sport psychology chap 3 motivation

Competitiveness:

"A disposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons with some standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative others" (Martens, 1986)

2. Identify why people participate in physical activity (PA)

- How will you identify these? - What are the major motive for sport vs. exercise?

Theories of Achievement Motivation

1.Attribution theory 2.Achievement goal theory 3.Competence motivation theory

Achievement motivation:

A person's orientation to strive for task success, persist in the face of failure, and experience pride in accomplishments (Gill, 2000) *interactional view

Participant- or trait-centered view

Function of individual characteristics •"winner"/ "loser"

Situation-centered view

Function of the situation •Competition/training (work/play)

Views of Motivation

Participant- or trait-centered view Situation-centered view Interactional view

Intensity of effort

how much effort an individual puts forth in a situation Too little............................Too much

Achievement motivation =

self-comparison of achievement

What Is Motivation

the direction and intensity of effort.

5. Use behavior change methods, where appropriate

•Encourage/reward desired behaviors

Achievement Goal Theory Keys

•Focus extra attention on task-oriented goals. •Foster mastery or task motivational climates.

4. Understand that you influence motivation as a coach, therapist, trainer, teacher, leader, or teammate...whether you know it or not!

•Mood

Competence motivation theory

•Self-worth and competence affective sates motivation People are motivated to feel worthy or competent. •Feelings of competence and worth, as well as perceptions of control, determine motives.

Attribution theory

•Stability/locus of causality/locus of control How people explain their successes and failures

Achievement goal theory

•Task/ego orientation . Outcome goal orientation (or competitive goal orientation) focuses on comparing performance with that of others and defeating others. . Task goal orientation (or mastery goal orientation) focuses on improving relative to one's own past performances. . Social goal orientation focuses on judging competence in terms of affiliation with the group and recognition of being liked by others.

Five guidelines

-Mood, different methods, opportunities, identify why people participate, situation and trait affect motivation

•Competitiveness =

social evaluation or comparison

Five Guidelines for Building Motivation

1.Understand that both situations and traits motivate people 2. Identify why people participate in physical activity (PA) 3. Change the environment to enhance motivation 4. Understand that you influence motivation as a coach, therapist, trainer, teacher, leader, or teammate...whether you know it or not! 5. Use behavior change methods, where appropriate

Interactional-centered view:

Motivated behavior results from the interaction of participant factors and situational factors

Direction of effort

whether an individual seeks out, approaches, or is attracted to situations

3. Change the environment to enhance motivation

•Multiple opportunities •Intense training and fun •Competitive and recreation choices

1.Understand that both situations and traits motivate people

•Personal and environmental factors affect motivation •Motivated in lectures