SPLA Exam 3
How many morphemes Fillers, uh, oh
0
How many morphemes ccc c andy
1
How many morphemes Compound word- birthday, cowboy
1 morpheme
How many morphemes Diminutives- daddy, mommy
1 morpheme
How many morphemes Irregular plurals- men, feet, teeth
1 morpheme
How many morphemes Proper names- Dora the Explorer
1 morpheme
How many morphemes Ritualized reduplication- night night
1 morpheme
Toddlers rely on the uses of objects and on routines for comprehension. Two strategies may be used with objects:
1. Do-what-you-usually-do. Balls would be rolled, thrown, dropped, or passed back and forth, no matter what the child heard 2. Act-on-the-object-in-the-way-mentioned. Noting the action, the child would throw the ball whether the caregiver said, "Now, you throw the ball," or "Remember how Johnny throws the ball in the baseball game?" Event knowledge is still important.
Three assumptions we assume toddlers make seem fundamental
1. People use words to refer to entities. 2. Words are extendable. 3. A given word refers to the whole entity, not its parts.
How many morphemes Tom's
2
How many morphemes blocks
2
How many morphemes Recurrence- NO NO No
3 morpheme
Theory of mind develop around
4
Why are sequences in base knowledge good
A child uses this knowledge to form scripts or sets of expectations that aid memory, enhance comprehension, and give the individual child a knowledge base for interpreting events (Words are learned within a social context; their meaning is found in a child's representation of event)
Syntax Imperative
A demand or insistence
Syntax Interrogative
A question
syntax negative
A sentence with no, not or n't
Syntax Declarative
A statement, labe or description of something
Over-extension/over-generalization
Applying a word with too many ideas that don't fit that word ( everything round it is moon)
Morphological Terms
Catenatives Diminutives Tense
What syntax I like that. It's a bird. I want a cookie. My cookie.
Declarative
taxonomic knowledge
Early words are first comprehended and produced in the context of everyday events. From repeated use, the words themselves become cues for the event.
What is event based knowledge
Event-based knowledge consists of sequences of events or routines, such as a birthday party, that are temporal or causal in nature and organized toward a goal. These sequences of events contain actors, roles, props, and options or alternatives. .
Expressive or referential- Bye Bye
Expressive
Social words
Expressive
Fast mapping
Figure out a new after hearing it once
example of moon shines, twinkle hold astronauts what is is
Functional Core Hypothesis
Deixis example
Honey can you go get that. I look and show you what I want and you fallow
What syntax Give me a cookie. Take your shoes off.
Imperative
locational prepositions (spatial relations)
In on to (appear about two years)
what syntax What's going on? What is that? yes or no questions
Interrogative
Substantive words example
Labels of objects or events people (agents) Action
What syntax Can't get it, no night night
Negative
under-extension/under-generalization
Not applying the word to as many ideas as it should fit for the conventional meaning
under-extension/under-generalization or Over-extension/over-generalization Dog could be a cat, tiger, stuffed animal
Over-extension
What kind of information skills do children apply language learning?
Pay attention to the ends of words. Pay attention to the order of words and morphemes. The use of grammatical markers should make semantic sense.
Expressive or referential- Nose, Tommy
Referential
Noun
Referential
Reading experience
Semantic (interrelationship of spelling and meaning) morphological- (internal structure of words affixes (un, dis)and derivation of words (happy, unhappy) mental graph (does this look right)
example of moon yellow, round bumpy what is it
Semantic Features Hypothesis
Functional Core hypothesis makes what
Tree Diagram
Presupposion
What are the argument to persuade someone
Copula example
am is are was were
cognitive skill
being able to think about someone elses thought and ideas
What is Taxonomic Knowledge consists of
categories and classes of words.
holophrase example
cookie- I want a cookie eh oh meaning represents something bad happening
Diminutives example and how many morphemes
doggie, kittie, 1 morpheme
Pragmatic terms
early communication function that apply to word use
Short, simple sentences are________ and they provide a starting point for discovering words, categories of words, and grammatical patterns in the environment.
easier to process,
Preschoolers rely on ________________, while kindergartners use more categorical script-related groupings such as things I eat. By age 7 to 10, children are using ______________, such as food.
event-based knowledge taxonomic categories
What is phonology
form of language sound (Like how you say folks)
Copula is
form of the verb
Front or stopping do for go
front
Catenatives example and how many morphemes
gonna, wanna, gotta, hafta, 1 morpheme
True word is when
have the right meaning have one to one match to specific meaning
Auxiliary verb is
helping verb that cannot stand alone
action example
hit
Lexicon
individual dictionary of each person containing words and the understanding concepts of each. The lexicon is dynamic changing with experience
Tense example and how many morphemes
ing, ed, s counts has 1 without the word
Example of auxiliary verbs
is have, go
Deixis
is language that points to an idea
what is pragmatics
language use for a purpose (okay, folks- gets attention)
Ellipsis
leaving out language that you assume the listener knows from context, familiarity or previous turns in the conversation
under-extension/under-generalization example
man have a bread only really mean have breads moons are only moons when they are circle and not half
longer utterence tend to have
more complex syntax
indirect request
not directly requesting somthing
Lexicon learns more
nouns
Pivot scheme
one word or phrase structures that utterance by determining intent. several words . (throw ball, throw blanket, want up want blanket)
Holophrase
one-word utterence (word) that convey a more complete message (doggy meaning come here)
Temporal relations
order acquires cognitive skills
Agent is
people
object is
people acting
Anaphoric reference
pronouns or it
Bullseye-cup in middle, coffee cup, outside cup for pencils what is this
prototype hypothesis
Which order is better put on sock then will go will go when you put on sock
put on sock then will go backwards throw them of (age 4 should know backwards)
What is morphology
putting word parts that are meaning full together to make words
What is syntax
putting words together to make a sentence
Interrogatives
questions
Substantive words
refer to specific items or classes of items that share certain perceptual or functional features
Child uses three strategies to understand if temporal word unknown
relies on order of mention remember better when the words first it other two do not work child uses real life sequence
______ are easier to process, and they provide a starting point for discovering words, categories of words, and grammatical patterns in the environment
simple sentences
Phonemic and phonological development
sound relationships, putting sounds together to make words
Front-substitution process
sounds made in front of mouth substituted for sounds made in back of mouth
front or stop ting for sing or bat for fat
stopping
stopping
sustitution a stop consonant for another sound
object example
the ball
agent example
the boy
taxonomic knowledge example
the words bath and soap become cues for bathing, while cookie and juice represent snack. (As the child acquires more words, cookie, cracker, milk, and juice become things I eat, which later evolves into the category food.)
Physical relations
thick/thin, less/more
Theory of mind
understand others around you have thoughts, feelings and perspectives that differ from you.
After 4.0 MLU becomes less reliable as growth in
utterance lengths slows and individual variation increases
Verbs in a child's lexicon changes with development not until a child has acquired approximately 100 words then
verbs learning begins to increase slowly
Event or word knowledge influences
vocabulary acquisition and may be the basis for taxonomic, or word, knowledge.
prototype hypothesis
what is most like my experience of this thing
Functional Core Hypothesis
what something does
Semantic Features Hypothesis
what something looks like
Simultaneity
while/at the same time
What is semantics
word meaning (folks meaning people)
Order
words develop first after/before
Duration
words next since, until