SP 2
Messages that arouse strong levels of fear are
effective at changing behavior
Which of the following defines the concept of stereotype thread?
A feeling of anxiety when performing in a domain where one's group is expected to do poorly
Which of the following defines the concept of stereotype threat?
A feeling of anxiety when performing in a domain where one's group is expected to do poorly
Which is a type of schema about a social group?
A stereotype
A person diagnosed with cancer acquires which kind of stigma?
Abominations of the body
What is a stigma?
An attribute that discredits someone in the eyes of others
What are dual attitudes?
An implicit and explicit attitude that contradict each other
A telephone solicitor asks Mika for a $500 donation to a political party, which is far more than Mika can afford. What will the solicitor most likely do now?
Ask for a smaller amount, according to the door-in-the-face strategy
Which of the following results in response amplification?
Aversive racism.
A group with a competitive relationship toward the majority group may experience
Both Contemptuous and envious prejudice
How did the study of the autokinetic effect inform our understanding of group norms?
By seeing how discussion influenced judgment when there was no correct answer to the question
What will a person who persistently refuses to compromise in a group discussion experience?
First increased attention, then rejection
What are the two major components of the ELM?
Central and peripheral processing
Why has stereotyped thinking been a persistent part of human cognition?
Cognitive resource conservation is adaptive.
Why has stereotyped thinking been a persistent part of human cognition?
Cognitive resource conservation is adpative.
In August 2011, large numbers of young people in parts of London rioted for four days. Initially, a questionable police shooting touched off the riots; but as the days went on, many rioters seemed to have no connection to the political issue, and instead were rioting because everyone around them was rioting. This behavior can be considered a result of ________.
Conformity
______ prejudice most closely resembles the traditional definition of prejudice.
Contemptuous
________ prejudice most closely resembles the traditional definition of prejudice.
Contemptuous
Why was Solomon Asch's study so influential in the study of social influence?
Contrary to expectations, people conformed to the group and denied objective reality.
what will a person who persistently refuses to compromise in a group discussion experience?
First increased attention, then rejection
A professor explains to an applicant that she never accepts married students into her lab. What is she doing?
Discriminating
Repeated exposure to stereotype threat can result in
Disidentification
Which of the following is NOT a part of the theory of planned behavior?
Elaboration likelihood
What do studies using fMRI to assess prejudiced responses indicate?
Even if Whites believe they aren't prejudiced, they may experience fer and arousal around unfamiliar Blacks.
On average, which of the following is true about groups that enjoy disproportionate shares of wealth and power in a society?
Everything: They care less about values of fairness and equality than the rest of society, develop negative stereotypes about the people they harm, and justify harmful actions as being good for the society.
Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for improved intergroup relations, according to the original contact hypothesis?
Friendship potential
Altercation between Black and White teenagers, "You can tell they were after white people...if you were white, they were coming after you." How...able to "just tell" what the people were doing?
His stereotypes are shaping his perception of the event.
Under what condition are the people you graduated from high school with likely to be a reference group for you?
If you feel emotionally attached to them
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Implicit bias related to Afrocentric features is found among both Whites and Blacks.
Why does conformity differ from other kinds of social influence?
It involves no direct verbal instructions
Which of the following is true of weight prejudice?
It is resistant to change at the implicit level.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of people who express anti-gay prejudice?
Likely to be more negative toward lesbians than toward gay men
You can order the "Perfect Meatloaf" pan as seen on TV! You get the pan, the lifting tray, the recipe guide, and the guide knife for only $19.95. And if you order right now, you get a second pan for free! What is this offer trying to do?
Move your anchor point for a reasonable cost for a meatloaf pan
Nine-year-old Isaac tells his mom he wants Nike shoes because all the other kids have Nike shoes. What affects Isaac's Choice of sheos?
Normative influence
Nine-year-old Isaac tells his mom he wants Nike shoes because all the other kids have Nike shoes. What affects Isaac's choice of shoes?
Normative influence
Why do people with high social power initiate action more than those with low social power?
People with high power are more likely to ignore other people's viewpoints.
What does normative influence reflect?
Outcome dependence
If a young person believes that all elderly people are cranky, and bad at computers, whereas she knows that members her generation vary in their temperament and technical skills, what is she demonstrating?
Outgroup homogeneity
If a young person believes that all elderly people are cranky, and bad at computers, whereas she knows that members her generation very in their temperament and technical skills, what is she demostrating?
Outgroup homogeneity
Which of the following terms does not belong in the group
Outgroup homogeneity
What have studies of "shooter/nonshooter" decision tasks found?
People are more likely to assume an ambiguous object held by a Black man is a weapon
What have studies of "shooter/nonshooter" decision tasks found?
People are more likely to assume an ambiguous object held by a Black man is a weapon.
Jamie believes he is the only one in his group who is bothered by the way his friends have been behaving lately. what term from the text describes Jaime's perception of situation?
Pluralisic ignorance
What are the attitudes that suggest that a group of people deserve an inferior social status called?
Prejudice
In times of economic hardship, American political debate....
Realistic group conflict
when people conform to a group in vioation of their own views, what do they often do?
Reconstruct the facts
Obedience differs from other kinds of social influence because it involves which of the following?
Response to an authority figure
Real estate salespeople frequently put their faces in their ads, even when the ads contain no other information about them except for a phone number. What are they hoping?
Seeing their face over time will cause you to start to like them
The biggest risk in using a fear appeal is that
The audience may feel too helpless to take any action.
With what should people who hold minority opinions, and wish to influence the majority, be most concerned?
Showing consistency in their views
The most powerful form of normative influence is _____.
Social exclusion
Steve was watching television and saw a commercial for the Snuggle Bear, a mascot for a brand of fabric softener. He thought the bear was intensely annoying. Consistent with mere exposure, the more often Steve saw the commercial with this bear which of the following is true?
The more annoyed he became.
Whistle-blowers generally "blow the whistle" on corporate misbehavior because of what three attributes?
Their attitude is extreme, certain and derives from human experience.
Which of the following is NOT true about stereotypes?
They are generally good descriptors of the stereotyped groups.
According to self-perception theory, which of the following is true?
We have no more information about our own attitudes than the attitudes of others.
Why is observational learning adaptive?
We learn from others' mistakes without having to experience punishment.
Which of the following things will not result from your holding a pen in your teeth, without letting your lips touch it?
Your forehead temperature will decrease
which of the following characterizes the foot-in-the-door effect?
a small request initially accepted, followed by a larger request
Ray's new roommate seems difficult to get along with. If Ray starts to treat his roommate as though Ray really likes him, cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory __________.
agree that Ray will start to like his roommate more over time
Humor appeals definitely increase _____, but may not increase _____.
attention; comprehension
Women's sexism is
benevolent toward other women, but hostile toward men
According to the elaboration-likelihood and the heuristic-systematic models of persuasion, the two key factors that will determine whether we engage in effortful or effortless processing of information are one's
capacity to process information and level of motivation
Subliminal Conditioning
classical conditioning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used
The strongest attitudes for an individual are usually acquired through
cognitive processes
what are people who do what someone asks of them exhibiting?
compliance
Prejudice against the obese is more common in societies where people view weight as
controllable.
Low source credibility is a _____ cue.
discounting
Repeated exposure to stereotype threat can result in __________.
disidentification
Going along with a request while privately disagreeing with it is _______.
external compliance
Prior to Milgram's study, psychologists estimated that _____% of the normal population would follow orders to inflict harm.
less than 1
In LaPierre's classic study, a young Chinese couple traveled across the USA and reported being treated courteously at virtually every restaurant and hotel. A follow-up survey asking for attitudes toward Chinese travelers found that
most restaurant and hotel managers responded that they would refuse service to Chinese travelers
Why were Milgram's results so disturbing?
ordinary people were willing to inflict severe harm on strangers
Fazio's attitude-to-behavior process model suggests that an event may activate an attitude, which influences our
perceptions of the attitude object
Charities that solicit your money may send you address labels in the envelope along with the request for a donation. they are hoping which of the following will influence you?
reciprocity
which is the best explanation for why Milgram's participants responded the way they did?
the social role of "researcher" produced pressure toward obedience
Fraternity hazing is an example of what aspect of cognitive dissonance theory?
Justification of effort
When we experience cognitive dissonance, what are we most likely to do?
Justify our behavior
Racial attitudes held by Black people toward White people are often based on what?
Perceptions of threat or conflict
What is true of people in groups when they are given orders that violate their values?
They obey less than people who are alone
We tend to notice differences among individuals in groups to which we belong, more than differences among members of other groups. Why?
We use less effort in thinking about other groups.
We tend to notice differences among individuals in groups to which we belong, more than differences among members of other groups. Why?
We use less effort in thinking about the other groups.
When is the outgroup homogeneity effect reversed?
When minority group members use ingroup traits as a basis for social identity
Toward whom does benevolent sexism direct the most hostility?
Woman who don't fit gender roles
Which is NOT a true statement about group composition and conformity?
Conformity increases proportionately as the number of people holding the majority view increases
Jack wears his high school colors on the day of the big football game because he knows "everyone" does so every year, Jill wears her high school colors on the day of the big homecoming game because the student council made an announcement asking the students to show their team spirit. Jack is exhibiting _____ whereas Jill is exhibiting _____
Conformity; compliance
According to the mood-as-information model, which of the following is true?
Good moods mean effortful thinking is unnecessary.
