sociology test 1

When applying theories to an issue, sociologists differ from the average person by being ______ in their approach.

. systematic

Which of the following is a benefit to unstructured interviews?

Respondents can cover issues that are meaningful to them.

José's parents speak Spanish only. José learns English while attending high school and teaches his parents a little each night. What does José's teaching exemplify?

Reverse socialization

Which statement about symbols is TRUE for a symbolic interactionist?

Symbols can be interpreted in many ways, which makes interaction fluid

Which of these is the title of Max Weber's best-known piece of work?

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Which of these do prison and military boot camps exemplify

Which of these do prison and military boot camps exemplify

According to most sociologists, what is the essential difference between humans and other animals?

ability ton interact with other humans

The last step in the scientific method according to the text is which of these

analyze the data in relation to the hypothesis

oe teaches his son, Arman, how to cook, so Arman will have these skills when he moves out next month. What does Joe's teaching exemplify?

anticipatory socialization

Mary's boss doesn't want to give her a promotion because she is a woman. Mary's boss is prejudicial toward Mary because of her ______ status.

ascribed

Julie is a high school teacher. On the same day she is due to give her students their final exam, her two children become sick. She doesn't know if she should stay home with her children or leave them with a sitter, so she can administer the exam. Which of these is Julie experiencing?

child conflict

Which term best describes the proletariat's realization that they are being exploited?

class consciousness

An example of ______ is the importance most people in the U.S. place on certain freedoms, such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion.

collective conscience

Which theory sees society as held together by power and coercion?

conflict theory

Leon's Facebook page is filled with photos of the many days he spends playing golf at expensive golf courses. Which of these concepts does Leon's Facebook page exemplify?

conspicuous leisure

Casey conducts a research study examining the violence contained within television shows in the past five years. Which method will Casey likely use?

content analysis

When a researcher wants to report the average cost of college tuition from the 1950s until present time, he or she enlists ______ statistics.

descriptive

Which of these refers to the sense of "two-ness" that arises from being both American and African American?

double consciousness

According to Georg Simmel, a ______ is the most basic of interpersonal relationships.

dyad

Lana has a theory about homelessness. She systematically gathers information through both observation and interviews to develop a theory. Which terms best fits Lana's activity?

empiricism

sociologist who spends an intensive amount of time for several years observing an immigrant community to understand their daily activities would be using which research method?

ethnography

What is the term for parenting that rejects binary gender roles?

gender neutral childbearing

An experiment to find out what effect gender had on the starting salary a person was offered across different occupations and seniority levels would examine______ as the independent variable and ______ as the dependent variable

gender; starting salary

an experiment to find out what effect gender had on the starting salary a person was offered across different occupations and seniority levels would examine______ as the independent variable and ______ as the dependent variable.

gender; starting salary

Jim goes to a New York Yankees game, sitting with other Yankees fans because they are all wearing the same colors and will cheer when the team does well. Which of these are New York Yankees fans to Jim?

his in group

Where is most qualitative research conducted?

in natural settings

Which sociologist developed the theory of "the looking-glass self"?

Charles Horton Cooley

Which statement would critical theories of race and racism agree with?

Colorblindness is a new form of racism.

Which of these is associated with symbolic interactionism?

George Herbert mead

Which theorist is best known for sociological works that pertained to women and feminism

Harriet Martineau

hich of these sociology students is engaging in participant observation?

Mary visits a first-grade classroom to conduct a study on teacher-student interactions and helps out in the classroom as a para-educator.

Ray wants to test a hypothesis on the relationship between educational level and income in Chicago. Ray would enlist which of these types of statistics?

inferential

A(n) ______ is a person sought out by the researcher using interview methods because he or she has intimate knowledge of the group being studied and will talk openly about it to the researcher.

key informant

When a researcher has greater control over the selection of participants and the independent variables, this is referred to as a(n) ______ experiment, and when the researcher has less control over the independent variables, this is referred to as a/an ______ experiment.

laboratory; natural

Students learn many things at school. One of them is to develop valuable skills, such as learning to schedule their time and the significance of deadlines. What type of function would sociologists identify as describing this type of learning?

latent function

Children reared in social isolation are unlikely to fully develop a self-image. Which of these theorists would say that is because they have had no one to respond to them?

looking-glass theory

Grog is a hunter in an early hunting and gathering society. Grog's tribe all does the same basic kinds of work: hunting, gathering, and cooking. Which type of solidarity would Émile Durkheim say best fits Grog's tribe?

mechanical

According to Émile Durkheim, early forms of society were held together by ______, in which people were connected because they performed similar types of work and shared similar beliefs and values

mechanical solidarity

Thomas Kuhn suggests that some disciplines are better described in a single-paradigm approach while others are better seen as multiple-paradigm sciences. In which group does sociology belong?

multiple-paradigm approach

Sociologists who gather information from such Internet sites as Facebook and Twitter are utilizing which research method?

netnography

Joe is studying prisoners behavior in a counseling session, but they can't see him because he is behind a shaded window. Which of these methods of research is he using?

nonparticipant observation

Which of these is a qualitative method?

open-ended interviews

When Trevor's computer stopped operating correctly, he called a computer repair technician to fix it. The computer repair technician depends on people like Trevor, who need computers fixed so that he can earn a livelihood. What best describes this type of relationship?

organic solidarity

Which of these is most associated with primary socialization?

parents

George Herbert Mead's theory of how the self develops over time includes the ______ and the ______ stages.

play, game

Which of these interviews asks the same questions worded exactly the same way to numerous subjects in order to avoid any unanticipated reactions or responses?

pre-structured

Mary is conducting open-ended interviews to research the relationship between college grades and the amount of time spent studying. This is an example of a ______ research method.

qualitative research

Joe studies arrest rates in major cities by examining Census Bureau data. Which type of research is Joe enlisting?

quantitative

Which theory is based on the idea that there are no fixed and stable identities that determine who we are?

queer theory

Which sample allows everyone in the population an equal chance of being selected?

random

Max Weber analyzed capitalism, but his real interest was in the increase of which of these?

rationalization

Heather helps Joe with his math homework, and in return, she expects that Joe will help her with her English homework. This is an example of which of these?

reciprocity

Which of these refers to the degree to which a given question produces the same results time after time?

reliability

Adam lost his job as a machine operator when his company moved overseas. He returned to school to become an accountant. Which process below describes Adam's experience?

resocialization

An example of a student's ______ is to study for a test and take notes.

role

When conducting a research study, sociologists follow the ______, which refers to a structured way to find answers to questions about the world.

scientific method

Proponents of feminist theory focus on how ideas pertaining to gender have been ______, rather than ______.

socially constructed; biologically determined

Sociologist Devah Pager randomly assigned fake criminal records to pairs of similar men who were applying for jobs to discover how race and a criminal record can affect the likelihood of being called back for an interview. This is a good example of which research method?

sociological experiment

A ______ is a person's position within a social system; a ______ is what is expected of a person in this position.

status, role

Which research method involves administering questionnaires to a representative portion of the population

survey research

Which of these is the sociological term for a three-person group?

triad

Which of these is important when conducting a study because it ensures that the question being asked is measuring what it is intended to measure?

validity

What is an ideal type?

a measuring rod to help us understand social reality

Karl Marx observed that workers produce virtually everything but get only a small portion of reward for it while the owners do little work and make large rewards off the labor of those who work for them. What is the term for this phenomenon?

Exploitation

According to Marx, class relations was defined by ________________ while Weber class situation and status was maintained through ________________

Exploitation, Exclusion

What did Karl Marx believe would happen to capitalism eventually?

It would get worse until the inequality gap led to workers overthrowing the system.

Which of these focused on the exploitation of workers in capitalist systems?

Karl Marx

Which of these is a disadvantage of secondary analysis

The data may not fit the researcher's needs

oe reviews the literature and comes to believe that as one's educational level rises, so does one's income. Joe has created which of these?

a hypothesis

Which of these is a key idea in network theory?

the strength of weak ties