Sociology midterm

How do sociologists define a minority group?: A A group that makes up less than 50% of the total population B A group that makes up less than 20% of the total population C A group whose members suffer from unequal treatment D A group that is smaller in numbers than the dominant group E A group that is overrepresented in the educational system

C A group whose members suffer from unequal treatment

What is it called when a minority group is absorbed into the dominant group?: A Segregation B Population transfer C Assimilation D Internal colonialism E Multiculturalism

C Assimilation

Why do many people hope that the internet will have a democratic influence on society?: A Because it will make the economy more efficient, thus generating more wealth for all B Because it will help traditionally underrepresented communities access to power, privilege, and influence C Because in online interactions, there is no way to see what other people look like in person D Because it will help train poor people to use technology E Because it lets corporations gather large amounts of data about individual consumers

C Because in online interactions, there is no way to see what other people look like in person

What factors make someone most likely to drop out of high school?: A Parents who didn't attend college B Living in a rural area C Coming from a non-english speaking background D Living in the Midwest E Living in a single-parent home

C Coming from a non-english speaking background

According to conflict theory, what is the real source of racism?: A In the need for social solidarity and group cohesion B In the people who attempt to live as if they were members of a different racial group C In the struggle for power and control D In the desire for assimilation E In the ways that people use cost-benefit analysis to decide if they want to display their ethnicity

C In the struggle for power and control

How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?: A It involves attitudes or opinions B It can be either positive or negative C It is more systematic and widespread D It is less harmful E It almost never happens today, while individual discrimination is still very common

C It is more systematic and widespread

The belief that Asians are genetically predisposed to be more intelligent than Europeans is an example of: A Discrimination B Cultural assimilation C Racism D Racial passing E Multiculturalism

C Racism

How have racial problems manifested on the internet?: A There are almost no racial problems on the internet because no one can see what others look like B There are only online racial problems on internet sites that allow users to upload pictures C The internet is not a place where negative racial distinctions disappear, they simply appear in different ways D Racial problems are much worse on the internet than in everyday life E Racial problems only occur on the internet when people from different countries interact

C The internet is not a place where negative racial distinctions disappear, they simply appear in different ways

What are the positive consequences of racial and ethnic categories?: A They help lead to a hierarchy B They allow for split labor markets C They create a sense of identity and lead to feelings of solidarity D They help create conditions of inequality E They help create a large pool of people who can be forced to work the less desirable jobs

C They create a sense of identity and lead to feelings of solidarity

How do the demographics within the state of California challenge the way the term "minority" has been used in the past?: A Hispanics are a numerical minority but are very socially powered B There are far fewer African Americans than in the rest of the country C Whites are now less than half of the population D California has a much wider variety of racial and ethnic groups E California is more tolerant of its ethnic diversity

C Whites are now less than half of the population

According to William Julius Wilson, racism has created a black underclass, but it is perpetuated by: A More racism B Institutional racism C Racial passing D Economic factors E Redlining

D Economic factors

Which major U.S. racial group has the lowest high school drop-out rate?: A African Americans B Hispanics C Caucasians D Native Americans E Asian Americans

E Asian Americans

Which racial group has the highest median income?: A Caucasians B African Americans C Hispanics D Native Americans E Asian Americans

E Asian Americans

What do sociologists call it when an African American individual is told they are not really "black enough"?: A Assimilation B Racism C Internal colonialism D Stereotyping E Identity challenges

E Identity challenges

The exploitation of a minority group within the dominant group's political borders is called: A Racial assimilation B Population transfer C Discrimination D Ethnic conflict E Internal colonialism

E Internal colonialism

When whites are less than half the population of any given state, it is called a: A Pluralistic state B Meta-diverse state C Post-modern state D Minority state E Majority-minority state

E Majority-minority state

What explanation does functionalism have for prejudice and discrimination today?: A Prejudice and discrimination are the result of a struggle for scarce resources B Prejudice and discrimination are perpetuated by economic factors, not racial ones C Prejudice and discrimination are established on an international level D Prejudice and discrimination are more or less nonexistent, because ad functionalism would predict, they are nonfunctional E Prejudice and discrimination help to increase group cohesion

E Prejudice and discrimination help to increase group cohesion

How is prejudice different from discrimination?: A Prejudice is an action, discrimination is an attitude B Prejudices can only be negative, discriminations can be negative or positive C Prejudice only occurs within minority groups, but discrimination can happen anywhere D Prejudice requires the negatively affected group to be a minority group E Prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is an action

E Prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is an action

Switzerland is home to Protestants and Catholics from French, German, and Italian ethnic backgrounds. What is the official language of Switzerland?: A French B German C Italian D Esperanto E There is no official language

E There is no official language

According to Angela Davis, why are African American teenage girls disproportionately likely to have children?: A Their culture values motherhood more than that of other racial and ethnic groups B They are less well-educated in methods of contraception C They value the welfare benefits that children bring D They are more likely to marry young, and so more likely to have children Young E They see few opportunities for education or work and choose motherhood instead

E They see few opportunities for education or work and choose motherhood instead

How do we decide when we display situational ethnicity?: A Depends on the holiday B Whenever our families demand it C Only for religious holidays D Near the end of the life cycle E We do a cost-benefit analysis

E We do a cost-benefit analysis

In the United States, which groups usually do not have a choice whether to display their race or ethnicity?: A Asian B Hispanic C Black D none of the above E all of the above

E all of the above

What does an individual need to be able to do in order to sound authentically African American when interacting with others online?: A Be able to include racially relevant content and language B Listen to the right kind of music C Set your avatar or picture, so it looks like an African American D Almost nothing, as long as you claim to be something people online have no way to tell E It's almost impossible, as no one trusts anything they encounter on the internet

A Be able to include racially relevant content and language

An action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of his membership in a racial or ethnic group is called: A Prejudice B Discrimination C Pluralism D Passing E Racial assimilation

B Discrimination

When members of a minority group learn the cultural practices of the dominant group they have undergone: A Internal colonialism B Racial passing C Racial assimilation D Cultural assimilation E Internalized hatred

D Cultural assimilation

Even though anti-miscegenation laws have been struck down, why are interracial relationships still relatively common?: A Powerful cultural stereotypes discourage them B Many people don't realize that such laws have been struck down C Members of interracial couples have a much harder time finding a job D Federal laws have been struck down but state and local laws remain E Young people remain almost universally intolerant of interracial romance

A Powerful cultural stereotypes discourage them

The deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, or national group is called: A Assimilation B Genocide C Colonialism D Internal colonialism E Population transfer

B Genocide

Societies that encourage racial and ethnic diversity have embraced the value of: A Pluralism B Colonialism C Globalization D Assimilation E Cultural assimilation

A Pluralism

According to sociologists like Howard Winant and Michael Omi, what is the relationship between race and class?: A Race is not a side effect of class; rather it permeates every aspect of daily life B Race is a secondary phenomenon that results from the class system C Class is really an unintended consequence of racial hierarchies D There is no relationship at all between race and class E Both race and class are created by the modern industrial economy

A Race is not a side effect of class; rather it permeates every aspect of daily life

What is the effect of a split labor market, in which a group of workers belonging to one race is paid less than those of a different race?: A The effects or racism are compounded by poverty B The need to assimilate and achieve greater group cohesion is strengthened C Racial tensions are lessened and conflict declines D Increasingly large numbers of workers may attempt to pass as another race E All of the above

A The effects or racism are compounded by poverty

What historical event is sometimes referred to as the "Forgotten genocide"?: A The massacre of 1.5 million Armenians by the Turkish Government after World War I B The slaughter of the Tutsis in Rwanda C The death of 6 million Jews in Europe during World War II D The ethnic cleansing carried out by the government of Serbia in the former Yugoslavia E Attacks on ethnic minorities in the Darfur region of Sudan

A The massacre of 1.5 million Armenians by the Turkish Government after World War I

How does Chapter 9 explain differences in the life expectancies for people of different races?: A Through disparities in access to health care B Through genetic differences in predispositions to various diseases C Through biological differences, as different races have radically different hormones and gland problems D Through greatly increased levels of violence from law enforcement directed at certain racial groups E All of the above

A Through disparities in access to health care

What is the goal of affirmative action?: A To increase diversity B To disadvantage white students C To achieve reverse discrimination D To provide a justification for legal challenges E To increase the prestige of a given institution

A To increase diversity

The fact that so many people get asked, "What are you?" in reference to their race is evident that: A Race is not all that important B Race has to be established interaction-ally C Race has a fundamental biological basis D It is usually easy to tell someone's race just by looking at them E People are generally very comfortable talking about their own race

B Race has to be established interaction-ally

What is it called when members of a racial minority group intermarry and have children with members of the dominant group until the races are completely mixed?: A Cultural assimilation B Racial assimilation C Racial passing D Segregation E Population transfer

B Racial assimilation

A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group as compared to another is: A Discrimination B Racism C Prejudice D Pluralism E Assimilation

B Racism

Rather than seeing racism as a product of class differences, new theorists like Tomas Almaguer argue that: A Class differences are a product of racism B Racist beliefs can become part of economic life C Race and class have nothing in common at all D Many minority groups actually benefit from government policies, and it is actually whites who are discriminated against E There are actually very few economic differences between racial groups

B Racist beliefs can become part of economic life

Displays of ethnic identity that only occur on special occasions are called: A Celebratory ethnicity B Symbolic ethnicity C Situational ethnicity D Quiet Race E Religious identity

B Symbolic ethnicity

What racial issue does functionalism help to explain?: A The persistence of racial divisions in America today B The assimilation of European ethnic groups into larger society C The continued existence of a distinct Hispanic identity and culture in the United States D The everyday mechanisms of racial passing E The way that race permeates lived experience and everyday life

B The assimilation of European ethnic groups into larger society

What metaphor best describes cultures that have embraced multiculturalism and pluralism?: A The melting pot B The salad bowl C The reservation D The crucible E The fondue pot

B The salad bowl

According to Chapter 9, why are poor women less likely to marry?: A They are less likely to be in love B They feel the men they encounter are less likely to offer advantages that make marriage worth the risk C They come from a culture of poverty that places less value upon the institution of marriage D They are officially discouraged from doing so by the government E The costs associated with a wedding and a marriage license is often out of Reach for poor women

B They feel the men they encounter are less likely to offer advantages that make marriage worth the risk

Despite the demographic shifts, how can you tell that whites are still the dominant group in the state of California?: A Because they discriminate against other racial and ethnic groups B They still remain dominant in terms of power, resources, and representation in social institutions C They are overrepresented in prisons D They are overrepresented as victims of violent crimes E Because the Affirmative Action policies are still in place

B They still remain dominant in terms of power, resources, and representation in social institutions

How did the G.I. Bill of Rights, which provided funds for home loans, affect African Americans?: A It greatly aided the creation of an African American middle class B Though it was written to help all veterans regardless of race, African Americans were typically excluded from home ownership C It helped those who had served in the military, but there were relatively few African American veterans D It provided assistance to African Americans in the north, but here was still too much prejudice in the north E It helped African Americans buy houses in black neighborhoods, but not anywhere else

B Though it was written to help all veterans regardless of race, African Americans were typically excluded from home ownership

What does the African American poet Derrick Gilbert, who hopes to both educate and entertain, say about the idea that race is less important than class in contemporary American society?: A He agrees, and argues that economic relief for inner city communities is necessary to help end racism B He agrees, but thinks that such problems can only be addressed through racial reparations C He disagrees, and argues that white people are holding stereotypes long after everyone else has abandoned them D He disagrees, and argues that everyone, regardless of race has engaged in racial stereotyping E He disagrees, and argues that it is actually other racial and ethnic groups that continue to engage in racial stereotyping

D He disagrees, and argues that everyone, regardless of race has engaged in racial stereotyping

In the early 19th century, Native Americans who had survived clashes with the United States army were forcibly removed to reservations. This is an example of: A Genocide B Assimilation C Pluralism D Population transfer E Multiculturalism

D Population transfer

"All Irish are drunks" is an example of: A Discrimination B Miscegenation C Passing D Prejudice E Underrepresentation

D Prejudice

What is it called when someone lives as if they were a number of a different racial category than the one they were born into?: A Assimilation B Cultural imperialism C Racial self-hatred D Racial passing E Racial stereotyping

D Racial passing

When someone who doesn't typically identify as Irish wears a green shirt, drinks green beer, and wears a "Kiss me, Im Irish" t -shirt on St. Patricks day, it's an example of: A Posing B Prejudice C Disembodied identities D Symbolic ethnicity E Situational ethnicity

D Symbolic ethnicity