SOCY340 - Ethnics
Approximately how many undocumented immigrants are estimated to be in the United States?
11 Million
What percentage of health care workers in the United States are foreign-born?
15 percent
Jewish Americans make up about _______ of the U.S. population.
2 percent
Asian Americans make up almost ________ of the U.S. population and currently account for about a ________ of all immigration.
5 percent; third
In his notion of "symbolic ethnicity," Herbert J. Gans sees ethnicity among Euro-Americans:
Becoming more of a voluntary expression of individual identity
The image of Irish as brutish and savage:
Began in England and was carried over to America
The largest percentage of Asian Americans lives in:
California
Which group represents the largest proportion of Asian Americans in the U.S.?
Chinese
The first Asian immigrants in the United States were the:
Chinese in the mid-19th century
The push-pull theory of immigration primarily stresses the importance of:
Cost-benefit analyses by potential immigrants
Which group has most effectively assimilated at the secondary structural level?
Cubans
The high socioeconomic position of Jewish Americans is most evident in their:
Family income
Which of the following statements best describes Latino views of the criminal justice system?
Fewer than half of Latinos believe the courts will deal with them fairly
What do studies indicate about the children of Latino immigrants?
For third-generation immigrants, English has become the primary - and for most, the only - language spoken
Which of the following are the two largest Euro-American ancestries today?
German and Irish
By 1860, the population of most of America's largest cities was nearly:
Half foreign-born
Most Vietnamese immigrants to the United States came as:
Political refugees
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Jewish American population today?
Their population is declining
Which statement best describes the Puerto Rican population?
They are considered a conquered group
Which statement best describes the current population patterns at Italian Americans?
They continue to reside most heavily in the Northeast
Which of the following statements best describes the Latino population in the United States?
They have extraordinary class diversity
American-born workers tend to view immigrants as:
Threats to their jobs and wages
In the case of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that:
Using race as a criterion in selecting students was legitimate if it was one among many criteria in creating a more ethnically balanced student body.
What controversy with regard to Muslim women occurred in France in 2010, the resolution of which is still playing itself out?
Wearing a niqab in public was declared illegal.
The Scotch-Irish were not considered part of the prototypical Irish ethnic group because they:
Were Protestant
Historically, Jews were more vulnerable to scapegoating because they:
Were non-Christians
Sikhs, an ethnic group from Northern India, have suffered victimization in the United States as a result of "looking" like Muslims. In reporting these cases, the media focuses most on the "mistaken identity" factor. This pattern illustrates that Islamophobic views may be different than other forms of racial discrimination in the U.S. in that they:
Are more socially acceptable
In the past, sociologist tended to connect ethnic issues primarily to problems of:
Assimilation
Today's U.S. immigrants appear to be most committed to:
Assimilation
The position of Italian Americans today in the American class system is:
At or above the average for Euro-American ethnic groups
Most Irish Catholics immigrated to the United States in the mid-1900s to:
Avoid famine
Third wave Arab immigrants:
Are more diverse in geographic origin, religion, gender, and social class than earlier waves.
Which of the following represents the numerical peak of European immigration, radically changing the ethnic character of U.S. society?
New Immigration
The largest Jewish American population resides in:
New York
One unique pattern exhibited by Asians is their ________.
Rapid rate of suburbanization
American popular culture is a global phenomenon; most immigrants have absorbed a good deal of it before they actually migrate. For example, a Brazilian can undergo the process of ________ (Gans, 1999) while retaining their "Latino ______"(Suro, 1998).
Anticipatory acculturation, sensibilities
About ________ of Asian-Americans have earned at least a bachelor's degree.
50 percent
Almost ____________ of Jewish families are above the national median income of $50,000. However, a recent survey found that __________ of Jewish households in New York City are living in poverty.
70 percent, 20 percent
What percentage of Italian Americans are marrying outside their ethic group?
75 percent
Surveys taken after Barack Obama, a self-identified African American, occupied the White House indicate that:
A slight majority of American expressed prejudice towards blacks, an increase since Obama's 2008 election
The Chinese Exclusion Act marked the first time that:
A specific group was formally barred from entrance into the U.S.
How do Arab Americans compare to Hispanics and African Americans in their level of structural assimilation?
Arab Americans tend to segregate more into neighborhood enclaves
Puerto Ricans are different from other Hispanic groups in that they:
Are already U.S. citizens before they immigrate
Values promoted within an ethnic group that shape whether a member of that group is successful can lead to:
Achievement Syndrome
The major institutions in American society today:
Are more accepting of multicultural or pluralist ideas and policies
Legal rulings in the U.S. Supreme Court continue to demonstrate ______ on the part of public officials and the courts toward affirmative action policies.
Ambivalence
The number of Jewish Americans is expected to decline as a result of:
An unusually low birth rate among Jewish women
The ethnic ideology expressed most forcefully in public places in the United States has been:
Anglo-conformity
Immigrants most similar in culture and appearance to the Anglo-Saxon core have been most easily accepted into the U.S. primarily because:
Anglo-conformity has generally been expected of immigrants
The assertion that "Jews choose money over people" is an example of:
Anti-Semitism
Most Latino Americans:
Believe that citizens and residents of the United States should learn English.
Public opinion polls regarding black-white relations reveal that a slight majority of:
Blacks believe that there will always be a problem
How does Islamophobia resemble anti-Semitism?
Both apply historical myths and fabrications to modern-day circumstances
How was the Chicanismo similar to the black nationalist movement?
Both movements were concerned with expanding socioeconomic opportunities
Corporations are likely to continue to implement preferential policies for minorities because:
Diverse labor force is essential for success in a diverse society
Gathering data on Arab Americans became a focus of the federal government in the late 1980s using surveillance technology from the:
Cold War
Most third wave Arab immigrants:
Come as family units
When examining the level of assimilation among Asian Americans, we should take into account that:
Much of the Asian American population today is foreign-born
The differences in the patterns of mobility between Jews and Italians reveal the:
Compatibility between the skills Jews brought and the needs of the American economy.
What is considered to be the mos plausible explanation for the rapid educational success among Asian Americans?
Confucian and Buddhist values
Since the end of the 1960s, the level of anti-Semitism in the United States has:
Declined
The "guest worker" system was proposed to help:
Deter illegal immigrants from entering the United States
Like other ethnic populations that have arrived primarily int he post-1965 era, Asian Americans:
Dwell mostly in large urban areas
Public attitudes toward immigration in the U.S. appear to depend most on:
Economic conditions
Arab Americans represent a broad range of social classes. For example, two-thirds of _________ hold at least a college degree and have a relatively high household median income, whereas the poverty rate of ________ is extraordinarily high.
Egyptians, Iraqis
_________ no longer play a major role in determining residential patterns among Jewish Americans.
Ethnic institutions
Omar, an Arab American, avoids traveling by air whenever possible. If he must fly, he makes sure to arrive at the airport at least three hours in advance to go through a rigorous questioning and screening process. What term best describes his predicament?
Ethnic profiling
Sally, a young Irish woman, came to the United States in 1870. The most likely reason for her immigration was to:
Have a better chance of finding a husband
Spanish continues to be a frequently used language in the U.S. today primarily because Hispanic immigrants:
Have become part of the dominant white culture.
In comparison to the United States, Arabs in Western Europe:
Have been targets of violence for decades
The election of President John F. Kennedy:
Helped Catholics enter the national political scene because of his belief in the absolute separation of church and state
Among the racial/ethnic categories used by the U.S. Census, which of the following is most often designated as an ethnic category?
Hispanic
Which of the following is NOT among the most likely future trends regarding immigration and the ethnic makeup of the United States?
Immigrants will come mostly from Europe and other highly developed societies
One aspect of the labor market different for immigrants today than in the early 20th century is the relative lack of:
Industrial jobs
Tarek, an Arab American, lives in Detroit and is part of the second largest Arab community there. The religious group with which Tarek is associated has a longer history in the city, and its members generally have a higher socioeconomic status. Tarek is most likely a(n):
Iraqi Chaldean
Which of the following groups was not present in American society in large numbers before the 1830s?
Irish
Which generation of Japanese American immigrants has been least successful at assimilating?
Issei
Socioeconomically, which group has "made it" to the largest degree in the United Sates?
Italian Americans
With respect to ethnic identity, which group has the most room to choose and maneuver?
Italian Americans
Iran is not considered an Arab country even though it is part of the Middle East region. What is the reasoning behind this?
Its language is distinct from those of Arab countries
________ in cities with large Jewish populations.
Jewish residential concentration still exists
Which of the following is most likely to be a second wave Arab immigrant?
Karim, who is Muslin and immigrated as a Palestinian refugee in 1953
According to Mary Waters, ethnicity is becoming:
Matter of personal preference
Among Latinos, _____________ is most strongly correlated to the acceptance of mainstream American values.
Language
____________ continues to draw the strongest divide between Hispanics and whites.
Language
Questions regarding the social impact of immigrants on American culture center on the issue of:
Language assimilation
Which statement best describes U.S. public opinion regarding racial and ethnic issues?
Latinos are less positive than whites about the way that minorities are treated
What U.S. Arab community has followed an almost classic passage of assimilation?
Lebanese Roman Catholics
A typical Jewish businessman in the early 20th century would be most likely to:
Live in rural areas with a significant need
Asian Americans are disproportionately among the most highly skilled but are comparatively underrepresented in __________ fields.
Managerial
The Atlantic journey of the Irish was similar to the passage of African slaves because:
Many Irish perished on board ships
Most of the immigrants from _________ are unskilled and take their place at the lowest levels of employment.
Mexico
Ziad, a Syrian immigrant, owns and operates a convenience store and gas station in a neighborhood that doesn't have a large department store. What role is he serving in his community?
Middleman
Asian Americans comprise an even more disparate panethnic category than Hispanic Americans because of their:
More diverse set of languages and religious traditions
The "melting pot" is a metaphor for describing how American society is becoming:
More homogeneous
How have first-generation Arab Americans adapted to the United States linguistically?
Most are fully bilingual and receive news from both English and Arabic sources
The newest immigrants (the Third Wave) differ from those of past immigrant waves in that they are mostly:
Non-European in origin
One important factor in accounting for the determination of immigrant Jews to succeed in American society was their understanding that they would:
Not return to their homeland
Which of the following factors most influenced second-wave immigrants (the "New Immigration") to settle in cities in the U.S.?
Occupation
Which of the following is true of contemporary immigration?
On average, about one million immigrants come to the U.S. each year
Approximately _________ of Asian Americans believe that group discrimination is a major problem.
One-eighth
Approximately ______ of people born into Jewish families after 1980 say they have no religion.
One-third
In a national survey of Latinos in 2010, about ___________ of respondents said they or a family member had experienced discrimination based on race or ethnicity in the past five years. Interestingly, _____________ of Americans say that Hispanics are discriminated against "a lot."
One-third; one-quarter
The most enduring negative stereotype that Italian Americans have to deal with is one of:
Organized crime
The Eastern European Jews differed from earlier Jewish immigrants in that they were:
Poorer and less educated
___________ became the basis of many anti-Jewish beliefs and actions that started in the 1900s.
Protocols of the Elders of Zion
What is one key factor contributing to the relatively slow cultural assimilation among Latinos, particularly Mexican Americans?
Proximity of their society of origin
Which Hispanic person or group has had the most openly militant approach?
Reies Lopez Tijerina
South Americans are most similar to Cubans in their:
Relatively high levels of education
Most of the children of Italian immigrants:
Remained in working-class jobs
Which of the following events occurred in the 1960s and had an equally strong impact on American society as the Civil Rights Movement?
Revised immigration laws
Which statement best describes the difference between the first and second wave of Asian immigration?
Second wave immigrants are considerably more diverse in national origin
The growing tendency for Americans to claim no religious affiliation suggests a trend towards:
Secularism
During Ramadan, the Islamic holy month, Muslims refrain from eating or drinking during daylight hours, breaking their fast each night. At one predominantly Muslim high school in Michigan, the football coach moved practices to late night for this month so players could observe their fast and eat before training. What does this scenario best illustrate?
Segmented assimilation
Third and fourth generation American whites:
Tend to follow common American culture patterns
The fact that immigrants do not always come from the poorest countries int eh world can be explained by which of the following?
Social networks
Dominicans resemble Puerto Ricans most in their:
Socioeconomic status
Which of the following were the major groups of the New Immigration, which occurred during the latter 19th and early 20th centuries?
Southern and eastern Europe
The roots of Mexican Americans come primarily from:
Spanish colonialism
Asian Americans are most similar to African Americans in which of the following ways?
Status as a visible racial minority
Operation Wetback was designed to:
Stem the flow of undocumented Mexican immigrants in the 1950s.
Which perspective proposes that a movement towards more complete assimilation proceeds irreversibly with each successive generation?
Straight-line theory
The Miami ethnic enclave is an example of:
Subeconomy that serves and employs Cuban immigrants
All of the following were responsible for the curtailing of large-scale immigration from Europe EXCEPT:
The Hart-Cellar Act
The internment of Japanese Americans in the 1940s was motivated by:
The bombing of Pearl Harbor
The essential idea of the "melting pot" was:
The cultures of different ethnic groups would eventually fuse into a single American culture
What two factors are most responsible for the third wave of Arab American immigrants?
The end of restrictive immigration quotas and the political unrest in the Middle East
A limitation of the push-pull theory is that it fails to account for:
The fact that many immigrants do not come from relatively poor countries
Which of the following has most contributed to Cuban success in the U.S.?
The favorable government policy towards Cubans
Corruption among Irish Americans politicians was largely due to:
The lack of a welfare state
What even caused large-scale Asian immigration into the U.S. between 1966 and 1984?
The liberalized immigration policy
Which of the following best explains the recent surge in Indian immigration to the U.S.?
The opportunity to study at an American university
What notorious legal case most reflects the anti-Italian and anti-immigrant sentiment of its time?
The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti
The higher socioeconomic status of the Lebanese in the United States is primarily the result of:
Their much earlier settlement in the United States
Who publicly labeled himself "Cabilasian"?
Tiger Woods
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided:
U.S. citizenship to Mexicans in newly acquired territories
Carl, a white American, is doing a school presentation for his history class after which he is asked to share his own ethnic heritage. He is stumped. He has heard offhand that he has ancestors from Germany and Ireland, and that he might even have a little Native American blood, but has never seen proof of such. Lieberson and Waters (1988) would call Carl a(n):
Unhyphenated white
Department stores such as Macy's and Bloomingdales are evidence of the:
Upward mobility of some early German Jews
Fernando, a Cuban American, immigrated to the United States in 1960. He would most likely be characterized as:
White
For U.S. Census purposes, Arabs are considered ________, and nearly two-thirds of Arab Americans self-identify as _______.
White; white
