Speech Final Exam Study Guide

By syllogism, we mean

A deductive argument that reasons from shared principles.

What is spatial design?

A design based on physical relationships, such as east-west, north-south, or points around a circle

Attacking a person rather than the issue/argument

Ad hominem

When Julie argues that we should not listen to Jerome's ideas for immigration reform because, "He's just a right-wing idiot!" She is probably guilty of using what persuasive fallacy?

Ad hominem

What is an ineffective listening style?

Agressive

Sally sells sea shells by the sea shore exemplifies what figure of speech?

Alliteration

_______________ refers to our feelings toward a given speaker or topic.

Attitudes

What is it called to examine your audience for the purpose of particularly crafting your speech for them?

Audience analysis

When listeners perceive that a speakers verbal message conflicts with his or her body language, what do they usually believe?

Body language

What are three components of nonverbal communication?

Body language, facial expression, and gestures

Which type of speech design breaks a topic into natural or customary divisions?

Categorical

Which ethical principle developed by Immanuel Kant states that we should only act in ways we want to become universal law?

Categorical imperative

What is the method or means through which the communication occurs called?

Channel/medium

Using words precisely and simply is an example of which of the six C's of oral language?

Clarity

Replacing the thought "Everyone will laugh at my speech because I sound so dumb" with "Ive done my research and I know what I am talking about is an example of what?

Cognitive Restructuring

What are the implied, emotional meanings in words?

Connotations

What does CODE stand for?

Content, Organization, Delivery, Effectiveness

An enthymeme, which starts with a major premise and moves into a minor premise followed by a conclusion, is which type of argument?

Deductive

Vocal effectiveness, gestures, body movement, and facial expression are all part of which rhetorical canon?

Delivery

What type of information is the age and gender of an audience?

Demographic

What are some strategies from moving the audience from agreement to action?

Demonstrate the need for involvement, use emotional appeals to involve your audience, provide specific instruction for getting involved

What is the best synonym for the word "noise" in the communication field?

Distraction

What kind of narrative is the most commonly used form of story-telling in public speaking?

Embedded

What is the process of converting your thoughts and ideas into meaningful symbols?

Encoding

Images of "family," "light and darkness," and "stormy seas" are all examples of _____.

Enduring metaphors

The motivated sequence speech design includes the following parts:

Establishing a sense of need, offer solutions, and calling to action

Which of Aristotle's proofs deals with the persuasion of the person, character proof, or the perception of the speaker by the audience?

Ethos

What is the speaking style called that is both practiced and prepared, while also is flexible in the moment to allow the speaker to respond to audience feedback?

Extemporaneous

Exact wording of the speakers message is more important than connecting with the audience.

False

Extemporaneous presentations are usually more effective when they are read from your notes.

False

Handouts should be distributed before a speech so that listeners can read along while you are speaking.

False

Listeners' attitudes toward a topic rarely affect their ability to listen.

False

Oral language is less spontaneous than written language.

False

Students should not "tell stories" while giving serious speeches.

False

States that there are only two choices when really there are more

False dilemma

What are some ways that listeners can help speakers cope with communication anxiety?

Giving them your whole-hearted attention, showing up prepared to listen, and providing them with encouraging feedback

The belief that just because a person is likeable or respectable that whatever he/she says must be true

Halo effect

What are the 5 parts of an effective introduction?

Hook, preview of main points, thesis statement, tie to audience, statement of credibility

What does the preliminary tuning effect refer to?

How speeches before your speech affect audience perceptions

What is the 5 step listening process where we use who we are to decide what we heard? (Filtering the message through past experiences and knowledge to create meaning)

Interpreting

What is true about effective language use?

It shapes the way we think about the world around us, it can arouse feelings and emotions, and it can unite audiences around a shared sense of purpose

_________ refers to technical language related to a specific field that may be incomprehensible to most listeners.

Jargon

Which of Aristotle's proofs is based on the speaker's appeals to logics or facts?

Logos

What is a rhetorical question designed to do?

Make the audience think

How do we describe speakers who do not vary pitch, rate, or loudness?

Monotone

The principle of ____________ entails that speech materials in an outline should descend in importance from general main points to more specific subpoints and sub-subpoints.

Order

What is the technique called where you word each of your main points in the same grammatical format to help the audience both to recognize them during the speech and to remember them following the speech?

Parallelism

Which of Aristotle's proofs is emotional proof, or the frame of mind the speaker tries to put the audience in by appealing to feelings?

Pathos

How high or low a speaker's voice is on a musical scale is referred to as his or her:

Pitch

What does vocal variety include?

Pitch, rate, and loudness changes

What involves the distribution of your body weight in a comfortable and poised way consistent with the impression you wish to make as a speaker?

Posture

A speech encouraging students to recycle would most likely follow what persuasive speech design?

Problem-solution

Which of the following is not NOT part of Toulmin's model of argument?

Rebuttal

Draws attention away from the real issue

Red herring

Which persuasive speech design would you use if your primary goal was to attack the opposing viewpoint?

Refutative design

What is it called when you know the main issues of a topic, what authorities say about it, the latest events surrounding it, and how it affects listeners?

Responsible knowledge

What are the 3 parts of an effective conclusion?

Restatement of thesis, review of main points, memorable conclusion

How can you best avoid the great expectation fallacy?

Set modest goals for persuading your audience

What is a delayed reaction to persuasion called?

Sleeper effect

Once something happens, an inevitable trend is established that will lead to disastrous results

Slippery slope

Proxemics is the study of how humans use what in communication?

Space

This type of information is hard for the audience to process audibly and is hard for the speaker to deliver without the support of a visual aid.

Statistics

Generalized assumptions such as "Asians are good at math" are best characterized as what?

Stereotypes

What kind of fallacy are we guilty of when we misstate opposing views in a manner that makes them easier to discredit?

Straw man

What should you develop to support the main ideas of your speeches?

Subpoints and sub-subpoints

The collection of seven interdependent parts which are arranged so that if one part changes, it creates corresponding changes in the other parts is called what?

The Public Speaking System

Addressing a group of concerned Christians in support of pornography, Bill argues that "religious fanaticism is a threat to freedom." Not surprisingly, his audience members come away more opposed to pornography than ever. Bill has just experienced what persuasive phenomenon?

The boomerang effect

When you tell your audience what you will be covering in the speech by listing your main points during the introduction (giving a verbal map for them to follow) what is it called?

The preview

What is the main claim and central idea of your speech that ties everything together?

The thesis

What is not a benefit of using a presentation aid?

They make audience interaction less important.

What are some potential problems of using video during presentations?

They often upstage short presentations, they require skillful editing to look professional, and longer clips may distract attention from your central message

To arouse the emotions of listeners, what potential barriers must speakers overcome?

Time, distance, and apathy

Analogical reasoning is particularly effective when defending abstract or unfamiliar proposals.

True

Communication skills have consistently ranked as the most important factor in determining success in the American workplace.

True

Effective description relies heavily on the artful use of language.

True

Finding your voice as a public speaker refers to developing technical competence, learning more about yourself, and discovering your place in society.

True

Identification is the feeling of sharing or closeness that can develop between speakers and listeners.

True

Informative value refers to how much new and important information a speech proves for an audience.

True

Material that is accurate and reliable should be verifiable through other sources.

True

Nonverbal messages should reinforce the verbal message

True

Parallel construction uses the same or similar wording for the main points of a speech.

True

Persuasion refers to the art of gaining a fair and favorable consideration for your point of view.

True

Proof by pathos is especially important to moving audiences to action.

True

Reasoning from common ground or areas of agreement is crucial to a coactive approach to persuasion.

True

Speakers often use lay testimony to help listeners understand the real-life consequences of issues.

True

Strongly held attitudes and feelings are typically grounded in core values.

True

The introduction and conclusion of a speech should be brief and approximately equal in length.

True

The principle of balance suggests that each part of a speech should receive appropriate development.

True

There is no cure for communication anxiety, but you can learn to manage it with practice and experience.

True

Unless you specify the source of information, or indicate in some way that a passage is a direct quotation, you could find yourself inadvertently committing plagiarism.

True

Your appearance can affect your credibility.

True

What are things you should remember when preparing a PowerPoint presentation?

Use contrasting colors to make it easy to read, use blank screens when not in use, and do not present your entire speech from the PowerPoint slides

What should you always do when using presentation aids?

Use them when practicing presentations, be prepared to speak without them if necessary, and be careful not to speak to them or read from them

Which ethical principle measures conduct and character by examining the greatest good for the greatest number?

Utilitarianism

An audience member who is moved by appeals to grow, discover, create, enjoy, and achieve is responding to:

abundance motivation

Why are supporting information and materials important to public speaking?

because they encourage listeners to take our messages seriously, they help our messages to withstand doubt and controversy, and they add human appeal to our assertions

_______________ refers to the messages listeners send back to a speaker while he or she is speaking

feedback