Speech 205
incorrect word pronunciations
- are a matter of habit -distract the audience -cannot be improved by clear articulation.
a speech topic is considered unethical if the topic
- shows an audience how to perform illegal actions -provides audience members with information that may physically or psychologically harm them -is humiliating or degrading to the audience
presentation aids should be appropriate to
- the audience - the speech content -the ocasion
the credibility of testimony can be evaluated by checking
- the reliability of the source - the timeless of the information
what is a benefit of citing frequencies in speeches?
- they help listeners make comparisons between two or more categories -they help listeners understand the magnitude of something described -support material for the speech
the key to a productive search in cyberspace depends on
-a well-prepared research strategy -an understanding of information available on the internet -a basic grasp of how to use internet search tools
speech conclusion fullfill which of the following functions?
-alerting the audience that the speech is coming to an end -summarizing the key points of the speech -challenging the audience to respond
listener comprehension is aided by
-an appropriate organizational pattern -the speaker's skillful use of language -effective presentation aids
a persuasive speech
-attempts to influence audience choices -presents listeners with a limited number of alternatives to consider -seeks a response from the audience
a culturally sensitive speaker
-avoids language that is biased -makes a conscious effort to be considered of cultural differences -adapts language to a diverse audience
in persuasive speaking arguments are created to
-change people's opinions -influence behavior -justify the speaker's beliefs or actions
the skillful use of color in presentation aids can be used to
-draw attention to key point -set the mood of a speech
laziness and overconfidence in listening are manifested by
-expecting too little from the speaker -displaying an arrogant attitude - ignoring important information
audiences are more readily persuaded by speakers who emphasize
-eye contact -nodding at listeners -vocal variety
nonverbal communication
-helps establish speaker credibility and a relationship with the audience
an informative speaker might introduce listeners to
-ideas or events -people or processes -places
when used as supporting material in a speech, examples can
-illustrate - describe - clarify
distractions to listening can originate
-only outside of us -within our thoughts and feelings
factors that distinguish public speaking from other forms of communication include
-opportunities for feedback -level of preparation -degree of formality
a speaker can enhance her or his credibility with the audience by
-preparing well -demonstrating trustworthiness -being well groomed
which of the following types of speech are legally protected in the United States
-racist and sexist speech -pornographic speech
the speech conclusion brings closure to the speech by
-restating the purpose - reiterating why the purpose is relevant to the audience - leaving audience members with something to think about
when rehearsing a speech, the speaker should
-revise the speaking outline -practice under realistic conditons -time the speech
persuasive speech outcomes are strongly influenced by audience perceptions of
-speaker expertise and trustworthiness -speaker attractiveness -speaker similarity to listeners
presentation aids
-summarize and highlight information -help the audience retain ideas and understand difficult concepts -provide dramatic emphasis
effective speakers are careful to use language that is appropriate to
-the audience -the occasion -the subject matter
speech humor should always match
-the audience - the topic -the occasion
the demographic characteristics of sn audience include
-the ratio of males to females -racial and ethnic representation -age variations
characteristics of the speech setting include
-the size of the audience and the length of the speech -lighting and sound -seating capacity and arrangement
conclusion provide
-the speaker the opportunity to drive home the speech purpose -the speaker a final chance to make an impression that accomplishes the speech goals -the audience with a sense of logical and emotional closure.
when making an inventory of research needs, speakers should assess
-their own personal knowledge of the topic -the thesis statement's requirements. -support material for the speech
when narrowing a topic, the speaker should consider the
-time limit for speaking - speech purpose - amount of time available for research
an argument consists of
a claim, evidence, and warrants.
active listening is
a focused, purposeful multistep process
a claim is also called
a proposition
all communication events include
a source and a message
a three-part argument consisting a of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion is called
a syllogism
a speech introduction is designed to
arouse the audience's attention and motivate the audience to accept the speaker's goals
the first challenge faced by the speaker in the introduction of the speech in to win the audience's
attention
the first step on monroe's motivated sequence pattern is
attention
which types of examples offers a single illustration of a point
brief
which pattern arranges points to demonstrate how a particular set of circumstances leads to a specific result
cause-affect
to describe a series of developments in time or a set of actions that occur sequentially, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement
chronological
the first thing an audience notices about a speaker approaching the speaking position is his or her
clothing
presentation aids
concisely convey information
which part of a speech represents the speaker's last opportunity to motivate listeners and memorably state the theme of the speech?
conclusion
Outlines are based o the principle of
coordination and subordiantion
the audience's perceptions of and attitudes toward a speaker make up the speaker's
credibility
________ involves evaluaitig evidence analyzing assumptions and biases, assesing the logic of an argument, and resisting false assumptions
critical thinking
defining one term by comparing it to another term that has an equivalent meaning is called
definition by synonym
the statistical characteristics of a given population or group of people are known as
demographics
the literal, dictionary definition of a word is its
denotative meaning
feeling ____ is one reason many people are uncomfortable about public speaking
different
one key to achieving effective vocal variety is
enthusiasm
the study or moral conduct, or how people should act toward one another, is termed
ethics
in his persuasive speech about why people should buy used instead of new autos, maverick employed which type of appeal
ethos
which of the following is a greek word meaning "character"
ethos
if a medical doctor gives cutting-edge information on the threat of high cholesterol, she is proving which type of supporting material?
expert testimony
which types of delivery falls somewhere between impromptu and memorized
extemporaneous
the method of speech delivery that is most flexible for the speaker and preferred by listeners is
extemporaneous speaking
effective examples for a speech may be all of the following except
extraneous
the ____ admedment assures protection to both honest and dishonest speakers
first
to inform, to persuade, and to mark a special occasion are the three types of
general purposes
research on speaker credibility reveals that people most trust those speakers who
have all of the preceding qualities
when audience members strongly disagree with the speaker's claim, they are a(n) _______ audience.
hostile
which type of a delivery worries speakers because they have little time to gathers their thoughts and archive composure
impromptu
benefits of public speaking do not include
improving intrapersonal skills
the purpose of a(n) ______ speech is to increase the audience understanding and awareness of a topic
informative
defining, describing, demonstrating, and explaining are all related to
informative speaking
audience analysis involves the study of an audience through techniques such as
interviews and questionnaires
a speaker who uses vivid imagery
invites listeners to use their imagiantions
the fear of public speaking
is widespread
whereas persuasive speeches seek to modify attitude or ask the audience to adopt a specific position, the goal of an informative speech is to provide the audience with
knowledge
the conscious act of recognizing, understanding and accurately interpreting messages communicated by other is called
listening
the body of a speech consists of
main points, supporting points, and transitions
effective speech conclusions often employ
many of the same techniques used in introductions
a speaker is more likely to persuade audience members whose position differs_______ from the speaker's
moderately
interview questions that invite elaboration are _____ questions
open-ended
the appeal to audience emotions is termed
pathos
hate speech is offensive communication that is most directed against
people's racial, ethic, religious, gender, or other characteristics
newsweek and time are example of
periodicals
the declaration of independence is an example of a ______ document
primary
to demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and provide justification for a proposed solution, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement
problem-solution
speeches about ____ refer to a series of steps that lead to a finished product or end result
processes
the study of audience members' attitudes, beliefs, values, and personality traits is known as audience
psychology
the modes of persuasion used to appeal to an audience are called
rhetorical proofs
buck gave a persuasive speech about why people should assist the homeless in his city in order to prevent crime. according to maslow, this speech appealed to which basic need
safety
the first step in the speech process is
selecting a topic
which of the following would not be considered a demographic characteristic
self-esteem
when designing a presentation aid, the speaker should strive for
simplicity
which view in powerpoint is meant to be used during projection to an audience
slide show view
plot, characters, setting, and a time line are all essential to
storytelling
when citing testimony in a speech, the speaker should always
supply the name and qualifications of the source.
facts, statistics, testimonies, and narratives are all example of
supporting material
previewing the speech in the introduction
tells the audience the other in which the main points will be addressed
a speaker who anticipates counterarguments and then addresses or refutes them uses
the inoculation effect
which of these factors is important when considering organizational pattern?
the nature of the specific speech purpose
pitch is
the range of sounds a speaker's voice produces from high to low
the goal informative speaking is
to increase audience understanding and awareness
supporting material illustrates main points by ______ the speaker's main ideas.
verifying