Speech Exam 2
Introduction of an Outline should include:
- Attention getting device - Statement of purpose and thesis - Preview of speech
Patterns for arranging Main Ideas
- Chronological - Spatial - Categorical - Cause and Effect - Problem Solution - Comparison and Contrast
Purposes
- Ensure complete coverage of topic - Choose best organizational strategy - Check organizational pattern
Research involves making strategic choices on:
- How much general background reading to do - What issues in your speech will require specific supporting material - How much supporting material is necessary
Types of Supporting Material
- Personal Experience - Common Knowledge - Direct Observation - Documents - Examples - Statistics (According to..) - Testimony (Someone elses experience, summarizing)
3 Reasons to be able to follow a speech
- Recall - Active Listening - Personal Identification
Tools for Locating Supporting Material
- Search Engines - Electronic Databases - Catalogs - Indexes (Newspapers, magazines)
Characteristics of the Main Idea
- Simplicity - Discreteness - Parallel Structure - Balance - Coherence - Completeness
How to choose the Organizational Pattern
- Subject - Purpose - Audience - Culture
Conclusion part of Outline should include:
- Summary of outline - Action desired from audience - Closure device
Reason to Research : 3 Basic Goals
- To develop and strengthen expertise on the topic - To find supporting evidence - To make ideas clear, understandable and perminent to the audience
To help determine what choices to make, ask yourself 3 questions:
- What will the audience expect - What claims might listeners be expected to accept without evidence - Will examples or statistics be more likely to lead the audience to accept my thesis
Sources of Supporting Material
-Periodicals -Newspapers -Books -Reference Works -Government Publications -Interviews -Other Material found online
Presentation Outline
A brief outline, containing only key word, phrases, used as a memory aid during delivery
Preparation Outline
A detailed outline, written in complete sentences, used to develop a clear organizational structure during preparation of the speech - Indicates the hierarchy of importance of ideas ex. I. Main idea A. supporting B. supporting - Topic, Thesis, Complete Sentence (One sentence at a time)
Outline
A display of the organizational pattern of speech
Primacy Effect
A tendency for what is presented first to be best remembered
Recency Effect
A tendency for what is presented last to be best
Coordination
All ideas that are on the same level of importance are designated by the same symbol type, and level of indentation
Spatial
Arranged by place or position
Main Idea
Claims that address the issues in the thesis statement; the primary divisions of the speech -main ideas come from your thesis, specific purpose, and patterns in the research
Logically Independent
Does not require the truth of any other claim or statement as a condition of its own truth
Discreteness
Each element of the outline should only express one idea -if you subdivide a category, there must be more than one subdivision
Categorical
Each main idea becomes a major divisions of speech
Chronological
Organized by the passage of time
Subordination
Supporting materials for a main idea goes underneath the main idea, in a subordinate symbol - order: Capital Roman Numeral (I,II,III), Capital Letter (A,B,C)
Research
The process of looking for and discovering support materials for the speech
Logically Dependent Idea
cannot stand on its own but requires that same other claim or statement be true
Organization
the selection of ideas and materials and their arrangement in a discernible and effective pattern