Speech Study Guide

Which of the following statements is the best example of direct speech? "I don't feel like cooking tonight. I am ordering pizza to be delivered." "Wouldn't you rather have pizza tonight than that leftover spaghetti?" "Oh dear! I forgot to go to the grocery store. I hope I can find something decent to cook for dinner." "Fred says that new pizza place down the street has great pizza, and they deliver."

"I don't feel like cooking tonight. I am ordering pizza to be delivered."

Which of the following would be the best active listening response to the statement: "This has been the worst day of my life!" "This is the worst day of your life, huh?" "You think you have had a bad day; let me tell you about mine!" "You seem really upset. What made your day so bad?" "Awe, sorry . . . but I have a meeting to go to."

"You seem really upset. What made your day so bad?"

Which of the following statements is an example of self-disclosure? "Do I look fat in this outfit?" "I've never told anyone this, but I'm afraid to go to parties alone." "Everybody knows that Angela is my sister." "Don't go over to his house tonight."

"i've never told anyone this, but I'm afraid to go to parties alone."

Which of the following is true of communication contexts? Context has little bearing on how messages are conveyed. Context is simply the physical environment in which communication takes place. All communication takes places within contexts Context is the same as the content dimension of communication.

All communication takes places within contexts

__________ refers to a willingness to stand up for your rights but with respect for the rights of others.

Assertiveness

Which of the following recommendations will increase effectiveness in receiving messages? Focus your attention on the speaker's nonverbal messages alone. Avoid assuming you know what the speaker will say next. Focus your attention on what the speaker will say next. All of the above.

Avoid assuming you know what the speaker will say next.

Austin strives to listen politely. What is the best advice that you can give him?

Avoid interrupting the speaker.

Albert wants to ensure that he is communicating politely in his e-mail. Which of the following is the best strategy for him to use? Write it in all capital letters. Compose a lengthy e-mail. Generate unsolicited e-mails whenever possible. Avoid offensive language.

Avoid offensive language

The vehicle through which we send messages is referred to as the __________.

Channel

Which of the following statements is true of the blind area of the Johari window? Communication is generally improved as the blind area becomes smaller. All information in the blind area is known by the self and others. A large blind area indicates high self-esteem. Information in the blind area is buried in a person's self-conscious.

Communication is generally improved as the blind area becomes smaller

"You cannot not communicate" expresses which principle of communication?

Communication is inevitable

Dong-Sun and Chris had a very serious argument during which Dong-Sun said some very hurtful things to Chris. After the argument, he tried to apologize for what was said during the argument. Dong-Sun's later behavior best reflects which principle of communication?

Communication is irreversible and unrepeatable

During a videoconference job interview for an entry-level position with a large fast-food chain, Melkamzer answers a series of questions posed by Annie, a regional manager. What type of communication did they both engage in?

Computer-mediated communication

Which of the following is an appropriate way to avoid ageism? Assume older people are not interested in the world around them. Talk louder and slower to older people, regardless of whether they are hard of hearing. Remember to refresh older people's memories every time you see them. Do not assume that older people do not understand technology.

Do not assume that older people do not understand technology

T or F: Competence refers to your interpersonal communication abilities rather than to small-group or public-speaking abilities.

False

T or F: Connotations of words are found in dictionaries.

False

T or F: During team meetings, Luc doodles. This is an example of a self-adaptor.

False

T or F: Hearing and listening are essentially the same process.

False

T or F: Monochronemic societies tend to schedule many different tasks at one time.

False

T or F: No one should hesitate to self-disclose information about himself or herself regardless of the immediate audience.

False

T or F: Politeness in communication is the exclusive function of the speaker.

False

T or F: The looking-glass self is based on the idea of how you see yourself directly.

False

T or F: The personal distance is the closest of all of Hall's four distances and ranges from the close phase of actual touching to the far phase of 6 to 18 inches.

False

T or F: The self-serving bias is when you take credit for the negative and deny any responsibility for the positive

False

T or F: The use of a derogatory racist term is an example of institutional heterosexism.

False

Which of the following is true about self-concept?

Gender roles generally are learned through cultural teachings.

When Henri wants to share information with Chantal but not with others in the room, he switches from speaking English to speaking French, which Chantal understands. Which of the following best describes what Henri does to keep his comments to Chantal private?

He encodes his message in a way he thinks only Chantal will understand

__________ refers to the processes you go through to communicate the impression you want other people to have of you.

Impression management

The open self of the Johari window represents __________.

Information about yourself that you and others know

Which of the following suggestions should you follow when making decisions about another person's nonverbal communication? Draw immediate conclusions about nonverbal behaviors. Understand that messages come through only one channel of communication. Accept that your first judgment is most likely correct. Interpret your judgments and conclusions against a cultural context.

Interpret your judgments and conclusions against a cultural context.

Which of the following statements is true of active listening? It enables you to check your understanding of what the speaker has said. It enables you to express an evaluation of what the speaker has said. It inhibits the speaker from further exploring his or her feelings and thoughts. It discourages the speaker from solving his or her problem.

It enables you to check your understanding of what the speaker has said.

Which of the following is a benefit of using effective nonverbal communication? It decreases your ability to understand people. It decreases your own perceived attractiveness. It challenges your ability to make an effective self-presentation. It increases your psychosocial well-being.

It increases your psychosocial well-being.

Bethany wants to be a good critical listener. Which of the following should she do? Filter out any undesirable messages. Focus only on nonverbal communication. Focus only on verbal communication. Keep an open mind.

Keep an open mind

Which of the following is a correct statement about listening? Hearing and listening are the same. Listening is a natural, passive process. Listening is the same regardless of the situation. Listening can be improved

Listening can be improved

Which of the following is true about the relationship between culture and listening? Standards for appropriate feedback are basically the same across cultures. Listening in any culture requires attention to both verbal and nonverbal cues. Nonverbal cues tend to have the same meaning across cultures. Polite listening in all cultures involves cues of agreement.

Listening in any culture requires attention to both verbal and nonverbal cues

Matthew is sitting in communications class while the instructor is lecturing, but his mind keeps wandering to his upcoming vacation. Matthew is experiencing which type of listening barrier?

Mental distractions

Of the following terms, which is the lowest in abstraction? cats my orange tabby, Murray animals carnivores

My orange tabby, Murray

Olivia does not want Justin to know that she is disappointed with the golf clubs he gave her for her birthday, so she smiles broadly and jumps up and down as if she is very excited. Olivia's use of nonverbal communication is an example of which principle of nonverbal communication?

Nonverbal communication helps manage impressions

Which of the following is a suggestion for facilitating the passage of information from short-term memory to long-term memory?

Organize what you hear in an easy-to-retain format

Rosa judges everything Serena does based on the fact that Serena is an only child. Rosa is engaging in which attribution error?

Overattribution

__________ distance ranges from 18 inches to 4 feet and constitutes the imaginary "bubble" that keeps you protected and untouched by others.

Personal

__________ is often referred to as the "either/or" fallacy.

Polarization

__________ territories are areas that you might call your own; these areas are your exclusive preserve. Examples might include your room, your desk, or your office.

Primary

Biases or prejudices of senders-receivers are examples of what kind of noise?

Psychological

__________ distance, which measures from 12 to 25 feet or more, protects you. At this distance, you could take defensive action if threatened.

Public

The tendency to divide the various communication transactions into sequences of stimuli and responses is referred to as __________.

Punctuation

In order to improve your empathic listening, which of the following recommendations would be helpful? See things from the receiver's point of view. Engage in one-way communication. Interrupt the speaker if what you have to say is more important. Seek to understand the speaker's thoughts and feelings.

Seek to understand the speaker's thoughts and feelings.

Phatic communication is also referred to as __________.

Small talk

Most business transactions take place at which proxemic distance?

Social

Artie believes Asian people are more intelligent than other people. Artie is engaging in which perceptual process?

Stereotyping

Which statement is an example of nonsexist language? The average student is worried about his grades. The competent student knows her limitations. The first-year students may require extra attention. The unprepared student jeopardizes his chance for a good grade.

The first-year students may require extra attention.

Which of the following is a physical barrier that may interfere with listening? thinking about the date you had last night concentrating on the pain in your toe the sound of a fire alarm focusing on an upcoming test

The sound of a fire alarm

__________ communication is perhaps the most primitive form of nonverbal communication.

Touch

T or F: "Mankind will soon walk on Mars" is an example of sexist language.

True

T or F: Annie thought the movie was great even though she thought the beginning was boring. Annie experienced the recency effect.

True

T or F: Choice points are moments when you have to make choices regarding your communication.

True

T or F: Daydreaming is an example of psychological noise.

True

T or F: Eye messages vary with both culture and gender.

True

T or F: Generally, effective listeners are effective managers.

True

T or F: It is best to use cultural identifiers that are recognized and used by cultural groups themselves.

True

T or F: It is recommended that you remind yourself of your successes by using affirmations.

True

T or F: Sunglasses may be regarded as communication noise.

True

T or F: The evaluation stage of listening can be made more effective by resisting evaluation until you fully understand the speaker's viewpoint.

True

T or F: The punctuation of communication is the segmenting of the continuous stream of communication into smaller pieces.

True

T or F: The responding stage of the listening process can be enhanced through the use of "I" messages

True

T or F: The two important messages that smell communicates are attraction and identification.

True

T or F: Using indirect language allows people to express a desire without insulting or offending others.

True

__________ occurs when you decode the speaker's signals and grasp both the thoughts that are expressed and the emotional tone that accompanies them.

Understanding

Which of the following is true concerning the relationship between listening and gender? Women may be socialized to exhibit more listening cues than men. Women typically make less eye contact than men while listening. Women may be socialized to interrupt speakers more than men. Women listen less to men than men listen to women.

Women may be socialized to exhibit more listening cues than men

One of the best ways to guard against static evaluation is to use __________.

a date subscript

Self-esteem is defined as __________.

a measure of how valuable we think we are

The temporal dimension of context is __________.

a message's position within a sequence of events

The statement "Anderson is such an idiot" contains __________.

a snarl word

During her speech to persuade her classmates to get involved in campus politics, Haley pounds the podium to draw her audience's attention to a particularly important point. Haley has used nonverbal communication to __________ verbal communication.

accent

During stressful situations, Quinn tends to play with his glasses to calm his nerves and focus his attention. Quinn's nonverbal action is an example of an __________.

adaptor

Jennifer always demonstrates enthusiasm when communicating and follows the cultural rules for polite, cooperative, respectful conversation. Jennifer is using __________.

affinity-seeking strategies

When Lilly interviewed Meisha for a job, she told her, "Meisha, you have been out of college for a very long time, and I don't think you would be comfortable with our young clients." Lilly's statement could be considered __________.

ageist

The "spiral of silence" theory suggests that you are more likely to voice __________ than __________.

agreement; disagreement

Adding "et cetera" to their messages helps speakers to avoid __________.

allness

The local newspaper allows readers to make comments on stories in its online edition. Readers do not have to give their names, and many of the comments are extreme. This is an example of __________ messages.

anonymous

The process of trying to understand others' behaviors is called __________.

attribution of control

Pat has a habit of surrounding herself with people who are extremely critical and find fault with everything. Pat's choice in friends may __________.

be detrimental to her self-esteem

Self-disclosure __________.

can include slips of the tongue

When you avoid eye contact or avert your glance to help others maintain privacy, it is known as __________.

civil inattention

People in monochronic cultures __________.

compartmentalize time

E-mailing, blogging, and posting on Google+ and Facebook are all examples of __________ communication.

computer-mediated

When Ashley tells Jeremy, "I am going to study really hard for that history test," and Jeremy replies, "I know you will. You have a real drive to do well in school. I admire you," Jeremy is engaging in __________.

confirmation

When we are listening to someone speak, we are not passive; rather, we nod our heads, purse our lips, lean forward, and so on. All of these nonverbal behaviors are used to __________.

control the flow of verbal messages

Sharia is listening logically and dispassionately to the salesperson who is trying to sell her a car. Sharia is engaging in what type of listening?

critical

The text defines display rules as __________.

cultural rules that govern which nonverbal behaviors are appropriate and which are inappropriate in a public setting

The concept of the looking-glass self suggests that we __________.

develop ourself-concept by attending to how others communicate with us

When Jeanne tells Dave, "I'm so stoked! I got an A on my chemistry midterm," and Dave replies, "I'm hungry. Let's get some lunch," Dave is engaging in __________.

disconfirmation

Xander has placed a nameplate on his desk with his name and title. This is an example of a(n) __________.

earmarker

Your neighbor is telling you about the sadness he feels about the death of his wife. To communicate understanding, you should practice __________ listening.

empathic

Generally, people use facial management techniques to __________.

enable them to express feelings while achieving desired effects

When someone sends a message in response to your initial message, such as laughing at your joke, he or she is sending __________.

feedback

The information on the cover of a magazine that entices a reader to buy it is an example of __________.

feedforward

The statement "I may be wrong about this, but. . . ." best illustrates the element of communication known as __________.

feedforward

While listening to Ella talk about her accident, Mel nods his head and says, "uh-huh" and "hmmm." Mel is __________.

giving back-channeling cues

When Don, who is an openly gay man, meets Mehmet, Mehmet automatically assumes that Don must also know Rick, Mehmet's gay residence-hall director. Mehmet's tendency to assume that Don and Rick would probably know each other can be described as __________.

heterosexist

John has never told anyone about his fear of spiders. We can assume this fear is part of John's __________ self

hidden

Fatima only wears one kind of perfume, Serenity. When Fatima's friends smell Serenity, they instantly think of her. In this case, the smell of Serenity functions as a(n) __________ message.

identification

At the evaluation stage of the listening process, one should __________.

identify any biases, self-interests, or prejudices that the speaker may have

When we focus on classes of individuals or objects and fail to see that each is unique, we have the misevaluation of __________.

indiscrimination

Mandatory retirement laws and age restrictions in certain occupations can be referred to as __________.

institutional ageism

Artifactual communication would include __________.

jewelry

Hearing happens when you get within range of some auditory stimulus, but __________ begins only when the messages the speaker sends are received.

listening

"Do you understand what I've just asked you to do?" is an example of a(n) __________.

metamessage

To help another person maintain __________, you respect the person's right to be autonomous. For instance, you might request rather than demand that he or she do something.

negative face

Ethnic identity refers to __________.

one's commitment to the beliefs and philosophy of one's own culture

The process by which you become aware of objects, events, and people by using your senses is called __________.

perception

Before launching into her presentation to the board of directors, Sandra circulates through the room making small talk about the weather, the results of last night's ball game, etc. Sandra is engaging in __________.

phatic communication

Several students sitting together in a student lounge studying for an exam might be perceived as a study group based on the rule of __________.

proximity

When making the company newsletter, Janet includes the anniversaries of all the people of her race, but omits the anniversaries of the office's employees of a different race. Janet's behavior can be described as __________.

racist

At the __________ stage of listening, you note not only what is said (verbally and nonverbally) but also what is omitted.

receiving

Beverly watches only Fox News because its reporters and commentators reinforce her existing beliefs and attitudes. Beverly is engaging in __________.

selective exposure

Joe has always believed that he is lousy at athletics. When he tried to play soccer, he was sure he would not be good at it, and indeed, he was not very adept. This may be a result of the __________.

self-fulfilling prophecy

Before going to a reception at the university president's house, Abby reminds her date, Homer, not to act like he is at a fraternity party. Abby wants Homer to be most aware of the __________ context.

social-psychological

When you hear a new song played on the radio, the __________ stage of the perception process has just occurred.

stimulation

The linear model of communication is analogous with a(n) __________.

tennis game

When you come into a lecture hall early, place your books and jacket on a seat, and then go out to talk with friends, you have engaged in behavior best described as __________.

territorial

Of the following terms, which is the highest in abstraction? chairs furniture things to sit on the wing chair in Sandra's living room

things to sit on

Intensional orientation refers to the tendency to __________.

view people, objects, and events in terms of how they are labeled rather than in terms of how they actually exist

Paralanguage may be defined as the __________.

vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech

Christina and DeAnna were having a quiet conversation over drinks before the band started to play, but now they have to shout and even then can't really hear what the other is saying. We can assume that once the band started to play, the signal-to-noise ratio in this scenario __________.

went from high signal/low noise to low signal/high noise