Special Senses

Disorders of taste, match them: a. distortion in sense of taste b. abnormally heightened sense of taste c. complete loss of taste d. reduced sense of taste hyperguesia, dysguesia, aguesia, hypoguesia

A - dysguesia B - hyperguesia C - aguesia D - hypoguesia

Match these: a. the inability to smell b. things smell differently from memory or expectation c. an abnormally acute sense of smell d. decreased ability to smell e. things smell worse than they should f. hallucinated smell often unpleasant in nature g. psychological disorder that causes the patient to think they have strong body odor parosmia, hyperosmia, hyposmia, phantosmia, dysosmia, anosmia, olfactory reference syndrome

A-anosmia B - dysmosia C - hyperosmia D - hyposmia E - parosmia F - phantosmia G - olfactory reference syndrome

What is the meaning of the term blind spot in relation to the eye?

Answer: The blind spot contains no photoreceptors; it is the site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.

newborns have no sense of smell at birth. t or f

FALSE have very keen sense of smell (think of animal kingdom)

Unlike the sensation of taste, it is NOT necessary to have the chemicals associated with smells dissolved in body fluids. T or F

False

In what way does the photopupillary reflex protect the eyes?

It causes pupillary constriction in very bright light. Intense light stimulation can injure the photoreceptors.

What is the role of lysozyme in tears?

Lysozyme is a component of tears that helps to destroy bacteria and protect the eye from infection.

What is the difference between the optic tract and the optic nerve?

The optic nerves leave the eyeballs, and the medial half of the fibers of each optic nerve cross over to the opposite side, joining there with the fibers from the outside half of the opposite eye to form the optic tracts.

The three sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light that are ____________. a) blue, green and red b) green, yellow, and purple c) red, green, and yellow d) orange, green and purple e) red, blue and yellow

a) blue, green and red RBG (ruth bader ginsburg)

The ______ supplies the outer retina with nutrients, and maintains the temperature and volume of the eye. a) choroid b) cornea c) pupil d) retina e) conjunctiva

a) choroid that red meaty part so of course it has the nutrients

Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the ___________. a) optic chiasma b) optic radiation c) convergence d) optic tracts

a) optic chiasma crossing for a chat

Pink eye, eyes red and irritated. infectious/contagious a. conjuctivitis b. strabismus c. night blindness d. cataracts

a. conjuctivitis

Salty taste has an influx of: a. salt (NA+) b. H+ hydrogen c. G protein gustucin

a. salt (NA+)

What term refers to the ability to focus on close objects? emmetropia refraction accommodation astigmatism

accommodation

Which reflex constricts pupils when we view close objects? photopupillary reflex convergence accommodation pupillary reflex refraction

accommodation pupillary reflex

Anterior segment of the lens contains a clear watery fluid called _______ aqueous humor vitreous humor

aqueous humor

Light focusing as lines, not points, on the retina due to unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens. a. myopia b. hyperopia c. emmetropia d. astigmatism

astigmatism

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the __________. a) choroid b) conjunctiva c) sclera d) retina

b) conjunctiva key here is the eyelids too.

The most exposed part of the eye, and it is very vulnerable to damage. Luckily, its ability to repair itself is extraordinary. a) choroid b) cornea c) pupil d) retina e) iris

b) cornea

Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the __________. a) vibration of the tympanic membrane b) movement of the otoliths along hair cells c) transmission of light through the lens

b) movement of the otoliths along hair cells

Vitamin A deficiency can lead to __________ .a) color blindness b) night blindness c) presbyopia d) glaucoma

b) night blindness

Which one of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in either taste or smell? a) facial nerve (III) b) vestibular (VIII) c) vagus (X) d) glossopharyngeal e) olfactory nerve (I)

b) vestibular (VIII)

The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and events it from collapsing inward is the ___________. a) scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) b) vitreous humor (vitreous body) c) ciliary body

b) vitreous humor (vitreous body)

Sour taste is _____ influx a. salt (NA+) b. H+ hydrogen c. G protein gustucin

b. H+ hydrogen like hydrogen sibo

Extrinsic eye muscles have unequal pulls. the brain may begin ignoring signals from the weaker eye leading to loss of vision. can treat with surgery or exercises to strengthen the weaker muscles. a. conjuctivitis b. strabismus c. night blindness d. cataracts

b. strabismus

Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye? a) cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor b) aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor c) cornea, aqueous humor, lense, vitreous humor d) lens, aqueous humor, cornea, vitreous humor e) vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea

c) cornea, aqueous humor, lense, vitreous humor

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the __________. a) pupil b) iris c) lens d) cornea

c) lens

What structure of the eye focuses light on the retina? a) choroid b) iris c) lens d) optic nerve e) sclera

c) lens

The rounded opening of the iris through which light enters the eye is called the __________. a) choroid b) cornea c) pupil d) retina e) conjunctiva

c) pupil

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones? a) optic nerve b) sclera c) retina d) choroid

c) retina

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ___________, and transparent portion known as the __________. a) conjunctiva; sclera b) iris; pupil c) sclera; cornea d) pupil; cornea

c) sclera; cornea

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the _________. a) auricle b) ossicles c) spiral organ of Corti d) oval window

c) spiral organ of Corti like i have spiral hair!

sweet, bitter and umami taste : a. salt (NA+) b. H+ hydrogen c. G protein gustucin

c. G protein gustucin

eye focuses images correctly on the retina. a. myopia b. hyperopia c. emmetropia

c. emmetropia

interference with normal rod function, hinders ability to see at night. commonly caused by vitamin a deficiency. a. conjuctivitis b. strabismus c. night blindness d. cataracts

c. night blindness

A _______ occurs due to a clouding of the lens. myopia cataract glaucoma presbyopia

cataract

sense of smell and taste use what type of receptors?

chemoreceptors.

What layer of the eyeball contains both pigment to absorb stray light rays and muscle to control the lens? fovea centralis sclera sensory layer choroid

choroid (at the core it is strong and does light)

What is near sighted? close objects clear or blurry?

close objects clear.

Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males? night blindness conjunctivitis cataracts color blindness glaucoma

color blindness

Type of photoreceptor cell that detects colors sclera lacrimal gland cones lens cornea vitreous humor Retina fovea centralis optic disc

cones

color vision in well lit areas predominantly uses: cones or rods

cones

Which is the reflexive movement of the eyes medially when we view close objects. When ____________ occurs, both eyes are aimed toward the near object being viewed. What name is given to the ability of the eye to focus on close objects?

convergence accomodation

Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye? cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor lens, aqueous humor, cornea, vitreous humor cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the _________. a) choroid b) conjunctiva c) sclera d) cornea e) retina

d) cornea

The greatest visual acuity is housed in the _____________. a) ciliary body b) optic disc c) blind spot d) fovea centralis e) vitreous humor

d) fovea centralis (because it is the favorite)

The ___________ gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears. a) ciliary b) tarsal c) ceruminous d) lacrimal

d) lacrimal

The region of the optic nerve lacking photoreceptor cells is known as the _____________. a) iris b) sclera c) choroid d) optic disc (blind spot)

d) optic disc (blind spot)

The innermost sensory layer of the eye that contains biolar cells and ganglion cells is the _________. a) choroid b) sclera c) cornea d) retina

d) retina

The outer pigmented layer of the _________ is composed of pigmented cells that, like those of the choroid, absorb light and prevent light from scattering inside the eye. They also act as phagocytes to remove dead or damaged receptor cells and store vitamin A needed for vision. a) choroid b) cornea c) pupil d) retina e) iris

d) retina

The aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the _________. a) ciliary body b) pupil c) inferior lacrimal canal d) scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) e) nasolacrimal duct

d) scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect infotmation about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the __________. a) vestibule b) cochlea c) oval window d) semicircular canals

d) semicircular canals (literally says rotational)

What is far sighted? distant objects clear or blurry?

distant objects clear

The pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening though which light passes in the ________. a) sclera b) retina c) lens d) cornea e) iris

e) iris

What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball? a) sweat b) mammary c) tarsal d) ceruminous e) lacrimal

e) lacrimal

Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the _______________. a) auricle b) ossicles c) pinna d) oval window e) tympanic membrane

e) tympanic membrane

Which cranial nerve transmits hearing and equilibrium information to the brain? a) abducens (VI) b) trigeminal (V) c) trochlear (IV) d) oculomotor (III) e) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

e) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

inability of the aqueous humor to drain. causes increased eye pressure, compresses the retina and optic nerve, and eventually leads to blindness. progresses slowly. seeing halo around objects. a. conjuctivitis b. strabismus c. night blindness d. cataracts e. glaucoma

e. glaucoma

70% of all sensory receptors are in the _____

eye

As you complete a special senses lab, you discover your lab partner is able to taste a substance you put on the tip of his tongue. Which cranial nerve was stimulated by these taste buds? cranial nerve IX trigeminal nerve glossopharyngeal nerve facial nerve

facial nerve

What are the three cranial nerves that carry taste sensations to the brain? hypoglossal, vagus, trigeminal facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, facial abducens, trochlear, oculomotor

facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

by 2 years old, you should have color vision and depth perception. t or f

false, it is 5 years old

the eye continues to grow and mature until old age. t or f

false. it is 8 or 9 years old

Which area of the retina has the highest concentration of cones? optic disc (blind spot) optic nerve ciliary body fovea centralis choroid

fovea centralis

Simon is an 83-year-old man complaining of pain in his eyes, problems seeing things clearly, headaches, and seeing halos around lights. Simon's most likely diagnosis is __________. glaucoma hemianopia cataracts conjunctivitis

glaucoma

Simon is an 83-year-old man complaining of pain in his eyes, problems seeing things clearly, headaches, and seeing halos around lights. Simon's most likely diagnosis is __________. hemianopia cataracts glaucoma conjunctivitis

glaucoma

What condition results from an abnormally high pressure inside the eye? myopia cataract glaucoma presbyopia

glaucoma

Results from eyeball that is too short or from a lazy lens. distant objects are focused behind the retina. myopia hyperopia emmetropia

hyperopia

What is farsighted? myopia hyperopia emmetropia

hyperopia

The pupil is an opening within the ________. lens sclera retina choroid iris

iris

Gland that releases tears sclera lacrimal gland cones lens cornea vitreous humor Retina fovea centralis optic disc

lacrimal gland

Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure sclera lacrimal gland cones lens cornea vitreous humor Retina fovea centralis optic disc

lens

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ________. iris lens cornea pupil

lens

What flexible, crystal-like structure of the eye focuses light on the retina? choroid lens sclera optic chiasma iris

lens

The vibration of sound waves cause the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________ stapes or stirrup incus or anvil malleus or hammer otolith

malleus or hammer

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________. astigmatism presbyopia emmetropia myopia hyperopia

myopia

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ____________. a) emmetropia b) hyperopia c) astigmatism d) myopia e) presbyopia

myopia oh my i cant see waht is right in front of me

Results from eyeballs that are too long. light rays from objects fail to reach the retina and are focused in front of it. myopia hyperopia emmetropia

myopia (near sightedness).

What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell? dynamic equilibrium receptor static equilibrium receptor olfactory receptor photoreceptor

olfactory receptor

Which of these contain taste buds? filiform papillae, foliate papillae, fungiform papillae, circumvallate papillae

oliate papillae, fungiform papillae, circumvallate papillae fili does not becuase it is just "filling in"

At what point do some axons leave the optic nerve and cross to the opposite side of the brain? optic tracts optic chiasma optic radiation thalamus

optic chiasma

Where do the axons of ganglion cells leave the eyeball? fovea centralis cornea optic disc ciliary body

optic disc

The photoreceptor cells are distributed over the entire retina, except where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball; this site is called the __________. Since there are no photoreceptors at the ________, it results in a blind spot in our vision.

optic disc;

Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ________. cupulae ossicles otoliths maculae

otoliths

Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ___________. a) otoliths b) ossicles

otoliths (what grandma has the crystals)

The age-related condition resulting from decreased lens elasticity is known as ________. hyperopia presbyopia hemianopia strabismus myopia

presbyopia

The age-related condition resulting from decreased lens elasticity is known as ________. hemianopia hyperopia strabismus myopia presbyopia

presbyopia (presbyterian churches are not elastic they are set in their ways)

Pain received at a location other than the site of stimulus.

referred pain. (heart attack example, sensory neurons converge in the same ascending pathway with surface neurons - why you get shoulder pain in a heart attack). brain cannot distinguish where that sensation is coming from.

Which of these is part of the sensory layer of the eye? ciliary body vitreous humor choroid retina

retina

used in poor lighting conditions: rods or cones

rods

"White of the eye" sclera lacrimal gland cones lens cornea vitreous humor Retina fovea centralis optic disc

sclera

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________. pupil; cornea iris; pupil sclera; cornea conjunctiva; sclera

sclera; cornea

Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to ________. sight hearing dynamic equilibrium smell both hearing and dynamic equilibrium

smell

When Brock walked out of the dark movie theater into the bright, mid-day sun, he experienced ________. hemianopia eyestrain the accommodation pupillary reflex the photopupillary reflex convergence

the photopupillary reflex

Where are olfactory receptors located? papillae the superior region of the nasal cavity olfactory bulbs the paranasal sinuses

the superior region of the nasal cavity (thats why we swab there for corona where you lose sense of smell)

The lens of the eye grows and matures throughout all of life. t or f

true

taste is 80% smell T or F

true

The gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ________. lens vitreous humor (body) cornea aqueous humor

vitreous humor (body)