Sociology of Deviance Module 9-14

According to Goffman's concepts of "______" and "back regions" can be used to clarify what it is in a social position that creates opportunities for crime, because those concepts have to do with how a concealed space for maneuvering is established by preventing others' insight

Barries

Pager's research offers what evidence about the effects of prison on employment?

Direct evidence of a causal relationship between a criminal record and negative employment outcomes.

According to the Adlers in article 48, persons who do reenter the drug world:

Do not always return to same level of dealing/smuggling nor to handling the same drug product, entering a "career shift"

Adler & Adler talk about how many of those impacted by Self-Injuring would be viewed, prior to these digital communities, as loner deviants. While those who did not have access to these communities would still fall into this category of individuals perceived as "loners" committing socially viewed acts of deviance, those who did engage in these communities would exemplify what classic enactment talked about by Erving Goffman?

Double life

Social smokers use a variety of terms to distinguish between levels of commitment to smoking. Which of the following examples is not one mentioned within chapter 46?

Drinking smoker

According to Arena, within Chapter 38, the Hezbollah is broken into various tiers. According to your readings what does Arena state is the third tier of the system in place for the Hezbollah?

Eight units of the Executive Council

Which of the following is the best description of iDollators according to Herman-Kinney and colleagues' study?

Engaged in individual deviance or solitary deviance

In the OcyContin: Time Bomb video, doctors discuss how they wanted to help patients with their pain, and the new opioid drugs allowed for that. Tammy, one of the opioid abusers in the video, also discussed encouraging her mother to take the pills for pain relief. Given what you have learned about the deviant career in week 13, encouragement by others provides a way to:

Enter a deviant career

The Existential Obstacles play a large role in creating anxiety within the process of disconnecting from a label, but the Interactional Obstacles can also build a sense of _____ and _____ when disassociating with the group identity.

Guilt and Fear

Howard suggests that delabelers who have involvements in alternate jobs, relationships and hobbies:

Have a far easier adjustment than those who exited without them

Arena brings up a very interesting point when it comes to terrorism, and that is that it can be run and viewed liked an organization. Arena states that the Hezbollah built into a ________________, and whose territorial divisions parallel Lebanon's governments.

Hierarchical Pyramid

Miller, within Chapter 37, talks about the stratification that is within the social organization known as "Gangs". In all aspects of society there stands a ___________ or a system of importance that is understood, followed and observed by all members of a social dynamic. Miller points, similar to other social organizations, that there is an unbalanced __________. When looking at Women's involvements within "gangs" in the Columbus area there is still a strong shift of power governed and controlled by men.

Hierarchy ; Gender inequality

According to Scull's study, presenting one's self as possessing exaggerated characteristics such as being assertive, uncaring, forceful, strong and dominant is referred to as:

Hypermasculity

As mentioned in your readings Michalowski and Kramer (2006:20), talk about how the concept of state-corporate crimes include ______ or ________ action that result from mutually reinforcing interactions between the policies and practices of one or more institutions of political governance and one or more institutions of economic production and distribution.

Illegal ; Socially injurious

According to Williamson and Cluse-Tolar, the most revealing form of pimp-related violence was:

Immediate attack following a violation of such rules as leaving work area early without making daily quota

Accordingly to Klein (1995), Gangs are social groups that are organized around _________.

Delinquency

Like an employee going from an active participant in an organization to a retired former employee of said organization a transition in identity can be hard and personal. The role of going from an identity status to a _______ status creates internal struggles and identity issues, as talked about within chapter 49.

"Ex-role"

According to Goffman, which of the following is a form of stigma?

A physical deformity Being part of an undesirable social group A character flaw

According to Williamson and Cluse-Tolar, all of the following are the "game" rules for pimping EXCEPT:

A pimp must "show his game"

According to Scull's study, conveying an impression of sexual interest by dancers to customers, even though it is not genuine, is referred to as:

Counterfeit intimacy

One of the findings of Whitesel's and Shuman's study is that social smokers:

Align themselves with nonsmokers

According to Merton (1957) the type of socialization that goes into the "party scene" is called _________ and is fueled by both partiers and non-partiers agreeing that one was "supposed" to party in college. The expectations of partying in college is spurred on by the media, siblings, peers and parents which is why Merton's idea holds ground towards expectations and reality.

Anticipatory Socialization

Newmahr analysis, within Chapter 41, identified four distinct discourses of pain which are called: Transformed pain, Sacrificial Pain, Investment pain and ________ Pain.

Autotelic

According to Howard, delabelers who report pressure to remain identified as "disordered" fits with which of the following obstacles?

Cultural obstacle

Based on what you learned about the deviant career in the deviant careers lecture notes, which of the following would be a pull factor for an opioid abuser to exit deviance?

Being encouraged by family members and doctors to stop using

The Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) was granted ownership federally with the passage of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act or (OCSLA) in 1953. Under the OCSLA the secretary of interior was charged with overseeing and administering the lease, a task that was to be coordinated by the BLM and the USGS. Under this arrangement the BLM was responsible for reviewing nominations for leases and overseeing competitive bids on the basis of the highest cash bonus bid with fixed royalty or the highest percentage bid with fixed cash basis. What does the Acronym for BLM and USGS stand for?

Bureau of Land Management ; U.S. Geological Survey

Within your readings in Chapter 41 the author establishes a "fake" name for a community. What is the name of the community that is based around a urban sadomasochism group in the northeastern United States, that the author did ethnographic research within?

Caeden

Based on Holt's study, which of the following best reflects the amount of effort applied to learning the tradecraft of hacking?

Commitment

Within the Social Sciences the term ____________ is contested. The meaning can vary widely. However, it is always about boundaries. At the core of the word it is used to draw lines between insiders and outsiders.

Community

According to the Vecitis' typology, the category of women who reported a history of disordered eating prior to their instrumental prescription drug use for weight loss is:

Conventional overconformists

Looking into White-Collar Crime the ideas conceptualized by Sutherland have been highly studied and analyzed. A Discussion of which component is most central among his ideas has been attempted to be refined over and over again. The better-known notions that have defined the orientation of this research field, the most important are considered to be ____ and ____ crime, which place the focus on crimes that occur through and on behalf of companies or committed by virtue of the position that accrues to a person in his/her professional role.

Corporate ; Occupational

Women, within gangs/sets, had alternative ways to gain power/status that were specifically linked to engendered social dynamics. Many of the interviewees that Miller talked to pointed that the qualifications of what made a woman "hard" within gangs was not held to the same status as men, and interestingly many of the most respected women were cousins/sisters and even girlfriends of the OG (Original Gangsta) and thus gained power and status similar to the idea of ________ and ________ which has been used for social divisions of stratification in all social and societal structures.

Exogamy ; Endogamy

Deshotels and Forsyth (2007) stated that the Internet is an especially effective environment for spawning and supporting communities formed around __________, which characterize much loner deviance.

Extreme Behaviors

According to Chapter 46, social smoking is a mode of social interaction characterized by self-deception, _______, and repositioning within a culturally unavailable category.

Face-saving

A 1997 National Institute of Justice study estimated that between one-third of women are the victims of completed or attempted rape while in college (Fisher, Cullen and Turner 2000).

False

According to Chapter 43, the objective of women and men are similar when it comes to getting what is "wanted" in the party scene, or social scene of college. Men & Women are both focused on achieving the ideal appeal and the objective way to achieve this is to successfully pull the object of your desire and engage in sexual interaction to show your dominance and success. Men and Women do view the social dynamic differently, but the goal at the end is the same.

False

Adler & Adler talk about the digital communities and the roles that they played in many of the participants lives. A common theme that was illustrated within your reading was that once someone had moved on, and was no longer impacted by what had lead them to the cyber communities they would still moderate and never leave this community. The common theme in this article is that these subcultures bolstered, for most, a life-long membership in a community of kindred spirits.

False

As talked about in Chapter 41, acquiring membership in the scene includes socialization to the practices and the meanings those practices had for participants. Within the chapter it is focused by pointing out two concepts that are key to SM subculture. Those two are: Submission and Dominance.

False

Hezbollah was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the U.S. Department of state in 1997. The reach, destruction and terrorism of the group has been responsible for more American Causalities than any other terrorist regime/group to this very day.

False

One of the major things mentioned within Chapter 49 was that all the subjects had been diagnosed by a licensed psychiatrist and that self-diagnosis was not used within this sample of participants.

False

Pager's research shows a very important dynamic between the lack of evidence supported towards the racial impact of the "correctional" system. It may be shown that a disproportionate amount of people of color are locked up, once you have served time you are labeled and categorized and your race plays no part in the life after prison.

False

Steve is a millionaire client who is investing a certain portion of his income to the responsibility of a Broker. Steve has made it clear that his focus is on a merger with a new company, and it won't be a priority for him to check in on a regular basis to hold the hands of the investor he is working with. Jacob, his broker, loses millions of dollars over the course of 5 years and is able to hide the losses in various fake accounts and is not held accountable by Steve for quite some time. Many years later, as losses started to show, Steve calls out Jacob who is eventually fired. The fault in this situation is with Jacob and not with Steve as it was the investors job to alert the financier of the losses, and Steve holds no fault at all in this situation.

False

When Miller is talking about the roles of leadership, and the connection to what is perceived to be "Representational" of the "set" surprisingly it is shown to have a diverse and not as engendered perspective as Miller had thought, originally. Miller was surprised to learn, through qualitative research, that the gender roles attributed to what is "gang" approved was fairly non-hyper masculine and not strictly set towards the betterment of men within sets/gangs as he thought prior to conducting interviews.

False

According to Williamson & Clues-tolar, someone who controls the actions and lives off the proceeds of one or more women who work the streets is called a _________.

Pimp

Williamson & Cluse-Tolar were able to have interesting conversations through the use of Qualitative Interviews with people who were apart of "The Life". One interview, in particular, with a Pimp exposed the rules to the game, and what is needed to be a successful pimp. The "Rules" of the Game break down to three main things. According to your readings, the three rules below are they true or false? 1. The pimp must get paid. 2. Sold and not Told 3. Never use your own merchandise.

False

"You ever had an urge before? Maybe a cigarette urge or a food urge, where you eat that and you got to have more and more? That's how that crack is. You smoke it and it hits you in the back of the throat and you got to have more. I'll smoke that sixteenth up and get through, it's like I never had none. I got to have more. Therefore, I gots to go do another burglary and gets some more money." - Participant No. 009 Lemert has labelled situations like these as "Dialectical, self-enclosed systems of behavior" in that they have an internal logic or _______, which calls for more of the same. Lemert states that participants experience considerable pressure to continue, even if this involves breaking the law.

False structure

Chapter 44 talks in detail about 3 examples of barriers that obstruct other people such as clients, colleagues, chiefs and others from suspecting and discovering criminal events. We have talked about two with the idea of Low Priority of Control & Interpretative Primacy. However, there is a third method used to protect/hide and allow White-Collar crime to happen and go mostly ignored and that method is called...

Financial Self-Interest

Walker (1984: viii) has pointed out that, in order to develop a convincing explanation for criminal behavior, we must begin by "distinguishing the states of mind in which offenders commit, or contemplate the commission of, their offenses." Similarly, Katz (1988: 4), arguing for increased research into what he calls the _____________, has noted that all of the demographic information on criminals in the world cannot answer the following question:"Why are people who were not determined to commit a crime one moment determined to do so the next?"

Foreground of criminality

Based on Armstrong and colleagues' study, which of the items below best fits the following student quote: "You see these images of college that you're supposed to go out and have fun and drink, drink lots, party ... [You are] supposed to hook up with guys, and both men and women try to live up to that. I think a lot of it is girls want to be accepted into their groups and guys want to be accepted into their groups."

Gender neutral peer culture expectations support party scene

According to Sutherland and the use of the concept of white-collar crime the ability to take advantage or act in this type of deviance was made possible by what?

Positions in power

According to your readings in Chapter 38 the Hezbollah has profited greatly from IPC. The ability to take advantage of these systems has provided great wealth and advantages to many terrorist organizations, especially the Hezbollah. What does IPC stand for?

Intellectual Property Crime

According to Armstrong and colleagues, peer culture and organizational arrangements may contribute to dangerous situations for women, but for sexual assault to occur which of the following must be present?

Interaction where men employ coercive sexual strategies taking advantage of women's niceness, gender deference, and lack of control of party resources

As talked about in Chapter 44 brokers can take advantage of __________ in order to hide their deviance behind the ignorance of others in a certain area, or a knowledge of something that is complicated and thus people avoid looking into out of lack of understanding.

Interpretive Primacy

Wright and Decker report nearly three-fourths of respondents reported using proceeds from burglary to:

Keep the party going

According to Holt's study, concern over potential law violations have what type of effect on hacker behavior?

Little

Armstrong, Hamilton & Sweeney observe that "blaming the victim" is a most common response on the part of:

Men and women who attribute bad experiences to women's "mistakes," "stupidity," "immaturity," and avoid criticizing the party scene overall

Scull's study focused primarily on:

Men dancers

As the corporate and governmental interests have become incestuously joined, and favoritism and ______ have replaced the free-market economy when it comes to government projects. This climate has fostered one of the greatest environments for the growth of ____________. The oil industry, the tobacco industry and the pharmaceutical industry are three industries that notably come to mind as enmeshed in governmental connections and decision making.

No-bid Contracts ; White-Collar Crime

The most common criterion for inclusion is involvement; unknown SM participants may be "kinky", but they are not considered part of the community. Players are able to, and many do, successfully arrange their lives around scene activities, avoiding _________ (Goffman, 1963).

Normals

According to Whitesel and Shuman, what are the two hallmarks of social smokers as having nonsmoker identities?

Not having cigarettes and not having lighters

According to Herman-Kinney et al.'s study, iDollators are persons who are aficionados of high-end love dolls who use them:

Not only as sex toys but also for companionship

According to the Vecitis' typology, the category of women who reported initially using street drugs for recreational purposes, and only later transformed their drug use into an instrumental pattern for weight control, is:

Opportunists

Interestingly when we look at the lives associated with "The Game" as talked about by Williamson & Cluse-Tolar we can find a direct connection to Karl Marx's Conflict theory as well as Mills. The Pimps, Players and Macks are the Bourgeoisie who are in control of the means of production, and the economic benefit that is provided through services rendered. In this context the Pimps, Players and Macks represent the ______ as talked about by C. Wright Mills, The Prostitutes and "street workers" represent the _________ who provide the goods, make the goods and are not fiscally given equal share of said "Goods" as they are viewed as subordinates not equals.

Power Elite; Proletariat

When people are affiliated with a community, that identity is often then transferred to them. Lemert (1967) talks how __________, when able to stay hidden has the luxury of of being able to be denied and Becker (1963) echoed this theme calling this _________ and how they are unlikely to view themselves as deviants because of this ability/luxury.

Primary Deviance ; Secret Deviants

According to Herman-Kinney et al.'s study, all of the following are the "real" functions of dolls EXCEPT:

Provided the men an opportunity to meet other iDollators who wanted to share their experiences with a support group

According to Chapter 43, explanations of high rates of sexual assault on college campuses fall into three broad categories. Which of the three categories is best understood to match the example within this question? Example: "Dave is a nice guy, and I know he can be a bit of a "Jerk" at times, but his actions are understood. I mean, like, men are more sexually aggressive and thats just normal as all men are this way, ya know... Also if we are being honest Jackie was kind of leading him on right? She wasn't like, telling him to stop or anything.. So I kinda think she was misleading him with her actions, ya know?"

Rape culture

In Pager's study, what were the racial differences in the effects of a criminal record in terms of callbacks from employers?

Ratio of callbacks for nonoffenders to offenders for whites was 2:1 and for blacks 3:1.

According to Lauritsen, Sampson and Laub (1991) we now have strong evidence that delinquent lifestyles are associated with _________.

Risk of victimization

According to Wright and Decker, a few offenders reported committing burglary primarily for the

Risk, thrill, and excitement

The gradual decrease in state sponsorship for terrorism has forced many terrorist organizations to seek alternative sources of funding, Where one door closes, multiple door are opened (in theory). The idea of Hidden Economies or "Black Markets" are something talked about in all areas of Sociology. Of the options below, what is not a type of alternative to funding that was mentioned by Arena in your text?

Sex/Child Trafficking

Chapter 41 gives an examples of how participants in various subcultures and "scenes" find a bond created by what?

Shared life experiences, norms, values and shared objectives

Chapter 41 discusses an important factor that is within the world and community of SM. The various involvements, rituals, norms and shared experiences provide a Sociological perspective and that is a ___________ of Pain. This ideology connects the elements that we study in Sociology as well as the topic of deviance in a interesting and impactful way. The various interactions, roles, scenes and situations all play into what is discussed as a ____________. This proves to be one of the major themes and components to this chapter and topic overall.

Social Construction ; Power Exchange

Erving Goffman's ability to discuss both Barriers and Back Regions have been used to show more precisely how __________ strengthens the possibility of carrying out economic crime. The fundamental idea that opportunities for crime arise where individuals, by virtue of their positions, build up barriers that hinder others from controlling a course of events shows the power of this concept in many, many ways.

Social positions

Wright & Decker discuss the topic of residential burglars, and according to Shover (1991) there is a pattern that emerges as which demographic is more commonly associated to these. According to your readings what population/demographic below matches these findings?

Young, male, and poor

State-corporate crime can be categorized into two distinct forms: State-facilitated corporate crime and ___________. State facilitation of corporate crime occurs when government institutions of social control clearly fail to establish regulatory institutions that are capable of restraining deviant activities by business, because of either direct collusion or employed by the government undertakes deviant or illegal action at the direction, or with the tacit approval, of government. The concept of ________________ has three useful characteristics for understanding deviant interactions between government and business as organizational actors. First, by highlighting the relationship between social institutions, it refutes the notion that organizational deviance is a discreet act. Second, by embracing the relational character the concept crime demonstrates how the horizontal interactions between political and economic institutions contain the potential for illegal and social injurious actions to occur.

State-initiated corporate crime

According to Bradshaw's article, the BP oil spill was a result of which of:

Systematic collusion between government policies and industry practice

According to Williamson and Cluse-Tolar, the time during which the prostitute is entering the profession of street-level prostitution is when:

The pimp is "turning her out"

According to Scull's article, all of the following represent studied examples of women being aggressive toward male dancers EXCEPT:

Threatening a dancer's life

Which of the following best summarizes the purpose of Pager's study?

To assess the effect of a criminal record on white and black job seekers

Pager's research, and the chapter on the Mark of a Criminal Record is very powerful, and illustrates what famous theory of Erving Goffman? That talks about the impact that being in places like "Prison" can have on ones own understanding as well as the social expectations that are now placed upon you?

Total Institutionalism

According to Adler and Adler in article 48, phase outs from the drug world were more often temporary than permanent, and reentry consisted of:

Two possibilities, as seen from individual's perspective: comeback or relapse

For the most part, as the best example of loner

Using lies and secrecy to keep their deviance hidden

Membership within Deviant Organizations, such as gangs, have shown to escalate youth's involvement in crime, including but not limited to _______ More over, research on gang violence indicates that the primary targets of this violence are more commonly ________ (Block and Block 1993;Decker 1996; Klein and Maxson 1989, Sanders 1993).

Violent Crime ; Other Gang Members

According to Armstrong, Hamilton & Sweeney college comes with certain "expectations" and that is to have a time of drinking, socializing and getting the old, "College Experience". Universities, facing scrutiny, have imposed what are called "strikes" from the deaths and rapes that have occurred due to this lifestyle. These strikes have been enforced by the university as well as through people such as Resident Advisors (RA) and other punitive measures of enforcement. As these strikes and enforcements have impacted those living on campus many people have been pushed to the "partying" scene within the walls of fraternity life. This is most commonly followed, as talked about by Armstrong, Hamilton & Sweeney, by the demographic of ______ populations.

White, middle class