Sociology Final Exam
Deviance is defined as
the recognized violation of cultural norms
Personal space refers to
the surrounding area in which an individual makes claim to privacy
A spurious correlation can be defined as
two variables change together but neither one causes the othee
Prostitution is widely regarded as one example of a
victimless crime
Max Weber claimed that social position was based on a persons
wealth, power, and prestige
What is the term for crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of doing their jobs
white-collar crime
What are some of the reason you should be concerned with the incredibly large group defined as baby boomers?
-They are working longer and less like to retire from high paying jobs -they invented earth day -they have been influential in current policy
Based on part of Harlows study regarding social isolatiin
-contact with parents and at risk babies has increased -birthing rooms for entire families are common -some hospitals hire huggers to hold babies
Which of the following is a function of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim
-deviance affirms cultural values and norms-cannot have good without evil -responding time deviance can bring people together -deviance encourages social change
Which of the following statements regarding social mobility in the US is true
-for many workers, earning have stalled -more people working two jobs -more of today's jobs offer low pay
Capitalism is defined as
-private ownership of business for profit to individual
Caste systems
-require people marry within own caste -assign people to certain types of work -discourage social contact between people of different caste
Bureaucracy is a type of social organization characterized by
-specialized jobs -offices arranged in a hierarchy -lots of rules and regulations
Which of the following illustrates the medicalization of deviance
-theft being redefined as a compulsive disorder -drinking too much being redefined as alcoholism -promiscuity being redefined as a sexual addiction
_____ are rules about everyday, casual living;_____ are rules with great moral significance
Folkways; mores
which type of leader tends to downplay their position and power, allowing the group to function more or less on its own
Laissez-faire
Which is NOT a theoretical approach to culture
Post-industrial information
To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding
a fast food restaurant
The concept absolute poverty refers to
a lack of resources that is life threatening
According to Irving Janis, "groupthink" is defined as
a tendency of group members to conform to narrow view of some issue
What are some of the impacts caused by technology
all of above
Which of the following factors affect social class standing in the US
all of above
A major advantage of using existing data is
all of the above
One reason to oppose letting prostitution be a matter of personal choice involving two adults is that
all of the above
which of the following are considered a function of humor
all of the above
when people model themselves after the members of peer groups they would like to join, walking the walk and talking the talk, they are
anticipatory socialization
A hate crime is defined as
any criminal act motivated by racial or other bias
Sociologists define a symbol as
anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture
You would be expressing a "stereotype" if you
apply a simplified description to every person in some category.
John jones is a teenager and son. These social positions are described as
ascribed statues
John Jones is a teenager and son. These social positions are best described as
ascribed status
What are the four types of social control
attachment, belief, commitment, involvement
While prejudice is a matter of____, discrimination is a matter of______
attitude; action
The class system is
based on birth and individual achievement
Institutional prejudice and discrimination refers to the fact that
bias is built into the operation of social institutions
Race refers to_____ considered important by a society; ethnicity refers to
biological traits; cultural traits
A maximum security prison is one example of a
coercive organization
If someone commits embezzlement, what type of crime is this
corporate
Subculture refers to
cultural patterns that set off a part of a society's population
Subculture refers to
cultural patterns that set off a part of a society's population.
What is the term for the beliefs,values, behavior and material objects that, together, constitute a people's way of life?
culture
Experiencing discomfort and fear when confronted with a strange way of life or culture is called
culture shock
The concept of "global economy" refers to
economic activity that moves across national borders.
A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as being "backward" for tilling his fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractors is displaying
ethnocentrism
The most influential agent in socialization is the
family
The gender-conflict approach can be best described as
focusing on the inequality and conflict between men and women
To evaluate a theory using evidence, sociologists
gather data or facts
true sociological perspective involves seeing____patterns in the behavior of _____people.
general;particular
what term refers to an invisible, yet real, barrier that prevents many women from rising beyond middle-management positions?
glass ceiling
A social conflict approach to sports would be an analysis of
how sports reflect social inequality
The weight of evidence indicated that sexual orientation is due mostly to
human biology, although society plays some role
Cultural change is set in motion in three general ways. They are
invention, discovery, and diffusion
A bureaucracy and computer technology have spread throughout US society, privacy
is threatened as never before
The concept retrospective labeling refers to
labeling someone's past based on their present deviance
The idea that deviance and conformity result not only from what people do but from how others respond to those actions is defined as
labeling theory
The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as
manifest functions
any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society sets apart and subordinates is called a
minority
According to the social conflict approach, what is a social labels as deviant is based mostly on
patterns of inequality and who has more power
Cooley used the term "looking glass self" to refer to
people see themselves as they think others see them
Stanley milgrams research in which subjects used a shock generator showed that
people were surprisingly likely to follow orders of not only "legitimate" authority figures but also ordinary individuals
Cultural Patterns that are widespread among a society's population
popular culture
Status can be defined as
position, part of social identity, relationship with others
In a pluralist political system
power is widely dispersed throughout society
Social stratification is a concept that refers to
ranking categories in a hierarchy
Which is the following concepts refers to a social group that people use as a point of reference in making evaluations or decisions
reference group
"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime
refers to a violation of norms enacted into law
Which of the following concepts refers to the process by which people disengage from important social roles
role exit
The postindustrial economy is defined by
service work and computer technology
Our political, economic, medical and education systems can be best described as
social institutions
Which of the following concepts refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture
socialization
Cultural lag can best be defined as
some parts of cultural system change faster than others due to technology
Which of the following statements does NOT describe a distinctive characteristic of a total institution
staff members encourage individual growth of personality
Role strain can best be describe as
stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role
Your interested in collecting in depth information about how people develop their political views. The research method you should use is
survey research using interviews
A nations flag is considered a
symbol
The structural functional approach is concerned with
the consequences of social patterns for the operation of society
Which of the following is the most important primary group
the family
What does the sociological perspective show us about our choice of mate
the operation of society, and its rules, guide many of our personal choices
Soloman Asch's research, in which subjects were asked to match lines, shows
the power of group members to generate conformity
The basic idea of the symbolic interaction approach is that society is
the reality people construct as they interact with another