Sports Injury Management SG

Deep Ex) the femur is deep to the skin.

Away from the body surface.

Aerobic or anaerobic

Cardiorespiratory exercise can be ? or ? depending upon the energy system being utilized?

Shear force

Causes one part of the object to slide against, displace or shear with another part of the object

Proximal Ex) the shoulder is proximal to the elbow

Closest to a reference point.

misfeasance

During an afternoon football practice on a hot, humid day in August, a coach delayed a scheduled water break until the team performed a particular drill in an acceptable manner. The water break was only 15 minutes later than the scheduled time. During the water break, one of the athletes collapsed with signs of heat stroke. What type of legal liability could result from the coach's actions? delaying the water break was an acceptable action; there is no liability issue malfeasance misfeasance gross negligence

Distal Ex) the wrist is distal to the elbow

Farthest from a reference point.

Puncture Wound

Formed when a sharp object, such as a shoe spike or nail, penetrates the skin and underlying tissues with tensile loading

Team physician

Is the final authority to determine the mental and physical fitness of athletes in organized programs. Should administer and review preseason physical examinations; preseason conditioning programs.

requires an individual to use the knowledge, skills, and abilities that conform to the standard of care for their particular specialization

Standard of care: requires an individual to use the knowledge, skills, and abilities that conform to the standard of care for their particular specialization refers to the ethical responsibilities that guide an individual's actions and promote standards of conduct is a legal obligation to protect individuals under one's care from unreasonable risks that could be harmful is the permission granted by the government for an individual to practice a professionrequires an individual to use the knowledge, skills, and abilities that conform to the standard of care for their particular specialization

requiring coaches to purchase insurance

The risk of litigation can be reduced by all of the following except: establishing clear standing orders for providing immediate care requiring coaches to purchase insurance having a well-organized emergency plan providing proper supervision

Inflammatory Phase (0-6 days) The Proliferative Phase (3-21 days) The Maturation phase (3 weeks-1 yr)

Three Phases of the healing process?

True

True or False? It is imperative that the coach has an understanding of legal issues pertaining to injury care and management.

True

True or False? No single profession can provide the expertise to carryout this enormous responsibility.

The team approach to the delivery of healthcare

Allows for a comprehensive prevention, assessment, and management of an injury or illness, as it taps the expertise of the individual specialist working in conjunction with one another and the patient.

Vasodilation

An increase in blood flow

all of the above must by present

An individual can be found negligent if: there was a duty of care there was a breach of duty of care there was harm that was directly caused by breach of duty of care any of the above are present all of the above must by present

Spasm

An involuntary contraction of short duration caused by reflex action that can be biochemically derived or initiated by a mechanical blow to a nerve or muscle.

Benefits of having team approach

By having healthcare professional from different disciplines work collaboratively, a venue is in place for addressing an injury from different perspectives.

Visceral pain

Defuse or referred rather than localized to the problem site, originates from the internal organs.

Good Samaritan laws

Developed to encourage bystanders to assist others in need of emergency care by granting them immunity from potential litigation.

Ballistic or static

Flexibility can be increased through ? or ? stretching techniques.

Axial force

Force acting along the long axis of a structure. Ex) body weight creates axial loads

E. answers A & B only

In order to ensure appropriate healthcare to participants, a coach should be certified: A. in emergency cardiac care B. in emergency first aid C. as an athletic trainer D. all of the above E. answers A & B only

What does HIPAA do?

Includes laws that are intended to protect the privacy of patients.

Myositis

Inflammation of the muscle

Identifying the history of the injury

Most important step in injury assessment?

Abduction

Movement along the frontal plane whereby the limb moved away from the midline of the body. Ex) raising the arm

Adduction Ex.) Lowering a raised arm to the side of the body

Movement along the frontal plane whereby the limb moves towards the midline of the body.

Flexion

Movement along the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of the joint. Ex) bending the knee

Static stretching

Movement is slow and deliberate

60 to 100 bpm

Normal heart rate for adults?

Referred pain

Perceived at a location remote from the side of the tissues actually causing the pain.

Bilateral Ex) the ears are bilateral to the skull body.

Pertaining to both sides of the outer body.

Professional standard of care

Requires an individual to use the knowledge, skills, and abilities that conform to the standard of care for their particular specialization.

Aerobic exercise

Requires oxygen to produce energy

Supination

Rotating of the forearm side to side. Ex) you can hold a cup of tea in your hand

Pronation

Rotating the forearm up-and-down Ex) Palm laying down on the table

SAID Principle

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands

SAID principle states

That the body responds to a given demand with a specific and predictable adaptation.

Athletic training

The absence of an athletic trainer, it is essential that the coach understand the responsibilities of the athletic trainer to ensure that the coach acts in their appropriate duty a care intending to an injured participant.

Laxity

The amount of "give" within a joint supportive tissue is termed

Primary Survey

To identify and initiate management of any life threatening conditions.

Team approach to the delivery of healthcare

Will be presented with reference to the responsibilities of the coach, team physician, primary care physician, in the participant.

Expressed warranty

Written guarantee that the product is safe for use.

Somatic pain

Originates in the skin as well as internal structures in the musculoskeletal system.

Preparticipation Examination

Performed by a licensed physician as a requirement for participation in sports team or in the physical fitness program can be an effective strategy for ensuring an individualhealth and safety as it pertains to their participation in physical activity or sport.

Overload

Physiological improvements occur when an individual physically demands more of the body than is normally required.

Tendinitis

Inflammation of the tendons

Active range of motion

Is performed voluntarily by the individual

Exudate

A plasma-like fluid that exudes out of tissues or its capillaries and is composed of protein and granular leukocytes (white blood cells).

Avulsion

A severe laceration that results in complete separation of the skin from the underlying tissues.

Laceration

An irregular tear in the skin that typically results from a combination of tension and shear. Edges are often jagged, leading to significant bleeding.

Sign

An objective, measurable physical findings regarding an individual's condition.

Battery

Any unfermented or intentional contact with another individual without their consent.

Influenced by an interaction of frequency, duration, and intensity.

How to maintain and improve cardiovascular endurance?

24 hours

Immobilization can lead to loss of muscle strength within:

Informed consent

Implies that an injured party has been reasonably informed of the needed treatment for the services that a coach may need to perform, possible alternative treatments, and advantages and disadvantages of each course of action.

Tenosynovitis

Inflammation of the tendon sheath

Implied warranty

Manufacturers have a duty of care to design, manufacture, in package equipments that will not cause injury to an individual when used as intended.

20 to 25 breaths per minute

Normal respiration for children?

Malfeasance (Commission)

Occurs when an individual commits an act that is not their responsibility to perform.

Misfeasance

Occurs when an individual commits an act that is their legal responsibility to perform, but uses the wrong procedure or performs the correct procedure in an improper manner.

Nonfeasance (Omission)

Occurs when an individual fails to perform a legal duty of care.

Tensile force

Pulling force that stretches the object to which is it applied.

Anaerobic exercise

Short, intense bursts of activity that last for less than several minutes.

History

Subjective information is gained through what part of the HOPS process?

Superficial Ex) the skin is superficial to the muscles

Towards or at the body surface.

Medial Ex) the little finger is medial to the thumb

Towards or at the midline of the body.

Posterior Ex) the buttock muscles lie posterior to the pelvis.

Towards the back of the body.

Anterior Ex) the quadriceps muscles lie anterior to the femur.

Towards the front of the body.

Superior Ex) the heart is superior to the abdomen.

Towards the head or cranium.

Leukocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) ingest the cellular debris; in doing so, prepares the area for repair.

What is phagocytosis?

Cardiorespiratory endurance

Refers to the ability to sustain prolonged exercise.

Frequency

Refers to the number of exercise sessions per day or week.

Rotation

Turning a bone around on its axis

Who? What? When? Where? How?

What are the questions for mechanisms of injury?

It has meaning!

What is an important fact about pain?

developing and implementing appropriate conditioning programs

Which of the following tasks is the duty of the coach relative to injury prevention? developing and implementing appropriate conditioning programs administering basic first aid developing appropriate treatment programs diagnosing an acute injury taping the athletes before practice

False

True or False? Following an injury, the coach is responsible for the implementation of treatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioning programs as developed in consultation with a physician.

is to stop the blood loss from the wound area.

What is the significance of the activation of the coagulation cascade in the first phase of the healing process?

Lateral Ex) The thumb is lateral to the little finger

Away from the midline of the body.

Compressive force

Axial loading that produces a squeezing or crushing effect.

Exculpatory waiver

Based on the individuals assumption of risk and is a release signed by the individual or parent of the individual under the age of 18 that releases the physician from liability of negligence.

A. review preseason conditioning programs

In an athletic program, the team physician should: A. review preseason conditioning programs B. administer preseason conditioning programs C. design preseason conditioning programs D. none of the above E. answers A & C only

Disposition

Information gathered during the assessment must be analyzed and decisions made based on the best interests of the injured individual.

Elevation

Lifting a body parts superiorly. Ex) shrugging your shoulders

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Lifting the foot towards the shin is dorsiflexion. Depressing the foot away from the skin is called plantar flexion.

Circumduction

Limb moves in a circle

all of the above

The duties of the certified athletic trainer include which of the following: injury prevention injury rehabilitation​ injury assessment acute care of injury all of the above

supervising physician

The final authority to clear an athlete for participation rests with the: athletic trainer coach supervising physician parent of the athlete

The board of certification for athletic trainer

The professional organization responsible for about the certification of athletic trainers and defining the major performance domains of the athletic trainer.

Inferior Ex) the pelvic cavity is in inferior to the thoracic cavity.

Towards the lower part of the body.

Ballistic stretching

Uses repetitive bouncing motions at the end of the available ROM.

Chronic injury

When repeated or chronic loading over time produces an injury.

Weight bearing

When the individual has successfully completed active and resisted motion.

Prevention

Encompasses a broad spectrum of knowledge and skills that address the risks associated with participation in sports and physical activities.

Duty of care

Encompasses a variety of responsibilities, such as teaching proper and appropriate techniques for any age group, providing appropriate supervision of activities, providing quality safety equipment, insuring a safe participation environment and taking proper actions when injuries sustained.

-there was a duty of care owed to the injured person by the person responsible for the injury. -there was a breach of that duty. -there was harm. -the resulting harm was a direct cause of the breach of duty

Four elements of negligence:

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Legal considerations

It is essential that coaches, physical educators, and other specialists responsible for the medical well-being of their players protect themselves with regard to liability, a legal responsibility for one's acts.

committing an act that is not your responsibility to perform

Malfeasance is defined as: committing an act that is not your responsibility to perform committing an act that another minimally competent professional would do in the same circumstance committing an act that is your responsibility to perform, but you use the wrong procedure failing to perform your legal duty of care

Protraction

Pushing your jaw out

False

True or False? If an individual signs an assumption of risk form, the coach/ fitness specialist is no longer liable for any injuries that may occur to that individual.

True

True or False? It is a responsibility of the coach to evaluate the status of participants prior to permitting them to engage in activity.

False

True or False? Negligence can occur as a result of commission, but not as a result of omission.

Identify five local factors (not systemic) that can delay the healing of a soft tissue injury.

1) Extent (size) of the injury 2) Extent (amount) of hemorrhage and edema 3) Muscle spasm 4) Inflammation 5) Infection

Assumption of risk

Coaches should inform potential participants of the risks for injury during sport and physical activity participation.

True

True or False? A conscious and medically competent individual has the right to refuse treatment.

False

True or False? Risk management is the sole responsibility of the coach.

Prevents pooling of the blood in the extremities.

What does elevation of an injured side due for the injury?

Direct pressure

What is the best method of controlling bleeding?

Anatomic position

The body is erect, facing forward, with the arms at the side of the body, palms facing forward.

Acute injury

When a single force produces an injury.

negligence

During a weight training session, the coach left the room to work with some players in the gymnasium. While the coach was out of the room, an athlete sustained an injury using the equipment. The coach is at risk for: failure to warn negligence lack of product liability forseeability of harm

History Observation Palpation Special Tests

HOPS

120 to 140 bpm

Normal heart rate for children?

10 to 20 breaths per minute

Normal respiration for adults?

Resisted range of motion

When an individual is able to perform the full and pain-free motion, the coach may want to resist range of motion to detect muscle strength.

Cramp

A painful involuntary contraction that may be clonic, with alternating contraction and relaxation.

To identify the type and extent of an injury, and the immediate disposition of the condition.

Purpose of a secondary survey?

athletic director

The team approach to the delivery of health care to athletes includes all of the following individuals except the: team physician primary care physician athletic trainer coach athletic director

Sports medicine

A broad and complex branch of healthcare, encompassing several disciplines.

Incisions

Caused by a sharp, cutting object, such as broken glass.

Retraction

Letting your jaw return to normal position

Symptoms

What is information provided by the individual regarding their perception of the problem?

Dependent on the specific age group

What is the focus of the PPE?

Extension

Movement along the sagittal plane that increases the angle of the joint. Ex) straightening a flexed knee

Can protect the participant from accidental or routine injuries associated with a particular sport or physical activity.

Purpose of protective equipment?

False

True or False? Good Samaritan Laws protect the employees of a fitness facility who render improper care to a client.

Passive range of motion

When an injured individual is unable to perform the full motion.

Symptom

Information provided by the injured individual regarding their perception of the problem.

Confidentiality

A major concern affecting all healthcare providers is the individual's right to privacy.

Complete immobilization of the injury leads to atrophy, loss of strength, and decreased rate of healing in those tissues. Increased risk of re-injury exist as long as the affected tissues are below pre-injury strength.

What concerns are associated with complete immobilization of a body part following a soft tissue injury? Why?

It promotes increased blood viscosity or resistance to the flow, which further reduces blood loss from the wound.

What is the significance of vasoconstriction in the first phase of the healing process?

Abrasions

When the skin is scraped with sufficient force, usually in one direction, against a rough surface such as a floor or the artificial playing service.

Expressed Warranty

Which of the following is a written guarantee that a product is safe for use?

Comparative negligence

Refers to the relative degree of negligence on the part of a professional (defendant) and the participant (plaintiff), with damages awarded on a basis proportionate to each person's carelessness.

True

True or False? In some settings, the areas of injury prevention and management are relegated to the coach regardless of the individual's background.

Tort

A civil wrong done to an individual, whereby the injured party seeks a remedy for damages suffered.

Subjective Objective Assessment Plan

SOAP

providing appropriate supervision during activity

The sport/ physical activity participant is responsible for each of the following except: performing within the guidelines of an activity maintaining and wearing safety equipment providing appropriate supervision during activity reporting an injury

Reasonable person standard of care

A minimum standard that requires an individual to act as a responsibly prudent person.

Foreseeability of harm

Exists when danger is apparent or should have being apparent, resulting in an unreasonably unsafe condition.

True

True or False? The immediate care of an acute injury could range from the implementation of standard emergency care for a life threatening condition to administering standard immediate care.

True

True or False? The team approach to the delivery of healthcare allows for a comprehensive prevention, assessment, and management of an injury or illness as it utilizes the expertise of individual specialists working in conjunction with one another and the patient.

Negligence

Can occur as a result of an action or lack of action by a professional who had a legal duty of care.

True

True or False? Having been treated by an emergency room physician, a high school athlete reports to the coach with a written note from the physician stating that he should not participate in physical activity for 2 weeks. One week later, the athlete's parent calls the coach indicating that their son has improved significantly and grants permission for him to resume practice. If the coach allows the player to return to practice, a breach of duty has been committed.

False

True or False? You are the coach of a high school soccer team. Following a game, a college coach comes to your office expressing interest in one of the players on the team. It is appropriate to give the college coach limited information regarding the athlete's health.

The National Athletic Trainers' Association

NATA