Speech Final

denotative

A neutral definition focuses on __________ meaning.

rhetorical

A situation in which people's understanding can be changed through messages is a ________ situation.

arrangement stage of putting ideas together.

A speaker relies on an outline during the

agenda setting

A speech designed to prompt the audience to think about an issue that they had previously ignored has the purpose of

chart

A visual aid that simplifies complex material by organizing it visually according to some obvious principle is referred to as a(n)

more motivated

A voluntary audience is ________ than a captive audience.

Listeners will understand and be influenced by your message.

A well organized speech leads to which of the following results?

determine what points the speech must cover

An analysis of the issues implied in your thesis statement enables you to:

audience culture

An analysis of your listeners' beliefs, values, interests, and knowledge is an examination of

Roman numerals

An outline indicates the importance of ideas within a speech, signifying the main ideas with

rhythm

Antithesis and inverted word order are strategies for improving ________ in a speech

inducing a specific action.

As the chair of the United Way campaign, Maggie wanted to convince all her coworkers to sign a pledge card donating money to the United Way. Her purpose was:

omparison and contrast

Bar graphs are useful for showing

motivate listeners to pay attention

Because listeners have a tendency toward selective attention, speakers must be sure to

Make sure that the visual aids can be easily seen

By making visual aids simple, bold, and large, the speaker is following which design principle?

providing new information or perspective

Caleb knew his fellow union members opposed a plan to cut overtime at the plant, but he wanted them to view it more positively. He planned to discuss the likelihood that the plant would close altogether if payroll costs were not reduced. His purpose was

a document

Charlton supported his argument against gun control with the Second Amendment of the Bill of Rights. This type of supporting material is an example of

clarity

Concrete words, maxims, and the active voice help to increase the ________ of your message.

occasion

Deliberative, ceremonial, and forensic are three common types of

vividness

Description, personification, and alliteration are strategies for creating ________ in a speech.

selecting the means

During the __________ stage of strategic planning, you will decide what reasoning, organizational pattern, and supporting material to use.

discreteness

Each main idea in an outline should address a separate idea so that the information under the main headings does not overlap. The characteristic is known as

thesis statement

Hanna wrote the following statement while preparing for her persuasive speech: "Lawyers have an undeserved reputation for dishonesty." This statement is a __________ statement.

line graph

Helga wants to show how the rate of traffic accidents changes for drivers as they advance in age. What type of visual aid would best represent this information?

demographics

Heterogeneity is an element of audience

introduction and conclusion

In a presentation outline, which two elements should be written out word for word?

opinion testimony

In a speech about local crime rates, Angela stated, "The Chief of Police says that neighborhood watch programs are the best defense against property crimes." What type of support is this?

a maxim

In his discussion of gun control, Evan warned his listeners that we could not adopt the approach used in England because comparing British laws with United States laws was like, "comparing apples and oranges." Evan was using a language device for improving clarity known as

malapropism

In his speech on the West Nile Virus, Derrick informed the audience that "mosquitoes were the transformers of the disease." This statement contains a

strategic plan

In order to respond appropriately to the rhetorical situation, you need to develop a(n) ________ that identifies the purpose of your speech.

Comparison-contrast

Jared wants to inform his listeners about the nutritional value of Subway food verses McDonald's. Which organizational pattern would best fit his speech?

they can distract the audience from the message.

One major drawback to using visual aids in a speech is

simplifying devices

Outside of the classroom, most speakers conduct audience analysis using

coordinate

Parallel statements at the same level of importance in the outline are

belittling the source

Phillip gave a persuasive speech about why people should not smoke. His classmate, Morris, refused to accept Phillip's arguments, even though they were well supported, because he thought Phillip was just another liberal do-gooder who wanted to curtail people's freedom. Which act of selective perception did Morris exhibit?

how variables comprise proportions or percentages of a whole.

Pie graphs best illustrate

a specific situation

Public speaking occurs in response to

boomerang effect and polysemy

Selective influence can be prompted by which two conditions?

dismissal

Sharelle's speech about reducing juvenile delinquency was very convincing. She clearly defined the problem and proved that volunteering at a youth agency can have an impact. One audience member, Harlan, agreed that volunteering was a great solution, but since he figured there would be lots of volunteers, he didn't see the need to donate his own time to the cause. Harlan was resisting persuasion by

heterogeneous

Speakers should keep in mind that most audiences are

beliefs

Statements that listeners regard to be true are

opinion testimony

Supporting material which relies on the judgments of someone, other than the speaker, who has relevant experience and expertise is called

audience composition

The analysis of listeners' perceptions and their selective exposure and attention is an analysis of

listeners are overwhelmed by a compelling argument and feel inadequate to bring about change.

The boomerang effect occurs when

communication apprehension

The fears and worries people have about communication with others are known as

motivation

The most basic theory of ________ is that people seek to attain pleasure and avoid pain.

the speaker and the message

The speaker's language choice will influence the listeners' perception of

desired outcome of the speech

The specific purpose statement clearly identifies the

performative and conversational

The two types of oral style are

a clear message and positive ethos.

Two important goals for any speech are

photographs, diagrams and maps

Visual aids known as representations include:

flowchart

Wanda wanted a visual aid to show the series of choices one should make when selecting an investment strategy. What type of visual aid would serve her best?

your audience analysis

What is the most important factor in determining how much supporting material you should include in support of your claims?

ethos

What is the term used to refer to the character that is attributed to a speaker by listeners on the basis of what the speaker says and does in the speech?

problem-solution

What organizational pattern is reflected in the following main ideas? I. Crime is on the rise in Midville II. Neighborhood watch programs can dramatically reduce crime.

factual testimony

When a speaker supports a point by offering facts gathered by someone else, this type of supporting material is

direct observation

When a speaker uses supporting material based on what he or she has seen or heard, that type of support is called

speaker

When analyzing the four factors of the rhetorical situation, ethos is an important consideration related to the

read your outline word for word

When rehearsing your speech, you should NOT

important to you and interesting to the audience

When selecting a topic for your speech, you should select one that is

above the level of your head

When speaking to a large audience all seated at the same level on the floor, you should display your visual aids

refutation

When the speaker attempts to disprove or dispute arguments or appeals made by others, the goal is

rhythm

When the speaker creates ________ in the speech, the listeners are able to grasp the pattern, anticipate the direction, and become more active participants in the speech situation.

the speaker did not use them properly

When visual aids fail, it is usually because

strengthening commitment

When you know that your audience already agrees with you, you should use the persuasive strategy of

audience demographics

When you tailor your speech to the educational level of your classmates in a public speaking course, you are focusing your audience analysis on

psychology

When your audience analysis focuses on the perceptual processes of the audience, including their tendencies toward selective exposure and selective attention, you are assessing audience

stage direction

Which element in a presentation outline is represented by the notation, "Show visual aid #2 now"?

Seek out evidence specifically suited to both your purpose and your audience

Which of the following approaches to research demonstrates strategic planning?

simplicity

Which of the following characteristics refers to the idea that main points should be stated in single short sentences?

-some problem affects people collectively -cooperative action is needed to address the problem -the decision requires subjective judgment -a decision is required

Which of the following conditions is necessary for creating the public forum?

problem-solution and motivated sequence

Which of the following describe the two most common patterns for persuasive speeches?

It helps the speaker discover which points have insufficient supporting material.

Which of the following is a benefit of a well-constructed preparation outline?

rhetoric

Which of the following is the term for the study of how messages affect people?

strategic planning

Which of the following processes addresses when to speak, what to say, and how to organize one's message?

need and satisfaction

Which of the following steps of the motivated sequence resemble the problem and the solution in a problem-solution speech?

-object to the claim and develop a contrary claim -identify the position to be attacked -explain the significance of the position being attacked -explain the impact of the refutation All of the above

Which of the following strategies is employed by the speaker during refutation?

word economy

Which of the following strategies promotes clarity in a speech?

search engine

Which of the following terms describes a computer program which locates web sites that are likely to have information you are interested in?

spatial

Which organizational pattern arranges main ideas according to location or position?

comparison-contrast

Which organizational pattern focuses on similarities and differences among ideas?

residues

Which organizational pattern is reflected in the following main ideas? I. Fossil fuels are not a renewable II. Nuclear power is a dangerous alternative III. Geothermal energy cannot be used in all parts of the country. IV. Solar Power is the best hope for our future energy needs.

dictionary

Which reference work would you need to find the origin of a word?

hypothetical example

Which type of example asks listeners to imagine a situation that, although it is not real, provides a realistic depiction of a problem or issue?

preparation outline

Which type of outline is developed in detail while composing the speech?

presentation outline

Which type of outline is made simple and brief to provide a memory aid while delivering the speech?

the speaker

Who is responsible for evaluating the reliability and credibility of supporting materials drawn from internet sources?

key words

Your presentation outline should identify supporting materials by using

Main ideas

_____ are the claims that address the issues in the thesis statement of a speech.