SOCY340 - Ethnics

Approximately how many undocumented immigrants are estimated to be in the United States?

11 Million

What percentage of health care workers in the United States are foreign-born?

15 percent

Jewish Americans make up about _______ of the U.S. population.

2 percent

Asian Americans make up almost ________ of the U.S. population and currently account for about a ________ of all immigration.

5 percent; third

In his notion of "symbolic ethnicity," Herbert J. Gans sees ethnicity among Euro-Americans:

Becoming more of a voluntary expression of individual identity

The image of Irish as brutish and savage:

Began in England and was carried over to America

The largest percentage of Asian Americans lives in:

California

Which group represents the largest proportion of Asian Americans in the U.S.?

Chinese

The first Asian immigrants in the United States were the:

Chinese in the mid-19th century

The push-pull theory of immigration primarily stresses the importance of:

Cost-benefit analyses by potential immigrants

Which group has most effectively assimilated at the secondary structural level?

Cubans

The high socioeconomic position of Jewish Americans is most evident in their:

Family income

Which of the following statements best describes Latino views of the criminal justice system?

Fewer than half of Latinos believe the courts will deal with them fairly

What do studies indicate about the children of Latino immigrants?

For third-generation immigrants, English has become the primary - and for most, the only - language spoken

Which of the following are the two largest Euro-American ancestries today?

German and Irish

By 1860, the population of most of America's largest cities was nearly:

Half foreign-born

Most Vietnamese immigrants to the United States came as:

Political refugees

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Jewish American population today?

Their population is declining

Which statement best describes the Puerto Rican population?

They are considered a conquered group

Which statement best describes the current population patterns at Italian Americans?

They continue to reside most heavily in the Northeast

Which of the following statements best describes the Latino population in the United States?

They have extraordinary class diversity

American-born workers tend to view immigrants as:

Threats to their jobs and wages

In the case of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that:

Using race as a criterion in selecting students was legitimate if it was one among many criteria in creating a more ethnically balanced student body.

What controversy with regard to Muslim women occurred in France in 2010, the resolution of which is still playing itself out?

Wearing a niqab in public was declared illegal.

The Scotch-Irish were not considered part of the prototypical Irish ethnic group because they:

Were Protestant

Historically, Jews were more vulnerable to scapegoating because they:

Were non-Christians

Sikhs, an ethnic group from Northern India, have suffered victimization in the United States as a result of "looking" like Muslims. In reporting these cases, the media focuses most on the "mistaken identity" factor. This pattern illustrates that Islamophobic views may be different than other forms of racial discrimination in the U.S. in that they:

Are more socially acceptable

In the past, sociologist tended to connect ethnic issues primarily to problems of:

Assimilation

Today's U.S. immigrants appear to be most committed to:

Assimilation

The position of Italian Americans today in the American class system is:

At or above the average for Euro-American ethnic groups

Most Irish Catholics immigrated to the United States in the mid-1900s to:

Avoid famine

Third wave Arab immigrants:

Are more diverse in geographic origin, religion, gender, and social class than earlier waves.

Which of the following represents the numerical peak of European immigration, radically changing the ethnic character of U.S. society?

New Immigration

The largest Jewish American population resides in:

New York

One unique pattern exhibited by Asians is their ________.

Rapid rate of suburbanization

American popular culture is a global phenomenon; most immigrants have absorbed a good deal of it before they actually migrate. For example, a Brazilian can undergo the process of ________ (Gans, 1999) while retaining their "Latino ______"(Suro, 1998).

Anticipatory acculturation, sensibilities

About ________ of Asian-Americans have earned at least a bachelor's degree.

50 percent

Almost ____________ of Jewish families are above the national median income of $50,000. However, a recent survey found that __________ of Jewish households in New York City are living in poverty.

70 percent, 20 percent

What percentage of Italian Americans are marrying outside their ethic group?

75 percent

Surveys taken after Barack Obama, a self-identified African American, occupied the White House indicate that:

A slight majority of American expressed prejudice towards blacks, an increase since Obama's 2008 election

The Chinese Exclusion Act marked the first time that:

A specific group was formally barred from entrance into the U.S.

How do Arab Americans compare to Hispanics and African Americans in their level of structural assimilation?

Arab Americans tend to segregate more into neighborhood enclaves

Puerto Ricans are different from other Hispanic groups in that they:

Are already U.S. citizens before they immigrate

Values promoted within an ethnic group that shape whether a member of that group is successful can lead to:

Achievement Syndrome

The major institutions in American society today:

Are more accepting of multicultural or pluralist ideas and policies

Legal rulings in the U.S. Supreme Court continue to demonstrate ______ on the part of public officials and the courts toward affirmative action policies.

Ambivalence

The number of Jewish Americans is expected to decline as a result of:

An unusually low birth rate among Jewish women

The ethnic ideology expressed most forcefully in public places in the United States has been:

Anglo-conformity

Immigrants most similar in culture and appearance to the Anglo-Saxon core have been most easily accepted into the U.S. primarily because:

Anglo-conformity has generally been expected of immigrants

The assertion that "Jews choose money over people" is an example of:

Anti-Semitism

Most Latino Americans:

Believe that citizens and residents of the United States should learn English.

Public opinion polls regarding black-white relations reveal that a slight majority of:

Blacks believe that there will always be a problem

How does Islamophobia resemble anti-Semitism?

Both apply historical myths and fabrications to modern-day circumstances

How was the Chicanismo similar to the black nationalist movement?

Both movements were concerned with expanding socioeconomic opportunities

Corporations are likely to continue to implement preferential policies for minorities because:

Diverse labor force is essential for success in a diverse society

Gathering data on Arab Americans became a focus of the federal government in the late 1980s using surveillance technology from the:

Cold War

Most third wave Arab immigrants:

Come as family units

When examining the level of assimilation among Asian Americans, we should take into account that:

Much of the Asian American population today is foreign-born

The differences in the patterns of mobility between Jews and Italians reveal the:

Compatibility between the skills Jews brought and the needs of the American economy.

What is considered to be the mos plausible explanation for the rapid educational success among Asian Americans?

Confucian and Buddhist values

Since the end of the 1960s, the level of anti-Semitism in the United States has:

Declined

The "guest worker" system was proposed to help:

Deter illegal immigrants from entering the United States

Like other ethnic populations that have arrived primarily int he post-1965 era, Asian Americans:

Dwell mostly in large urban areas

Public attitudes toward immigration in the U.S. appear to depend most on:

Economic conditions

Arab Americans represent a broad range of social classes. For example, two-thirds of _________ hold at least a college degree and have a relatively high household median income, whereas the poverty rate of ________ is extraordinarily high.

Egyptians, Iraqis

_________ no longer play a major role in determining residential patterns among Jewish Americans.

Ethnic institutions

Omar, an Arab American, avoids traveling by air whenever possible. If he must fly, he makes sure to arrive at the airport at least three hours in advance to go through a rigorous questioning and screening process. What term best describes his predicament?

Ethnic profiling

Sally, a young Irish woman, came to the United States in 1870. The most likely reason for her immigration was to:

Have a better chance of finding a husband

Spanish continues to be a frequently used language in the U.S. today primarily because Hispanic immigrants:

Have become part of the dominant white culture.

In comparison to the United States, Arabs in Western Europe:

Have been targets of violence for decades

The election of President John F. Kennedy:

Helped Catholics enter the national political scene because of his belief in the absolute separation of church and state

Among the racial/ethnic categories used by the U.S. Census, which of the following is most often designated as an ethnic category?

Hispanic

Which of the following is NOT among the most likely future trends regarding immigration and the ethnic makeup of the United States?

Immigrants will come mostly from Europe and other highly developed societies

One aspect of the labor market different for immigrants today than in the early 20th century is the relative lack of:

Industrial jobs

Tarek, an Arab American, lives in Detroit and is part of the second largest Arab community there. The religious group with which Tarek is associated has a longer history in the city, and its members generally have a higher socioeconomic status. Tarek is most likely a(n):

Iraqi Chaldean

Which of the following groups was not present in American society in large numbers before the 1830s?

Irish

Which generation of Japanese American immigrants has been least successful at assimilating?

Issei

Socioeconomically, which group has "made it" to the largest degree in the United Sates?

Italian Americans

With respect to ethnic identity, which group has the most room to choose and maneuver?

Italian Americans

Iran is not considered an Arab country even though it is part of the Middle East region. What is the reasoning behind this?

Its language is distinct from those of Arab countries

________ in cities with large Jewish populations.

Jewish residential concentration still exists

Which of the following is most likely to be a second wave Arab immigrant?

Karim, who is Muslin and immigrated as a Palestinian refugee in 1953

According to Mary Waters, ethnicity is becoming:

Matter of personal preference

Among Latinos, _____________ is most strongly correlated to the acceptance of mainstream American values.

Language

____________ continues to draw the strongest divide between Hispanics and whites.

Language

Questions regarding the social impact of immigrants on American culture center on the issue of:

Language assimilation

Which statement best describes U.S. public opinion regarding racial and ethnic issues?

Latinos are less positive than whites about the way that minorities are treated

What U.S. Arab community has followed an almost classic passage of assimilation?

Lebanese Roman Catholics

A typical Jewish businessman in the early 20th century would be most likely to:

Live in rural areas with a significant need

Asian Americans are disproportionately among the most highly skilled but are comparatively underrepresented in __________ fields.

Managerial

The Atlantic journey of the Irish was similar to the passage of African slaves because:

Many Irish perished on board ships

Most of the immigrants from _________ are unskilled and take their place at the lowest levels of employment.

Mexico

Ziad, a Syrian immigrant, owns and operates a convenience store and gas station in a neighborhood that doesn't have a large department store. What role is he serving in his community?

Middleman

Asian Americans comprise an even more disparate panethnic category than Hispanic Americans because of their:

More diverse set of languages and religious traditions

The "melting pot" is a metaphor for describing how American society is becoming:

More homogeneous

How have first-generation Arab Americans adapted to the United States linguistically?

Most are fully bilingual and receive news from both English and Arabic sources

The newest immigrants (the Third Wave) differ from those of past immigrant waves in that they are mostly:

Non-European in origin

One important factor in accounting for the determination of immigrant Jews to succeed in American society was their understanding that they would:

Not return to their homeland

Which of the following factors most influenced second-wave immigrants (the "New Immigration") to settle in cities in the U.S.?

Occupation

Which of the following is true of contemporary immigration?

On average, about one million immigrants come to the U.S. each year

Approximately _________ of Asian Americans believe that group discrimination is a major problem.

One-eighth

Approximately ______ of people born into Jewish families after 1980 say they have no religion.

One-third

In a national survey of Latinos in 2010, about ___________ of respondents said they or a family member had experienced discrimination based on race or ethnicity in the past five years. Interestingly, _____________ of Americans say that Hispanics are discriminated against "a lot."

One-third; one-quarter

The most enduring negative stereotype that Italian Americans have to deal with is one of:

Organized crime

The Eastern European Jews differed from earlier Jewish immigrants in that they were:

Poorer and less educated

___________ became the basis of many anti-Jewish beliefs and actions that started in the 1900s.

Protocols of the Elders of Zion

What is one key factor contributing to the relatively slow cultural assimilation among Latinos, particularly Mexican Americans?

Proximity of their society of origin

Which Hispanic person or group has had the most openly militant approach?

Reies Lopez Tijerina

South Americans are most similar to Cubans in their:

Relatively high levels of education

Most of the children of Italian immigrants:

Remained in working-class jobs

Which of the following events occurred in the 1960s and had an equally strong impact on American society as the Civil Rights Movement?

Revised immigration laws

Which statement best describes the difference between the first and second wave of Asian immigration?

Second wave immigrants are considerably more diverse in national origin

The growing tendency for Americans to claim no religious affiliation suggests a trend towards:

Secularism

During Ramadan, the Islamic holy month, Muslims refrain from eating or drinking during daylight hours, breaking their fast each night. At one predominantly Muslim high school in Michigan, the football coach moved practices to late night for this month so players could observe their fast and eat before training. What does this scenario best illustrate?

Segmented assimilation

Third and fourth generation American whites:

Tend to follow common American culture patterns

The fact that immigrants do not always come from the poorest countries int eh world can be explained by which of the following?

Social networks

Dominicans resemble Puerto Ricans most in their:

Socioeconomic status

Which of the following were the major groups of the New Immigration, which occurred during the latter 19th and early 20th centuries?

Southern and eastern Europe

The roots of Mexican Americans come primarily from:

Spanish colonialism

Asian Americans are most similar to African Americans in which of the following ways?

Status as a visible racial minority

Operation Wetback was designed to:

Stem the flow of undocumented Mexican immigrants in the 1950s.

Which perspective proposes that a movement towards more complete assimilation proceeds irreversibly with each successive generation?

Straight-line theory

The Miami ethnic enclave is an example of:

Subeconomy that serves and employs Cuban immigrants

All of the following were responsible for the curtailing of large-scale immigration from Europe EXCEPT:

The Hart-Cellar Act

The internment of Japanese Americans in the 1940s was motivated by:

The bombing of Pearl Harbor

The essential idea of the "melting pot" was:

The cultures of different ethnic groups would eventually fuse into a single American culture

What two factors are most responsible for the third wave of Arab American immigrants?

The end of restrictive immigration quotas and the political unrest in the Middle East

A limitation of the push-pull theory is that it fails to account for:

The fact that many immigrants do not come from relatively poor countries

Which of the following has most contributed to Cuban success in the U.S.?

The favorable government policy towards Cubans

Corruption among Irish Americans politicians was largely due to:

The lack of a welfare state

What even caused large-scale Asian immigration into the U.S. between 1966 and 1984?

The liberalized immigration policy

Which of the following best explains the recent surge in Indian immigration to the U.S.?

The opportunity to study at an American university

What notorious legal case most reflects the anti-Italian and anti-immigrant sentiment of its time?

The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti

The higher socioeconomic status of the Lebanese in the United States is primarily the result of:

Their much earlier settlement in the United States

Who publicly labeled himself "Cabilasian"?

Tiger Woods

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided:

U.S. citizenship to Mexicans in newly acquired territories

Carl, a white American, is doing a school presentation for his history class after which he is asked to share his own ethnic heritage. He is stumped. He has heard offhand that he has ancestors from Germany and Ireland, and that he might even have a little Native American blood, but has never seen proof of such. Lieberson and Waters (1988) would call Carl a(n):

Unhyphenated white

Department stores such as Macy's and Bloomingdales are evidence of the:

Upward mobility of some early German Jews

Fernando, a Cuban American, immigrated to the United States in 1960. He would most likely be characterized as:

White

For U.S. Census purposes, Arabs are considered ________, and nearly two-thirds of Arab Americans self-identify as _______.

White; white