Sport Psychology Final
Chelladurai's congruence hypothesis suggests A. The members' characteristics and the leader's characteristics are important drivers of athlete outcomes. B. The level of overlap between what a coach does and what the athletes want their coach to do is an important driver of athlete outcomes C. How athletes want to be treated is an important driver of athlete outcomes D. What the coach does is an important driver of athlete outcomes
The level of overlap between what a coach does and what the athletes want their coach to do is an important driver of athlete outcomes
Which of the following scenarios depicts intellectual stimulation? A. Jane empowers her team. For the most part, she allows them to work autonomously and only intervenes when there is a problem. B. Whenever John's team is beginning a new project he holds brainstorming sessions, and encourages them to propose new, creative ideas for completing the project. C. Mario's team knows he will always be the first one to volunteer for an unpleasant assignment or task. D. Betina knows her team well, and assigns work based on their different skills and experience levels.
Whenever John's team is beginning a new project he holds brainstorming sessions, and encourages them to propose new, creative ideas for completing the project.
According to the experimental evidence, which of these is true? A. Imagery is effective in improving the learning and performance of motor skills. B. Tasks involving mostly cognitive components demonstrate the greatest positive benefits. C. Imagery helps individuals only in learning a new skill; it does not help performance once the skill is well learned. D. a and b E. b and c
a and b
Multidimensional anxiety theory predicts A. a negative relationship between cognitive anxiety and performance B. an inverted-U relationship between somatic anxiety and performance C. an inverted-U relationship between cognitive anxiety and performance D. a and c E. a and b
a and b
Research investigating self-determination theory and burnout has found that A. higher levels of competence, autonomy, and relatedness were related to lower levels of burnout B. self-determined forms of motivation were related to lower levels of burnout C. higher levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy were related to lower levels of burnout D. a and b E. a and c
a and b
When you see things as if for the first time, you are showing which attitude of mindfulness? A. non-striving B. letting go C. Non-judging D. beginner's mind E. patience F. acceptance G. trust
beginner's mind
Which example best illustrates cognitive defusion? A. I know that I am a better runner than my performance today indicates. B. Pay close attention to the breath - what does your nostril feel like as you breathe in? C. Stop - don't think that. Instead, try to think more positively. D. Instead of being in the middle of my turbulent thoughts, I can be like an airplane gliding above the turbulence.
Instead of being in the middle of my turbulent thoughts, I can be like an airplane gliding above the turbulence.
Which teambuilding strategy category does this example best illustrate? "Ask the seniors on the team to help the first years." A. Interaction and communication B. Group norms C. Individual sacrifices D. Individual positions E. Distinctiveness
Individual sacrifices
Which teambuilding strategy category does this example best illustrate? "Establish a team group chat." A. Individual positions B. Individual sacrifices C. Interaction and communication D. Group norms E. Distinctiveness
Interaction and communication
The goal, "My goal is to negative split the marathon (run the second half faster than the first half)." is an example of which type of goal? A. Outcome B. Process C. Performance
Process
John uses steroids and is unable to control his aggression towards his friends. He is most likely suffering from: A. Roid rage B. alcoholism C. Dependency D. Superman Complex E. aggression
Roid rage
Match the specific situations with the type of sport psychology professional that would be the most appropriate for these individuals to work with. A coach wants to help improve the cohesion on her team. A. clinical sport psychologist B. educational sport psychologist C. experimental sport psychologist
educational sport psychologist
Match the specific situations with the type of sport psychology professional that would be the most appropriate for these individuals to work with. Although Jean is having a strong season so far, she wants to use imagery and relaxation techniques to enhance her performance A. educational sport psychologist B. clinical sport psychologist C. experimental sport psychologist
educational sport psychologist
"Arguing with officials is a way of keeping them on their toes." This quote is an example of which type of moral disengagement? A. euphamistic labeling B. advantageous comparison C. diffusion/displacement of responsibility D. attribution of blame E. dehumanization F. moral justification/conduct reconstrual G. distortion of consequences
euphemistic labeling
What is one of the disadvantages of sport psychology consultants conducting mental training programs with teams? A. their lacking knowledge of the sport B. lack of day to day availability C. their inability to relate to athletes D. all of the above
lack of day to day availability
Focusing on performance (as opposed to outcome) goals during competition has been shown to be associated with _____ anxiety and _____ performance. A. more; poorer B. less; superior C. more; superior D. less; poorer E. none of these
less; superior
When you are able to detach and become a neutral observer of oyur thoughts, you are showing which attitude of mindfulness? A. trust B. patience C. acceptance D. beginner's mind E. non-striving F. Non-judging G. letting go
letting go
When imagery helps athletes optimize arousal, attention, and confidence, it is hypothesized to have occurred through the: A. mental set explanation B. mental readiness/attention arousal set explanation C. bioinformational explanation D. functional equivalence explanation
mental readiness/attention arousal set explanation
For best results, goals should be A. moderately difficult B. very easy C. easy D. very difficult
moderately difficult
Which function of imagery does practicing arousal regulation represent? A. cognitive -general B. motivational - general C. cognitive - specific D. motivational - specific
motivational - general
What is the appropriate attentional focus as I begin imaging my executing a handstand a few moments before I actually do the handstand? A. broad internal B. narrow external C. broad external D. narrow internal
narrow internal
The most important determinant of the effects of youth sport participation lies in: A. the relationship between coach and athlete B. the external rewards to be gained C. improved fitness and health D. friends to be made
the relationship between coach and athlete
"I flush that negative thought away." is an example of which self-talk method? A. affirmation statement B. counter C. reframe D. thought stoppage
thought stoppage
According to one of the contemporary anxiety theories, continued physiological arousal will, up to a _________, lead to positive effects on performance. However, continued increases in physiological arousal could result in a ___________. A. point, failure B. success, win C. threshold, catastrophe D. all of the above
threshold, catastrophe
The most effective use of "reward power" is A. to strengthen skills an athlete is just beginning to master B. to give attention to particular athletes that the coach feels has the most potential C. show the coaches influence over the team D. reinforce everything an athlete does correctly
to strengthen skills an athlete is just beginning to master
Empathy is: A. being upset at others B. anger about a situation C. trying to understand what someone else is experiencing D. sympathy towards a situation
trying to understand what someone else is experiencing
Which teambuilding strategy category does this example best illustrate? "Design a group t-shirt for all participants." A. Distinctiveness B. Individual positions C. Group norms D. Individual sacrifices E. Interaction and communication
Distinctiveness
_______ theory or hypothesis states that increases in drive or arousal are associated with linear increases in performance providing that a task is well learned: A. Drive Theory B. ZOF C. Arousal Theory D. Inverted-U Hypothesis
Drive Theory
Dara notices that her employee Joe has seemed down lately and is having trouble completing assignments on time. Dara knows that he recently lost a close family member. She thinks about how he must be feeling right now. What element of emotional intelligence is Dara using? A. Self-regulation B. Empathy C. Self-awareness D. Character development
Empathy
"I exercise because my parents will take away my allowance if I don't" illustrates which type of motivation/regulation? A. External B. Intrinsic C. Introjected D. Identified E. Amotivation
External
A lot of opportunities existed in the 1990s for full-time consulting opportunities in sport psychology, making full-time performance enhancement consulting a viable career field. A. True B. False
False
A negative reinforcer has the effect of decreasing the probability of repeating the behavior that preceded it. A. True B. False
False
Extrinsic motivation always undermines intrinsic motivation. A. True B. False
False
Punishment is never necessary. A. True B. False
False
The coach's expectations formed on initial judgment are mostly accurate. A. True B. False
False
It is beneficial to have young, low-expectancy athletes participate in non-sport tasks during practice because they should have a sense of belonging and success in other areas to compensate for their lack of success in sport drills. A. True B. False
Falses
Kamphoff, Araki, and Gill (2004) surveyed the Association for Applied Sport Psychology conference programs and found little attention to multicultural issues in general. The few abstracts that did address diversity focused on which of the following: A. Sexual orientation B. Social class C. Race/ethnicity D. Gender differences
Gender differences
Which teambuilding strategy category does this example best illustrate? "Encourage athletes to establish standards of conduct for attending classes. " A. Group norms B. Individual sacrifices C. Individual positions D. Distinctiveness E. Interaction and communication
Group norms
Operant conditioning deals with all of the following EXCEPT: A. punishment B. antecedents C. Pavlov conditioning D. positive reinforcement E. operant conditioning
Pavlov conditioning
Feeling what can only be described as a highest emotional high is most likely an example of A. Clutch B. Peak experience C. Peak performance D. Flow
Peak experience
Acosta and Carpenter report that before Title IX was passed in 1972, over 90% of women's athletic teams at the college level were coached by a woman and had a woman athletic director. What is the approximate percentage of women coaches who coach female athletes in collegiate athletics today? A. 90% B. 50 to 60% C. 40 to 45% D. 20 to 30%
40 to 45%
Making the game-winning shot while forcing yourself to focus and ignore the crowd is most likely an example of A. Peak experience B. Peak performance C. Flow D. Clutch
Clutch
Coaching behaviors are measured by Smoll and Smith's: A. Coaching Behavior Assessment System B. Instructor Functional Analysis C. Coaching Evaluative Questionnaire D. Multidimensional Behavior Analysis
Coaching Behavior Assessment System
Considered the grandfather of sport psychology in North America, this former University of Illinois professor wrote two books, Psychology of Coaching (1926) and Psychology of Athletes (1928): A. Bruce Ogilvie B. Ferruccio Antonelli C. John Watson D. Coleman Griffith
Coleman Griffith
According to Bass, which behavior would be considered transactional? A. Contingent rewards B. Idealized influence C. Intellectual stimulation D. Individualized consideration
Contingent rewards
According to research investigating the stress and injury model, who is least likely to incur an athletic injury? A. John who has low social support B. Harry who has high daily hassles C. Dick who is high on sensation seeking D. David who has high life event stress E. all are at risk of injury
Dick who is high on sensation seeking
Which teambuilding strategy category does this example best illustrate? "Divide the swimming pool into lanes for freestyler, sprinters, stroke groups." A. Individual positions B. Individual sacrifices C. Distinctiveness D. Group norms E. Interaction and communication
Individual positions
Elevated fatigue and performance decrements in athletes that they can recover from is known as A. Overtraining syndrome B. Overreaching C. Burnout D. Exhaustion
Overreaching
A Pygmalion-prone coach tends to give low-expectancy athletes less frequent reinforcement and less appropriate and beneficial feedback after successful performance. A. True B. False
True
A primary goal of the 1970's was to gain acceptance for the field of sport psychology by advancing the knowledge base through experimental research. A. True B. False
True
A recommended behavior for coaches is to design instructional activities or drills that provide all athletes with an opportunity to improve their skill. A. True B. False
True
An ego avoidance perspective on achievement has been linked to greater fear of failure and the belief that sport ability is fixed or unchangeable. A. True B. False
True
In youth sports it is better to have task-involving than ego-involving parents. A. True B. False
True
The academic job market in sport psychology showed considerable growth throughout the 1990s. A. True B. False
True
The pioneering efforts of Coreman Griffith and Dorothy Yates failed to foster any followers so no recognizable sport psychology discipline emerged in the 1930s and 1940s. A. True B. False
True
All are examples of distorted thinking EXCEPT for: A. demanding that you always perform at your best B. expecting the worst in unknown situations C. blaming your missed shot for the team's loss D. accepting that others may treat you unfairly
accepting that others may treat you unfairly
This is when athletes maintain sport involvement because of passion and intrinsic motivation. A. Maladaptive commitment B. Passion C. Adaptive commitment D. Sport entrapment
adaptive commitment
"If a player retaliates to something an opponent has done, it is the opponent's fault" This quote is an example of which type of moral disengagement? A. moral justification/conduct reconstrual B. attribution of blame C. dehumanization D. distortion of consequences E. advantageous comparison F. euphamistic labeling G. diffusion/displacement of responsibility
advantageous comparison
"I am a smart player and consistently get in the right position." is an example of which self-talk method? A. thought stoppage B. affirmation statement C. reframe D. counter
affirmation statement
Which of the below, if any, are NOT target behaviors that a CET workshop would like to increase: A. technical instruction B. corrective instruction C. mistake contingent encouragement D. reinforcement E. all are desired target behaviors
all are desired target behaviors
A factor(s) that influence the way messages are received: A. selective attention B. perceptual filtering C. psychological expectancies D. all of the above E. both a and b
all of the above
A potential barrier(s) to effective communication: A. perceptual filters B. psychological expectancies C. selective attention D. all of the above E. both a and c
all of the above
According to Locke and Lathan, goals influence performance by: A. directing attention and action B. mobilizing effort C. increasing persistence D. all of the above
all of the above
Achievement goal theory states: A. difference in goal perspectives are critical antecedents to variations in motivation and behavior B. motivated athletes rate their perceived competence towards a goal based on their achievement goal perspective C. two central achievement goal perspectives are task and ego D. all of the above
all of the above
In awareness training, athletes should be encouraged to become aware of A. their ideal performance state B. routine behaviors used to achieve an ideal performance state C. the need to do something to gain control D. all of the above
all of the above
John is a very successful athlete and Dick rarely succeeds. John is more likely to: A. view anxiety as beneficial B. set performance goals C. have higher self-confidence D. b and c E. all of the above
all of the above
Principles for good coach communication include: A. inspiring athletes B. imparting knowledge C. reinforcing behavior D. clarifying responsibilities E. all of the above
all of the above
State anxiety is: A. more specific than trait anixety B. how someone feels "right now" C. a fluctuating anxiety D. all of the above
all of the above
The negative impact of burnout includes A. Decreased motivation B. Dropout C. Performance decrements D. All of the above
all of the above
What factors outside the psychological realm that influence performance should sport psychology consultants first understand? A. physiological conditioning B. biomechanics C. equipment D. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following factors influence the stress response, which in turn influences the probability of injury? A. coping resources B. personality C. history of stressors D. all of the above E. a and b
all of the above
Which of the following strategies reduce the novelty effect on performance? A. dress rehearsal B. simulated competition experience C. mental rehearsal D. all of the above
all of the above
Why would a professional athlete turn to banned drugs? A. too much stress and anxiety B. low self-confidence C. inadequate performance D. all of the above
all of the above
Which of these statements is true? A. Elite athletes generally interpret their anxiety as more facilitating than non-elite athletes. B. A mix of positive emotions appears to enhance performance. C. Both personal and situational factors may influence anxiety interpretation. D. all of these E. a and b
all of these
Psychological skills training is appropriate for: A. higher skilled athletes B. older, more mature athletes who are better able to understand it C. athletes of all ages and skill levels D. both a and b
athletes of all ages and skill levels
All of the following are psychological rehabilitation strategies that Williams and Scherzer recommend teaching to injured athletes EXCEPT for: A. goal setting B. relaxation C. imagery D. attentional focusing E. cognitive restructuring
attentional focusing
Which of the following is NOT a cognitive technique for improving performance? A. affirmation statements B. thought stopping C. autogenic statements D. countering
autogenic statements
Characteristics associated with peak experiences in sport: A. absence of fear B. control over emotions C. broad attentional focus D. all of the above E. both a and b
both a and b
When there is not adequate time or commitment for a comprehensive training program it is better to? A. emphasize a few skills B. prioritize objectives C. superficially work on all skills needed D. both a and b
both a and b
Which of the following is an accurate statement about diversity in sport and athletics? A. Women are under-represented (less than population %) in coaching and athletic administration B. Racial/ethnic minorities are under-represented (less than population %) in coaching and athletic administration C. Both a and b D. Neither a nor b
both a and b
According to cognitive appraisal models, an athlete's behavioral response to injury is a result of: A. personal and situational factors influencing cognitive appraisal B. cognitive appraisal influencing personal and situational factors C. cognitive appraisal influencing emotional reactions D. both a and c E. both b and c
both a and c
According to the expectation-performance process, when a coach does not believe a given athlete has the athletic competencies to be successful, the coach will: A. establish a lower standard of performance B. require more practice drill time C. be less persistent in helping the player learn a skill D. all of the above E. both a and c
both a and c
A quarterback needs to shift his attentional focus from surveying the field for receivers to delivery of a pass. This shift would be from A. broad external to broad internal B. broad external to narrow external C. broad external to narrow internal D. narrow external to broad external E. none of the above
broad external to narrow external
You are ______ within a performance situation when your body weight is distributed about your center of mass in a way that feels comfortable: A. centered B. locked C. internalized D. grounded
centered
Mindfulness helps with stress by A. Changing how you react to it B. Distracting you until the stress passes C. Making your body resistant to stress hormones
changing how you react to it
What two approaches do sport psychologists often use when working with athletes? A. educational and psychological B. clinical and psychological C. clinical and educational D. research and psychological
clinical and educational
Match the specific situations with the type of sport psychology professional that would be the most appropriate for these individuals to work with. Marcia is experiencing extreme amounts of anxiety before competitions A. educational sport psychologist B. experimental sport psychologist C. clinical sport psychologist
clinical sport psychologist
The mediational model of coach-athlete interaction is sequenced as follows: A. coaches' behaviors, coach-athlete interactions, athletes' evaluative reactions B. athletes' perceptions and recall, coach-athlete interactions, coaches' behaviors C. coaches' behaviors, athletes evaluative reactions, athletes' perceptions and recall D. coaches' behaviors, athletes' perceptions and recall, athletes' evaluative reactions
coaches' behaviors, athletes' perceptions and recall, athletes' evaluative reactions
Feedback motivates in the following ways EXCEPT: A. corrects misconceptions B. confuses athletes when feedback is inconsistent and/or infrequent C. creates internal consequences by stimulating athletes to experience positive/negative feelings about themselves D. results in increase self-efficacy
confuses athletes when feedback is inconsistent and/or infrequent
An athlete tries to image shooting free throws under pressure, but the ball keeps hitting the rim and bouncing off. This is an example of lack of: A. controllability B. coordination C. relaxation D. vividness E. awareness
controllability
Cross et al.'s continuum of cultural competence ranges from: A. cultural destructiveness to cultural proficiency B. cultural destructiveness to cultural blindness C. cultural blindness to cultural proficiency D. cultural blindness to cultural pre-competence
cultural destructiveness to cultural proficiency
Proper breathing comes from the: A. lower chest B. total chest C. abdomen D. diaphragm
diaphragm
"A team decision to use unsportsmanlike tactics is just that, and not the responsibility of any individual on the team." This quote is an example of which type of moral disengagement? A. diffusion/displacement of responsibility B. moral justification/conduct reconstrual C. euphamistic labeling D. distortion of consequences E. attribution of blame F. advantageous comparison G. dehumanization
diffusion/displacement of responsibility
Match the specific situations with the type of sport psychology professional that would be the most appropriate for these individuals to work with. Marcus wants a summer job researching what factors make coaches effective leaders. A. experimental sport psychologist B. clinical sport psychologist C. educational sport psychologist
experimental sport psychologist
What sets the transformational leader apart from many other leadership styles is their ability to influence others to follow them through all of the following, EXCEPT _____. A. vision B. framing C. extrinsic rewards D. impression management
extrinsic rewards
When injured athletes feel worthless it is sometimes because coaches believe the best way to foster a rapid recovery from injury is to make injured athletes A. take time off for minor injuries B. feel humiliated by older players C. learn to give up easily D. feel unimportant
feel unimportant
When teaching mental skills to a group of athletes, the best approach is to be? A. flexible and individualized B. individualized C. flexible D. none of the above
flexible and individualized
A skill that teaches performers to hold their attention on a predetermined task, and if their attention wanders, to gently bring their attention back is known as: A. dress rehearsal B. focus training C. none of the above D. focus rehearsal
focus training
All of the following occurred during the 1980's era in sport psychology EXCEPT for: A. formation of Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology (AASP) B. formation of International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP) C. increased use of sport psychology within USOC D. formation of American Psychological Association (APA) Division 47
formation of International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP)
A person's judgment of their competence and how they perceive success reflects their A. goal perspective/goal orientation B. self-confidence C. motivational climate D. introjected regulation
goal perspective/goal orientation
A Pygmalion-prone coach will do all of the following EXCEPT: A. have flexible pre-season expectations B. believe that people's traits and abilities are fixed C. hold stereotypic beliefs D. believe that success comes from having good athletes, not improvements
have flexible pre-season expectations
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic necessary for success at the highest level in sport? A. having good task focus B. having good self-control C. having high commitment D. having no anxiety
having no anxiety
A person who images playing a musical instrument from the perspective of being inside his own body has an: A. internal imagery perspective B. integrated imagery perspective C. external imagery perspective D. both a and b
internal imagery perspective
An individual who participates in sport for its own sake is: A. intrinsically motivated B. using introjected regulation C. externally motived D. amotivated
intrinsically motivated
The ABC cognitive restructuring technique, based on the work of Albert Ellis, suggests that: A. irrational thoughts should be stopped B. one modifies the internal dialogue for stress inoculation C. rational thoughts should be balanced with irrational thoughts D. irrational thoughts should be changed to rational/productive thoughts
irrational thoughts should be changed to rational/productive thoughts
To gain awareness athletes must totally focus their attention: A. on the task B. on the outcome C. on mistakes D. on success
on the task
Which statement(s) is/are true regarding the psychological construct of flow? A. one can be in a flow state and not be having a peak performance B. a disparity may exist between challenge and skill C. activity can be unpleasant D. goals are often ambiguous E. all statements are true
one can be in a flow state and not be having a peak
According to mindfulness approaches, thoughts and feelings are _________________________. A. meant to be controlled B. supposed to be stopped C. only temporary D. supposed to be positive and present-oriented
only temporary
When used in isolation, which type of goal would be the least effective? A. process goals B. performance goals C. outcome goals
outcome goals
Performance decrements and exhaustion that fail to improve even when rest or reduced training is practiced is known as: A. Overtraining syndrome B. Exhaustion C. Overreaching D. Burnout
overtraining syndrome
When you let things unfold in their own time-frame, you are showing which attitude of mindfulness? A. Non-judging B. letting go C. trust D. non-striving E. patience F. beginner's mind G. acceptance
patience
The self-enhancement model of self-esteem proposed that: A. people who are low in self-esteem are particularly responsive to variations in supportiveness from others B. people who are high in self-esteem are particularly responsive to variations in supportiveness from others C. self-esteem is based on positive feedback D. self-esteem is independent from positive/negative feedback
people who are low in self-esteem are particularly responsive to variations in supportiveness from others
In the equation B=f(P,E), what two factors influence behavior?
personal and environmental
Awareness training is LEAST important in which of the following: A. managing stress B. playing the edge of peak performance C. planning game strategies D. physical skills development
planning game strategies
The probable reason that 37 runners broke the four-minute mile barrier within one year after Roger Bannister originally did was their: A. enhanced training methods B. better equipment C. faster tracks D. positive expectation, i.e., belief that it could be done E. all of the above
positive expectation, i.e., belief that it could be done
"On today's test, I will focus on each question one at a time." This is an example of a(an): A. process goal B. outcome goal C. product goal D. extrinsic goal
process goal
Coach responses to immediately preceding athlete or team behaviors are called: A. organization B. spontaneous behaviors C. emitted behaviors D. reactive behaviors
reactive behaviors
Being _________ is a commitment during which the athlete takes a centered breath and focuses on the plan. A. ready B. responsible C. regrouped D. refocused
ready
Which of the following is not a use of imagery? A. control emotional responses B. improving concentration C. cope with pain and injury D. building confidence E. reduce the amount of physical practice time
reduce the amount of physical practice time
An effect of stimulants on performance enhancement is A. reduced pain B. reduced fatigue C. steadier nerves D. improved decision making E. increased strength
reduced fatigue
An athlete can check back into a plan by ______ when they are in the present moment. A. reflecting B. refocusing C. responding D. recognizing
refocusing
Which of the following is NOT a way to assess self-talk? A. retrospection B. imagery C. log books or journals D. reframing
reframing
What are two internal dimensions of attention coined by Nideffer? A. perform and assess B. assess and rehearse C. rehearse and analyze D. analyze and perform
rehearse and analyze
In "The R's" diagram this is at the center of the circle. A. respond B. ready C. responsibility D. release
responsibility
Which aspect of emotional intelligence relates to your ability to recognize your own emotions, abilities, and motives in various situations? A. Empathy B. Self-regulation C. Self-awareness D. Social skills
self-awareness
Which of the following, if any, is not a factor for an athlete's predisposition to injury? A. higher life stress B. significant decrease in performance C. minimal social support D. personality traits that enhance the stress response E. all of the above predispose an athlete to injury
significant decrease in performance
Negative and detached attitude towards sport is known as A. Sport devaluation B. Physical exhaustion C. Emotional exhaustion D. Reduced sense of accomplishment
sport devaluation
Bioinformational theory states that mental image is an organized set of characteristics stored in the brain's long term memory. The characteristics which activate the content of the imgage are: A. stimulus characteristics B. response characteristics C. contextual chatacteristics D. operant chatachterisitcs
stimulus characteristics
Jane tunes out quickly once she thinks she knows the intent of what the speaker is saying. This is: A. active listening B. real listening C. superficial or inattentive listening D. arrogant listening
superficial or inattentive listening
