special senses quiz

Color blindness is believed to be due to: a) a deficiency of photoreceptors b) a deficiency of bipolar neurons c) a deficiency of rhodopsin d) an overabundance of saccades

a) a deficiency of photoreceptors

Sensory receptors of the semicircular canals are located within the: a) ampullae. b) saccules. c) cochlea. d) utricles.

a) ampullae.

The process by which changes in the curvature of the lens adjusts the focusing of an image on the retina is: a) called accommodation b) a visual defect resulting from distance distortion c) called astigmatism d) a corrective device for hyperopia

a) called accommodation

Dim light situations would result in: a) dilation of the pupil b) constriction of the pupil c) the breakdown of rhodopsin d) increased cone sensitivity

a) dilation of the pupil

For olfaction, which of the following is FALSE? a) Olfactory receptors are located in mucus membranes in the upper portion of the nasal cavity. b) Olfaction only occurs in the presence of scent-producing glands. c) Smell can influence taste and evoke emotional responses. d) Olfactory receptors are specialized neurons.

b) Olfaction only occurs in the presence of scent-producing glands.

Color blindness is believed to be due to: a) an overabundance of saccades b) a deficiency of photoreceptors c) a deficiency of rhodopsin d) a deficiency of bipolar neurons

b) a deficiency of photoreceptors

Color blindness is a visual defect resulting from: a) damage to rod cells b) an absence of one of the type of cones c) a lack of rhodopsin d) damage to the pigment layer of the iris

b) an absence of one of the type of cones

What structure equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and outer atmosphere? a) cochlear duct b) auditory tube (Eustachian tube) c) tympanic membrane d) scala vestibuli

b) auditory tube (Eustachian tube)

Gustatory receptors are clustered in taste buds in all of the following papillae except: a) vallate. b) filiform. c) fungiform. d) foliate.

b) filiform.

The sense of taste is also known as a) olfaction. b) gustation. c) proprioception. d) interoreception. e) equilibrium.

b) gustation.

That structure involved in sensing changes in angular acceleration (turning) of the head is the: a) saccule b) semicircular canal c) utricle d) a and c only

b) semicircular canal

Which taste sensation is triggered by amino acids and small peptides? a) sour. b) umami. c) sweet. d) salty. e) peppery.

b) umami.

The ________ fills the membranous labyrinth. a) Interstitial fluid b) Perilymph c) Endolymph d) CSF e) Plasma

c) Endolymph

Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following places? a) surface of the epiglottis b) surface of the tongue c) portions of the pharynx d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.

d) All of the answers are correct.

Olfactory (smell) receptors: a) are specialized endings of afferent neurons b) lie in a small patch of mucus membrane in the upper part of the nasal cavity c) possess fine cilia extending into the olfactory mucus d) all of the above

d) all of the above

The response of receptors to different sound frequencies: a) takes place in the cochlea b) depends upon response of certain portions of the basilar membrane to different frequencies c) takes place as certain hair cells are affected by particular frequencies d) all of the above

d) all of the above

The auditory (Eustachian) tube: a) contains fluid that vibrates to convert sound waves to auditory nerve impulses b) responds to changes in acceleration c) conducts sound from the middle ear to the cochlea d) allows equalization of air pressure between the middle ear and the outside atmosphere.

d) allows equalization of air pressure between the middle ear and the outside atmosphere.

Color blindness is a visual defect resulting from: a) a lack of rhodopsin b) damage to the pigment layer of the iris c) damage to rod cells d) an absence of one of the type of cones

d) an absence of one of the type of cones

Vibrations of the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the: a) stapedius muscle. b) cochlea. c) oval window. d) auditory ossicles. e) tensor tympani.

d) auditory ossicles.

The chemoreceptors of gustatory cells are: a) are most sensitive when the mouth is dry b) taste buds c) located only on the tongue d) gustatory (taste) hairs

d) gustatory (taste) hairs

What structure supports the spiral organ (organ of Corti)? a) tympanic membrane. b) vestibular duct. c) membranous labyrinth. d) tectorial membrane. e) basilar membrane.

e) basilar membrane.

Olfactory glands a) react to aromatic molecules. b) house the sense of smell. c) group as olfactory bulbs. d) support the olfactory epithelium. e) coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.

e) coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.

Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the a) auditory ossicles. b) cochlea. c) oval window. d) round window. e) tympanic membrane.

e) tympanic membrane.

The individual receptors for the sense of taste: a) can respond to a variety of chemicals b) are restricted to the tongue c) are of three different types, each of which is evenly distributed on the surface of the tongue d) are actually only located in the nasal passages

a) can respond to a variety of chemicals

When auditory receptors are stimulated, the resulting action potential is transmitted through the: a) cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve b) vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve c) tympanic nerve d) cranial nerve II

a) cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve

Daytime vision: a) involves mostly cones, rather than rods b) is possible due an excitatory impulse generated when light contacts the photosensitive chemical rhodopsin c) involves mostly rod cells d) A and B only

a) involves mostly cones, rather than rods

What structure changes the size of the opening through which light enters the eye? a) iris b) retina c) lens d) pupil

a) iris

Hyperopia: a) is a condition in which the focal point is posterior to the retina b) can be corrected by a concave lens c) my be the result of an elongated eyeball d) is also known as nearsightedness

a) is a condition in which the focal point is posterior to the retina

The condition in which the image is formed in front of the retina is called: a) myopia b) cataract c) astigmatism d) hyperopia

a) myopia

Special cells or nerve endings which convert various forms of energy from the environment into action potentials are: a) receptors b) interneurons c) efferent neurons d) glial cells

a) receptors

Identify the correct order of structures involved in sensing light and transmitting the information to the brain: a) retina --> optic nerve --> thalamus --> visual cortex b) optic chiasma --> retina --> thalamus --> visual cortex c) sclera --> optic nerve --> optic chiasma --> thalamus d) choroid --> retina --> optic nerve --> visual cortex

a) retina --> optic nerve --> thalamus --> visual cortex

When you spin quickly, you may feel dizzy. Which component of the inner ear generates the sensations that can lead to this feeling? a) semicircular canal b) utricle c) saccule d) organ of Corti

a) semicircular canal

The hair cells of the cochlear duct are located in the a) spiral organ (organ of Corti). b) semicircular canal. c) saccule. d) utricle.

a) spiral organ (organ of Corti).

Which eye muscle moves the eyeball down and laterally? a) superior oblique b) none of the above c) superior rectus d) medial rectus

a) superior oblique

Rotational or angular acceleration causes: a) the flow of endolymph which stimulates receptor cilia in the semicircular canals b) action potentials which travel through the cochlear portion of cranial nerve VIII c) action potentials to be generated on the basilar membrane d) the flow of perilymph which causes the movement of otoliths to stimulates receptor cilia

a) the flow of endolymph which stimulates receptor cilia in the semicircular canals

Which of the following is true of photoreceptors? a) there are 3 types of color sensitive receptors - red, green, and blue b) cones are not color sensitive c) there are 3 types of color sensitive receptors - red, green, and yellow d) rods contain 3 types of color sensitive receptors

a) there are 3 types of color sensitive receptors - red, green, and blue

It is possible to be "deaf" for only certain frequencies. a) true b) false

a) true

The auditory ossicles connect the a) tympanic membrane to the oval window. b) stapedius to the tympanic membrane. c) oval window to the round window. d) tympanic membrane to the round window.

a) tympanic membrane to the oval window.

The sensory receptors that contain otoliths, and that are primarily concerned with recognition of head position relative to gravity are located in the: a) utricle and saccule b) sensory cortex c) semicircular canals d) organ of Corti

a) utricle and saccule

The individual receptors for the sense of taste: a) are actually only located in the nasal passages b) can respond to a variety of chemicals c) are restricted to the tongue d) are of three different types, each of which is evenly distributed on the surface of the tongue

b) can respond to a variety of chemicals

The ________ glands produce a secretion commonly called earwax. a) apocrine sweat b) ceruminous c) sweat d) mammary e) sudoriferous

b) ceruminous

The sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by ________ in the air. a) water b) chemicals c) dust d) pressure e) proteins

b) chemicals

Most light refraction is accomplished by the: a) lens b) cornea c) pupil d) retina

b) cornea

Sound travels directly to the eardrum through the a) pinna. b) external auditory canal. c) cochlea. d) vestibule. e) ear ossicles.

b) external auditory canal.

Damage to the left optic nerve may result in: a) weakness in the extrinsic eye muscles b) impaired vision in only the left eye c) impaired vision in only the right eye d) impaired vision in both eyes

b) impaired vision in only the left eye

Receptors for the senses of equilibrium and hearing are located in the: a) organ of Corti. b) internal ear. c) perilymph. d) membranous endolymph. e) middle ear.

b) internal ear.

What structure changes the size of the opening through which light enters the eye? a) pupil b) iris c) lens d) retina

b) iris

Rotating the eyeball directly towards the midline or away from the midline is accomplished by which muscles? a) orbicularis oculi b) lateral and medial rectus muscles c) oblique muscles d) ciliary muscles

b) lateral and medial rectus muscles

The function of gustatory receptors is most similar to the function of: a) light receptors in the eye. b) olfactory receptors. c) lamellated corpuscles. d) mechanoreceptors in the ear.

b) olfactory receptors.

The ________ ear collects sounds waves and transmits them to the ________ ear, which contains auditory ossicles. a) inner; middle b) outer; middle c) outer; inner d) middle; inner e) None of the answers is correct.

b) outer; middle

Which of the following is directly responsible for converting sound (mechanical energy) into nerve impulses? a) cochlear fluid b) receptor cells in the organ of Corti c) tympanic membrane d) tectorial membrane

b) receptor cells in the organ of Corti

When you spin around several times with your eyes closed, which of the following will detect the motion? a) cochlea b) semicircular canals c) utricles d) otoliths

b) semicircular canals

Astigmatism is a condition in which: a) there is unequal curvature of the vitreous humor b) there is unequal curvature of the cornea or lens c) the lens weakens and can no longer effectively accommodate d) vision is impaired due to clouding of the lens

b) there is unequal curvature of the cornea or lens

The ossicles (bones) in the ear function to: a) stimulate the tympanic membrane b) transfer sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear c) initiate action potentials in response to sound waves d) equalize pressure in the inner ear

b) transfer sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term ossicles? a) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth b) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear c) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells d) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium e) seal the oval window

b) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

What structure equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and outer atmosphere? a) tympanic membrane b) scala vestibuli c) auditory tube (Eustachian tube) d) cochlear duct

c) auditory tube (Eustachian tube)

Before an odorant can be detected, it must: a) contact a supporting cell. b) apply pressure to the olfactory epithelium. c) bind to receptors in olfactory dendrites. d) be transported to the olfactory bulbs.

c) bind to receptors in olfactory dendrites.

The rod-shaped receptor cells of the eye: a) indicate color b) are responsible for acuity (sharpness) of vision c) contain rhodopsin d) are found mainly in the central portion of the retina

c) contain rhodopsin

Most light refraction is accomplished by the: a) pupil b) retina c) cornea d) lens

c) cornea

The elevated ridges within the ampullae of the semicircular canals that support the hair cells are known as a a) concha. b) cupula. c) crista ampullaris. d) macula. e) papilla.

c) crista ampullaris.

Discrimination of specific tastes and odors is believed to be due, at least in part, to: a) differences in the neurotransmitters released from the receptor cells b) many receptors, each of which responds to a single chemical c) different firing patterns of groups of receptor cells in response to different chemicals d) the suppression of specific receptors from firing

c) different firing patterns of groups of receptor cells in response to different chemicals

Dim light situations would result in: a) increased cone sensitivity b) the breakdown of rhodopsin c) dilation of the pupil d) constriction of the pupil

c) dilation of the pupil

Color blindness is: a) an inability to focus certain light waves in front of the retina b) an inability to see any objects that have color c) due to a lack of certain cone cells d) caused by a malfunctioning of rods

c) due to a lack of certain cone cells

The chemoreceptors of gustatory cells are: a) located only on the tongue b) taste buds c) gustatory (taste) hairs d) are most sensitive when the mouth is dry

c) gustatory (taste) hairs

Which of the following conditions can be corrected by a convex lens, that will shift the focal point anteriorly? a) cataract b) astigmatism c) hyperopia d) myopia

c) hyperopia

Hyperopia: a) is also known as nearsightedness b) my be the result of an elongated eyeball c) is a condition in which the focal point is posterior to the retina d) can be corrected by a concave lens

c) is a condition in which the focal point is posterior to the retina

The condition in which the image is formed in front of the retina is called: a) astigmatism b) hyperopia c) myopia d) cataract

c) myopia

Olfactory receptors are highly modified a) goblet or mucous cells. b) epithelial cells. c) neurons. d) olfactory glands. e) areolar connective tissue cells.

c) neurons.

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the: a) medulla oblongata. b) cerebral cortex. c) olfactory bulb. d) olfactory tract. e) medial geniculate.

c) olfactory bulb.

Gustatory receptors are located a) in the eye. b) in the ear. c) on the surface of the tongue. d) in the nose.

c) on the surface of the tongue.

Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations? a) umami b) sour c) peppery d) sweet e) salty

c) peppery

Light waves are converted into nerve impulses in the: a) lens b) pupil c) retina d) ciliary body

c) retina

When you spin around several times with your eyes closed, which of the following will detect the motion? a) cochlea b) utricles c) semicircular canals d) otoliths

c) semicircular canals

Movement of the endolymph within the semicircular canals: a) allows us to hear low tones. b) signals body position with respect to gravity. c) signals rotational movements. d) produces a rushing sound. e) signals linear acceleration.

c) signals rotational movements.

Which of the following best describes otoliths? a) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the internal ear b) bending these produces receptor potentials in hair cells c) tiny weights necessary for sensing static equilibrium d) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth e) seal the oval window

c) tiny weights necessary for sensing static equilibrium

The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the: a) auricle. b) bony labyrinth. c) membranous labyrinth. d) auditory tube. e) auditory meatus.

d) auditory tube.

Vision impairment due to an opaque lens is known as: a) astigmatism b) glaucoma c) presbyopia d) cataracts

d) cataracts

Vision impairment due to an opaque lens is known as: a) glaucoma b) presbyopia c) astigmatism d) cataracts

d) cataracts

The rod-shaped receptor cells of the eye: a) are found mainly in the central portion of the retina b) indicate color c) are responsible for acuity (sharpness) of vision d) contain rhodopsin

d) contain rhodopsin

Color blindness is: a) an inability to focus certain light waves in front of the retina b) caused by a malfunctioning of rods c) an inability to see any objects that have color d) due to a lack of certain cone cells

d) due to a lack of certain cone cells

Taste buds are monitored by which cranial nerves? a) trigeminal (V), facial (VII), and glossopharyngeal (IX). b) facial (VII), vestibulocochlear (VIII), and glossopharyngeal (IX). c) glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), and spinal accessory (XI). d) facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X).

d) facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X).

Damage to the left optic nerve may result in: a) impaired vision in both eyes b) impaired vision in only the right eye c) weakness in the extrinsic eye muscles d) impaired vision in only the left eye

d) impaired vision in only the left eye

The hair cells that convert sound into nervous impulses are found: a) in the semicircular canals b) on the malleus c) on the tympanic membrane d) in the organ of Corti

d) in the organ of Corti

Rotating the eyeball directly towards the midline or away from the midline is accomplished by which muscles? a) orbicularis oculi b) ciliary muscles c) oblique muscles d) lateral and medial rectus muscles

d) lateral and medial rectus muscles

Each gustatory cell extends ________ (or taste hairs) into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore. a) papillae b) flagella c) dendrites d) microvilli

d) microvilli

The olfactory organ consists of the ________ and the lamina propria. a) cribriform plate b) olfactory nerve c) olfactory tract d) olfactory epithelium e) olfactory bulb

d) olfactory epithelium

Light waves are converted into nerve impulses in the: a) pupil b) lens c) ciliary body d) retina

d) retina

Identify the correct order of structures involved in sensing light and transmitting the information to the brain: a) optic chiasma --> retina --> thalamus --> visual cortex b) sclera --> optic nerve --> optic chiasma --> thalamus c) choroid --> retina --> optic nerve --> visual cortex d) retina --> optic nerve --> thalamus --> visual cortex

d) retina --> optic nerve --> thalamus --> visual cortex

Rotational or angular acceleration causes: a) the flow of perilymph which causes the movement of otoliths to stimulates receptor cilia b) action potentials to be generated on the basilar membrane c) action potentials which travel through the cochlear portion of cranial nerve VIII d) the flow of endolymph which stimulates receptor cilia in the semicircular canals

d) the flow of endolymph which stimulates receptor cilia in the semicircular canals

The ossicles (bones) in the ear function to: a) equalize pressure in the inner ear b) stimulate the tympanic membrane c) initiate action potentials in response to sound waves d) transfer sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear

d) transfer sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear

Which of the following anatomical sequences is correct? a) tympanic membrane - malleus - incus - stapes - round window - oval window b) tympanic membrane - incus - malleus - stapes - round window - oval window c) tympanic membrane - incus - malleus - stapes - oval window - round window d) tympanic membrane - malleus - incus - stapes - oval window - round window e) tympanic membrane - incus - stapes - malleus - oval window - round window

d) tympanic membrane - malleus - incus - stapes - oval window - round window

Which of the following is/are true of rod cells? a) They contain a photosensitive chemical called rhodopsin. b) They are sensitive to dim light. c) They are located mostly in the fovea. d) All of the above are true. e) A and B only

e) A and B only

A person with normal vision is driving down the road, looking far ahead. If they glance down to read the speedometer, the lens of the eye will: a) become flattened b) become more rounded c) accommodate d) A and C e) B and C

e) B and C

Accommodation in the eye involves which of the following? a) curvature of the lens b) ciliary muscles c) length of the eyeball d) all of the above e) a and b only

e) a and b only

The ________ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity. a) cochlea b) utricle c) ampulla d) saccule e) utricle and saccule

e) utricle and saccule

Perception of the frequency of a sound depends on: a) the movement of perilymph in the cochlear duct. b) the frequency of stereocilia vibration. c) the number of hair cells that are stimulated. d) the frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane. e) which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.

e) which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.