencing discomfort and fear when confronted with a strange way of life or culture is called

culture shock

The concept of "global economy" refers to

economic activity that moves across national borders.

A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as being "backward" for tilling his fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractors is displaying

ethnocentrism

The most influential agent in socialization is the

family

The gender-conflict approach can be best described as

focusing on the inequality and conflict between men and women

To evaluate a theory using evidence, sociologists

gather data or facts

true sociological perspective involves seeing____patterns in the behavior of _____people.

general;particular

what term refers to an invisible, yet real, barrier that prevents many women from rising beyond middle-management positions?

glass ceiling

A social conflict approach to sports would be an analysis of

how sports reflect social inequality

The weight of evidence indicated that sexual orientation is due mostly to

human biology, although society plays some role

Cultural change is set in motion in three general ways. They are

invention, discovery, and diffusion

A bureaucracy and computer technology have spread throughout US society, privacy

is threatened as never before

The concept retrospective labeling refers to

labeling someone's past based on their present deviance

The idea that deviance and conformity result not only from what people do but from how others respond to those actions is defined as

labeling theory

The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as

manifest functions

any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society sets apart and subordinates is called a

minority

According to the social conflict approach, what is a social labels as deviant is based mostly on

patterns of inequality and who has more power

Cooley used the term "looking glass self" to refer to

people see themselves as they think others see them

Stanley milgrams research in which subjects used a shock generator showed that

people were surprisingly likely to follow orders of not only "legitimate" authority figures but also ordinary individuals

Cultural Patterns that are widespread among a society's population

popular culture

Status can be defined as

position, part of social identity, relationship with others

In a pluralist political system

power is widely dispersed throughout society

Social stratification is a concept that refers to

ranking categories in a hierarchy

Which is the following concepts refers to a social group that people use as a point of reference in making evaluations or decisions

reference group

"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime

refers to a violation of norms enacted into law

Which of the following concepts refers to the process by which people disengage from important social roles

role exit

The postindustrial economy is defined by

service work and computer technology

Our political, economic, medical and education systems can be best described as

social institutions

Which of the following concepts refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture

socialization

Cultural lag can best be defined as

some parts of cultural system change faster than others due to technology

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a distinctive characteristic of a total institution

staff members encourage individual growth of personality

Role strain can best be describe as

stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role

Your interested in collecting in depth information about how people develop their political views. The research method you should use is

survey research using interviews

A nations flag is considered a

symbol

The structural functional approach is concerned with

the consequences of social patterns for the operation of society

Which of the following is the most important primary group

the family

What does the sociological perspective show us about our choice of mate

the operation of society, and its rules, guide many of our personal choices

Soloman Asch's research, in which subjects were asked to match lines, shows

the power of group members to generate conformity

The basic idea of the symbolic interaction approach is that society is

the reality people construct as they interact with another