Sports Injury Management SG
Deep Ex) the femur is deep to the skin.
Away from the body surface.
Aerobic or anaerobic
Cardiorespiratory exercise can be ? or ? depending upon the energy system being utilized?
Shear force
Causes one part of the object to slide against, displace or shear with another part of the object
Proximal Ex) the shoulder is proximal to the elbow
Closest to a reference point.
misfeasance
During an afternoon football practice on a hot, humid day in August, a coach delayed a scheduled water break until the team performed a particular drill in an acceptable manner. The water break was only 15 minutes later than the scheduled time. During the water break, one of the athletes collapsed with signs of heat stroke. What type of legal liability could result from the coach's actions? delaying the water break was an acceptable action; there is no liability issue malfeasance misfeasance gross negligence
Distal Ex) the wrist is distal to the elbow
Farthest from a reference point.
Puncture Wound
Formed when a sharp object, such as a shoe spike or nail, penetrates the skin and underlying tissues with tensile loading
Team physician
Is the final authority to determine the mental and physical fitness of athletes in organized programs. Should administer and review preseason physical examinations; preseason conditioning programs.
requires an individual to use the knowledge, skills, and abilities that conform to the standard of care for their particular specialization
Standard of care: requires an individual to use the knowledge, skills, and abilities that conform to the standard of care for their particular specialization refers to the ethical responsibilities that guide an individual's actions and promote standards of conduct is a legal obligation to protect individuals under one's care from unreasonable risks that could be harmful is the permission granted by the government for an individual to practice a professionrequires an individual to use the knowledge, skills, and abilities that conform to the standard of care for their particular specialization
requiring coaches to purchase insurance
The risk of litigation can be reduced by all of the following except: establishing clear standing orders for providing immediate care requiring coaches to purchase insurance having a well-organized emergency plan providing proper supervision
Inflammatory Phase (0-6 days) The Proliferative Phase (3-21 days) The Maturation phase (3 weeks-1 yr)
Three Phases of the healing process?
True
True or False? It is imperative that the coach has an understanding of legal issues pertaining to injury care and management.
True
True or False? No single profession can provide the expertise to carryout this enormous responsibility.
The team approach to the delivery of healthcare
Allows for a comprehensive prevention, assessment, and management of an injury or illness, as it taps the expertise of the individual specialist working in conjunction with one another and the patient.
Vasodilation
An increase in blood flow
all of the above must by present
An individual can be found negligent if: there was a duty of care there was a breach of duty of care there was harm that was directly caused by breach of duty of care any of the above are present all of the above must by present
Spasm
An involuntary contraction of short duration caused by reflex action that can be biochemically derived or initiated by a mechanical blow to a nerve or muscle.
Benefits of having team approach
By having healthcare professional from different disciplines work collaboratively, a venue is in place for addressing an injury from different perspectives.
Visceral pain
Defuse or referred rather than localized to the problem site, originates from the internal organs.
Good Samaritan laws
Developed to encourage bystanders to assist others in need of emergency care by granting them immunity from potential litigation.
Ballistic or static
Flexibility can be increased through ? or ? stretching techniques.
Axial force
Force acting along the long axis of a structure. Ex) body weight creates axial loads
E. answers A & B only
In order to ensure appropriate healthcare to participants, a coach should be certified: A. in emergency cardiac care B. in emergency first aid C. as an athletic trainer D. all of the above E. answers A & B only
What does HIPAA do?
Includes laws that are intended to protect the privacy of patients.
Myositis
Inflammation of the muscle
Identifying the history of the injury
Most important step in injury assessment?
Abduction
Movement along the frontal plane whereby the limb moved away from the midline of the body. Ex) raising the arm
Adduction Ex.) Lowering a raised arm to the side of the body
Movement along the frontal plane whereby the limb moves towards the midline of the body.
Flexion
Movement along the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of the joint. Ex) bending the knee
Static stretching
Movement is slow and deliberate
60 to 100 bpm
Normal heart rate for adults?
Referred pain
Perceived at a location remote from the side of the tissues actually causing the pain.
Bilateral Ex) the ears are bilateral to the skull body.
Pertaining to both sides of the outer body.
Professional standard of care
Requires an individual to use the knowledge, skills, and abilities that conform to the standard of care for their particular specialization.
Aerobic exercise
Requires oxygen to produce energy
Supination
Rotating of the forearm side to side. Ex) you can hold a cup of tea in your hand
Pronation
Rotating the forearm up-and-down Ex) Palm laying down on the table
SAID Principle
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands
SAID principle states
That the body responds to a given demand with a specific and predictable adaptation.
Athletic training
The absence of an athletic trainer, it is essential that the coach understand the responsibilities of the athletic trainer to ensure that the coach acts in their appropriate duty a care intending to an injured participant.
Laxity
The amount of "give" within a joint supportive tissue is termed
Primary Survey
To identify and initiate management of any life threatening conditions.
Team approach to the delivery of healthcare
Will be presented with reference to the responsibilities of the coach, team physician, primary care physician, in the participant.
Expressed warranty
Written guarantee that the product is safe for use.
Somatic pain
Originates in the skin as well as internal structures in the musculoskeletal system.
Preparticipation Examination
Performed by a licensed physician as a requirement for participation in sports team or in the physical fitness program can be an effective strategy for ensuring an individualhealth and safety as it pertains to their participation in physical activity or sport.
Overload
Physiological improvements occur when an individual physically demands more of the body than is normally required.
Tendinitis
Inflammation of the tendons
Active range of motion
Is performed voluntarily by the individual
Exudate
A plasma-like fluid that exudes out of tissues or its capillaries and is composed of protein and granular leukocytes (white blood cells).
Avulsion
A severe laceration that results in complete separation of the skin from the underlying tissues.
Laceration
An irregular tear in the skin that typically results from a combination of tension and shear. Edges are often jagged, leading to significant bleeding.
Sign
An objective, measurable physical findings regarding an individual's condition.
Battery
Any unfermented or intentional contact with another individual without their consent.
Influenced by an interaction of frequency, duration, and intensity.
How to maintain and improve cardiovascular endurance?
24 hours
Immobilization can lead to loss of muscle strength within:
Informed consent
Implies that an injured party has been reasonably informed of the needed treatment for the services that a coach may need to perform, possible alternative treatments, and advantages and disadvantages of each course of action.
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of the tendon sheath
Implied warranty
Manufacturers have a duty of care to design, manufacture, in package equipments that will not cause injury to an individual when used as intended.
20 to 25 breaths per minute
Normal respiration for children?
Malfeasance (Commission)
Occurs when an individual commits an act that is not their responsibility to perform.
Misfeasance
Occurs when an individual commits an act that is their legal responsibility to perform, but uses the wrong procedure or performs the correct procedure in an improper manner.
Nonfeasance (Omission)
Occurs when an individual fails to perform a legal duty of care.
Tensile force
Pulling force that stretches the object to which is it applied.
Anaerobic exercise
Short, intense bursts of activity that last for less than several minutes.
History
Subjective information is gained through what part of the HOPS process?
Superficial Ex) the skin is superficial to the muscles
Towards or at the body surface.
Medial Ex) the little finger is medial to the thumb
Towards or at the midline of the body.
Posterior Ex) the buttock muscles lie posterior to the pelvis.
Towards the back of the body.
Anterior Ex) the quadriceps muscles lie anterior to the femur.
Towards the front of the body.
Superior Ex) the heart is superior to the abdomen.
Towards the head or cranium.
Leukocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) ingest the cellular debris; in doing so, prepares the area for repair.
What is phagocytosis?
Cardiorespiratory endurance
Refers to the ability to sustain prolonged exercise.
Frequency
Refers to the number of exercise sessions per day or week.
Rotation
Turning a bone around on its axis
Who? What? When? Where? How?
What are the questions for mechanisms of injury?
It has meaning!
What is an important fact about pain?
developing and implementing appropriate conditioning programs
Which of the following tasks is the duty of the coach relative to injury prevention? developing and implementing appropriate conditioning programs administering basic first aid developing appropriate treatment programs diagnosing an acute injury taping the athletes before practice
False
True or False? Following an injury, the coach is responsible for the implementation of treatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioning programs as developed in consultation with a physician.
is to stop the blood loss from the wound area.
What is the significance of the activation of the coagulation cascade in the first phase of the healing process?
Lateral Ex) The thumb is lateral to the little finger
Away from the midline of the body.
Compressive force
Axial loading that produces a squeezing or crushing effect.
Exculpatory waiver
Based on the individuals assumption of risk and is a release signed by the individual or parent of the individual under the age of 18 that releases the physician from liability of negligence.
A. review preseason conditioning programs
In an athletic program, the team physician should: A. review preseason conditioning programs B. administer preseason conditioning programs C. design preseason conditioning programs D. none of the above E. answers A & C only
Disposition
Information gathered during the assessment must be analyzed and decisions made based on the best interests of the injured individual.
Elevation
Lifting a body parts superiorly. Ex) shrugging your shoulders
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Lifting the foot towards the shin is dorsiflexion. Depressing the foot away from the skin is called plantar flexion.
Circumduction
Limb moves in a circle
all of the above
The duties of the certified athletic trainer include which of the following: injury prevention injury rehabilitation injury assessment acute care of injury all of the above
supervising physician
The final authority to clear an athlete for participation rests with the: athletic trainer coach supervising physician parent of the athlete
The board of certification for athletic trainer
The professional organization responsible for about the certification of athletic trainers and defining the major performance domains of the athletic trainer.
Inferior Ex) the pelvic cavity is in inferior to the thoracic cavity.
Towards the lower part of the body.
Ballistic stretching
Uses repetitive bouncing motions at the end of the available ROM.
Chronic injury
When repeated or chronic loading over time produces an injury.
Weight bearing
When the individual has successfully completed active and resisted motion.
Prevention
Encompasses a broad spectrum of knowledge and skills that address the risks associated with participation in sports and physical activities.
Duty of care
Encompasses a variety of responsibilities, such as teaching proper and appropriate techniques for any age group, providing appropriate supervision of activities, providing quality safety equipment, insuring a safe participation environment and taking proper actions when injuries sustained.
-there was a duty of care owed to the injured person by the person responsible for the injury. -there was a breach of that duty. -there was harm. -the resulting harm was a direct cause of the breach of duty
Four elements of negligence:
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Legal considerations
It is essential that coaches, physical educators, and other specialists responsible for the medical well-being of their players protect themselves with regard to liability, a legal responsibility for one's acts.
committing an act that is not your responsibility to perform
Malfeasance is defined as: committing an act that is not your responsibility to perform committing an act that another minimally competent professional would do in the same circumstance committing an act that is your responsibility to perform, but you use the wrong procedure failing to perform your legal duty of care
Protraction
Pushing your jaw out
False
True or False? If an individual signs an assumption of risk form, the coach/ fitness specialist is no longer liable for any injuries that may occur to that individual.
True
True or False? It is a responsibility of the coach to evaluate the status of participants prior to permitting them to engage in activity.
False
True or False? Negligence can occur as a result of commission, but not as a result of omission.
Identify five local factors (not systemic) that can delay the healing of a soft tissue injury.
1) Extent (size) of the injury 2) Extent (amount) of hemorrhage and edema 3) Muscle spasm 4) Inflammation 5) Infection
Assumption of risk
Coaches should inform potential participants of the risks for injury during sport and physical activity participation.
True
True or False? A conscious and medically competent individual has the right to refuse treatment.
False
True or False? Risk management is the sole responsibility of the coach.
Prevents pooling of the blood in the extremities.
What does elevation of an injured side due for the injury?
Direct pressure
What is the best method of controlling bleeding?
Anatomic position
The body is erect, facing forward, with the arms at the side of the body, palms facing forward.
Acute injury
When a single force produces an injury.
negligence
During a weight training session, the coach left the room to work with some players in the gymnasium. While the coach was out of the room, an athlete sustained an injury using the equipment. The coach is at risk for: failure to warn negligence lack of product liability forseeability of harm
History Observation Palpation Special Tests
HOPS
120 to 140 bpm
Normal heart rate for children?
10 to 20 breaths per minute
Normal respiration for adults?
Resisted range of motion
When an individual is able to perform the full and pain-free motion, the coach may want to resist range of motion to detect muscle strength.
Cramp
A painful involuntary contraction that may be clonic, with alternating contraction and relaxation.
To identify the type and extent of an injury, and the immediate disposition of the condition.
Purpose of a secondary survey?
athletic director
The team approach to the delivery of health care to athletes includes all of the following individuals except the: team physician primary care physician athletic trainer coach athletic director
Sports medicine
A broad and complex branch of healthcare, encompassing several disciplines.
Incisions
Caused by a sharp, cutting object, such as broken glass.
Retraction
Letting your jaw return to normal position
Symptoms
What is information provided by the individual regarding their perception of the problem?
Dependent on the specific age group
What is the focus of the PPE?
Extension
Movement along the sagittal plane that increases the angle of the joint. Ex) straightening a flexed knee
Can protect the participant from accidental or routine injuries associated with a particular sport or physical activity.
Purpose of protective equipment?
False
True or False? Good Samaritan Laws protect the employees of a fitness facility who render improper care to a client.
Passive range of motion
When an injured individual is unable to perform the full motion.
Symptom
Information provided by the injured individual regarding their perception of the problem.
Confidentiality
A major concern affecting all healthcare providers is the individual's right to privacy.
Complete immobilization of the injury leads to atrophy, loss of strength, and decreased rate of healing in those tissues. Increased risk of re-injury exist as long as the affected tissues are below pre-injury strength.
What concerns are associated with complete immobilization of a body part following a soft tissue injury? Why?
It promotes increased blood viscosity or resistance to the flow, which further reduces blood loss from the wound.
What is the significance of vasoconstriction in the first phase of the healing process?
Abrasions
When the skin is scraped with sufficient force, usually in one direction, against a rough surface such as a floor or the artificial playing service.
Expressed Warranty
Which of the following is a written guarantee that a product is safe for use?
Comparative negligence
Refers to the relative degree of negligence on the part of a professional (defendant) and the participant (plaintiff), with damages awarded on a basis proportionate to each person's carelessness.
True
True or False? In some settings, the areas of injury prevention and management are relegated to the coach regardless of the individual's background.
Tort
A civil wrong done to an individual, whereby the injured party seeks a remedy for damages suffered.
Subjective Objective Assessment Plan
SOAP
providing appropriate supervision during activity
The sport/ physical activity participant is responsible for each of the following except: performing within the guidelines of an activity maintaining and wearing safety equipment providing appropriate supervision during activity reporting an injury
Reasonable person standard of care
A minimum standard that requires an individual to act as a responsibly prudent person.
Foreseeability of harm
Exists when danger is apparent or should have being apparent, resulting in an unreasonably unsafe condition.
True
True or False? The immediate care of an acute injury could range from the implementation of standard emergency care for a life threatening condition to administering standard immediate care.
True
True or False? The team approach to the delivery of healthcare allows for a comprehensive prevention, assessment, and management of an injury or illness as it utilizes the expertise of individual specialists working in conjunction with one another and the patient.
Negligence
Can occur as a result of an action or lack of action by a professional who had a legal duty of care.
True
True or False? Having been treated by an emergency room physician, a high school athlete reports to the coach with a written note from the physician stating that he should not participate in physical activity for 2 weeks. One week later, the athlete's parent calls the coach indicating that their son has improved significantly and grants permission for him to resume practice. If the coach allows the player to return to practice, a breach of duty has been committed.
False
True or False? You are the coach of a high school soccer team. Following a game, a college coach comes to your office expressing interest in one of the players on the team. It is appropriate to give the college coach limited information regarding the athlete's health.
The National Athletic Trainers' Association
NATA
