SPLA Exam 3

How many morphemes Fillers, uh, oh

0

How many morphemes ccc c andy

1

How many morphemes Compound word- birthday, cowboy

1 morpheme

How many morphemes Diminutives- daddy, mommy

1 morpheme

How many morphemes Irregular plurals- men, feet, teeth

1 morpheme

How many morphemes Proper names- Dora the Explorer

1 morpheme

How many morphemes Ritualized reduplication- night night

1 morpheme

Toddlers rely on the uses of objects and on routines for comprehension. Two strategies may be used with objects:

1. Do-what-you-usually-do. Balls would be rolled, thrown, dropped, or passed back and forth, no matter what the child heard 2. Act-on-the-object-in-the-way-mentioned. Noting the action, the child would throw the ball whether the caregiver said, "Now, you throw the ball," or "Remember how Johnny throws the ball in the baseball game?" Event knowledge is still important.

Three assumptions we assume toddlers make seem fundamental

1. People use words to refer to entities. 2. Words are extendable. 3. A given word refers to the whole entity, not its parts.

How many morphemes Tom's

2

How many morphemes blocks

2

How many morphemes Recurrence- NO NO No

3 morpheme

Theory of mind develop around

4

Why are sequences in base knowledge good

A child uses this knowledge to form scripts or sets of expectations that aid memory, enhance comprehension, and give the individual child a knowledge base for interpreting events (Words are learned within a social context; their meaning is found in a child's representation of event)

Syntax Imperative

A demand or insistence

Syntax Interrogative

A question

syntax negative

A sentence with no, not or n't

Syntax Declarative

A statement, labe or description of something

Over-extension/over-generalization

Applying a word with too many ideas that don't fit that word ( everything round it is moon)

Morphological Terms

Catenatives Diminutives Tense

What syntax I like that. It's a bird. I want a cookie. My cookie.

Declarative

taxonomic knowledge

Early words are first comprehended and produced in the context of everyday events. From repeated use, the words themselves become cues for the event.

What is event based knowledge

Event-based knowledge consists of sequences of events or routines, such as a birthday party, that are temporal or causal in nature and organized toward a goal. These sequences of events contain actors, roles, props, and options or alternatives. .

Expressive or referential- Bye Bye

Expressive

Social words

Expressive

Fast mapping

Figure out a new after hearing it once

example of moon shines, twinkle hold astronauts what is is

Functional Core Hypothesis

Deixis example

Honey can you go get that. I look and show you what I want and you fallow

What syntax Give me a cookie. Take your shoes off.

Imperative

locational prepositions (spatial relations)

In on to (appear about two years)

what syntax What's going on? What is that? yes or no questions

Interrogative

Substantive words example

Labels of objects or events people (agents) Action

What syntax Can't get it, no night night

Negative

under-extension/under-generalization

Not applying the word to as many ideas as it should fit for the conventional meaning

under-extension/under-generalization or Over-extension/over-generalization Dog could be a cat, tiger, stuffed animal

Over-extension

What kind of information skills do children apply language learning?

Pay attention to the ends of words. Pay attention to the order of words and morphemes. The use of grammatical markers should make semantic sense.

Expressive or referential- Nose, Tommy

Referential

Noun

Referential

Reading experience

Semantic (interrelationship of spelling and meaning) morphological- (internal structure of words affixes (un, dis)and derivation of words (happy, unhappy) mental graph (does this look right)

example of moon yellow, round bumpy what is it

Semantic Features Hypothesis

Functional Core hypothesis makes what

Tree Diagram

Presupposion

What are the argument to persuade someone

Copula example

am is are was were

cognitive skill

being able to think about someone elses thought and ideas

What is Taxonomic Knowledge consists of

categories and classes of words.

holophrase example

cookie- I want a cookie eh oh meaning represents something bad happening

Diminutives example and how many morphemes

doggie, kittie, 1 morpheme

Pragmatic terms

early communication function that apply to word use

Short, simple sentences are________ and they provide a starting point for discovering words, categories of words, and grammatical patterns in the environment.

easier to process,

Preschoolers rely on ________________, while kindergartners use more categorical script-related groupings such as things I eat. By age 7 to 10, children are using ______________, such as food.

event-based knowledge taxonomic categories

What is phonology

form of language sound (Like how you say folks)

Copula is

form of the verb

Front or stopping do for go

front

Catenatives example and how many morphemes

gonna, wanna, gotta, hafta, 1 morpheme

True word is when

have the right meaning have one to one match to specific meaning

Auxiliary verb is

helping verb that cannot stand alone

action example

hit

Lexicon

individual dictionary of each person containing words and the understanding concepts of each. The lexicon is dynamic changing with experience

Tense example and how many morphemes

ing, ed, s counts has 1 without the word

Example of auxiliary verbs

is have, go

Deixis

is language that points to an idea

what is pragmatics

language use for a purpose (okay, folks- gets attention)

Ellipsis

leaving out language that you assume the listener knows from context, familiarity or previous turns in the conversation

under-extension/under-generalization example

man have a bread only really mean have breads moons are only moons when they are circle and not half

longer utterence tend to have

more complex syntax

indirect request

not directly requesting somthing

Lexicon learns more

nouns

Pivot scheme

one word or phrase structures that utterance by determining intent. several words . (throw ball, throw blanket, want up want blanket)

Holophrase

one-word utterence (word) that convey a more complete message (doggy meaning come here)

Temporal relations

order acquires cognitive skills

Agent is

people

object is

people acting

Anaphoric reference

pronouns or it

Bullseye-cup in middle, coffee cup, outside cup for pencils what is this

prototype hypothesis

Which order is better put on sock then will go will go when you put on sock

put on sock then will go backwards throw them of (age 4 should know backwards)

What is morphology

putting word parts that are meaning full together to make words

What is syntax

putting words together to make a sentence

Interrogatives

questions

Substantive words

refer to specific items or classes of items that share certain perceptual or functional features

Child uses three strategies to understand if temporal word unknown

relies on order of mention remember better when the words first it other two do not work child uses real life sequence

______ are easier to process, and they provide a starting point for discovering words, categories of words, and grammatical patterns in the environment

simple sentences

Phonemic and phonological development

sound relationships, putting sounds together to make words

Front-substitution process

sounds made in front of mouth substituted for sounds made in back of mouth

front or stop ting for sing or bat for fat

stopping

stopping

sustitution a stop consonant for another sound

object example

the ball

agent example

the boy

taxonomic knowledge example

the words bath and soap become cues for bathing, while cookie and juice represent snack. (As the child acquires more words, cookie, cracker, milk, and juice become things I eat, which later evolves into the category food.)

Physical relations

thick/thin, less/more

Theory of mind

understand others around you have thoughts, feelings and perspectives that differ from you.

After 4.0 MLU becomes less reliable as growth in

utterance lengths slows and individual variation increases

Verbs in a child's lexicon changes with development not until a child has acquired approximately 100 words then

verbs learning begins to increase slowly

Event or word knowledge influences

vocabulary acquisition and may be the basis for taxonomic, or word, knowledge.

prototype hypothesis

what is most like my experience of this thing

Functional Core Hypothesis

what something does

Semantic Features Hypothesis

what something looks like

Simultaneity

while/at the same time

What is semantics

word meaning (folks meaning people)

Order

words develop first after/before

Duration

words next since, until