South African Apartheid & the Anti-Apartheid Movement

National Party (NP)

1948 election two groups white supremacist and African party, first leader became Prime Minister, The NP was the governing party of South Africa from 1948 until 1994, Its policies included apartheid, the establishment of a South African Republic, and the promotion of Afrikaner culture.

Population Registration Act

Apartheid policy that governed relations between South Africa's white minority and nonwhite majority and sanctioned racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against nonwhites, "separate development", 1950 which classified all South Africans as either Bantu (all black Africans), Coloured (those of mixed race), or white. A fourth category—Asian (Indian and Pakistani)—was later added.

Nelson Mandela

South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, black nationalist and the first black president of South Africa, negotiations in the early 1990s with South African Pres. F.W. de Klerk helped end the country's apartheid system of racial segregation and ushered in a peaceful transition to majority rule

African National Congress (ANC)

South African political party and black nationalist organization. Founded 1912 its main goal the maintenance of voting rights for Colored's (persons of mixed race) and black Africans in Cape Province. 1940s fight to eliminate apartheid, the official South African policy of racial separation and discrimination.

Umkhonto we Sizwe

an armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC), engaged in peaceful acts of resistance which aimed at forcing the government to eventually recognize the rights of Black people in South Africa but now used violence but was banned due to many not liking the idea.

ANC Women's League

only accepted women as members at the Congress's 1943 conference and in 1948, League was formed, first official president of the League was Ida Mntwana, protests against the apartheid-era government

Sharpeville Massacre

police fired on a crowd of blacks, killing or wounding some 250 of them. It was one of the first and most violent demonstrations against apartheid in South Africa, The Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) & African National Congress (ANC)organized a countrywide demonstration for March 21, 1960, for the abolition of South Africa's pass laws. Participants surrender their reference books (passes) and invite arrest

F.W. de Klerk

politician who as president of South Africa (1989-94) brought the apartheid system of racial segregation to an end and negotiated a transition to majority rule in his country, committed himself to speed up reform & initiating talks about a new post apartheid constitution with representatives of what were then the country's four designated racial groups (white, black, Coloured, and Asian [Indian]

Soweto Uprising

series of demonstrations and protests led by black school children in South Africa in 1976, Bantu Education Act introduced by the Apartheid government in 1953 which was designed to 'train and fit' Africans for their role in the newly (1948) evolving apartheid society

The Rainbow Nation

termed by Archbishop Desmond Tutu during the handover of power in 1994 as a way of uniting the many different people of different colours, races and tribes that live there, Because of different tribes, races, religions and cultures who live together in harmony