Sports Med Ch 14

Ball-and-socket joint

A joint that occurs when two bones have both convex and concave regions with shapes of the bones complimenting each other to allow wide range of motion

Synovial fluid

A lubricating substance found in joint cavities

Articular cartilage

Connective tissue covering the ends of long bones

Closed kinematic chain

The body part in a sequence of body parts farthest from the trunk is fixed during movement

Open kinematic chain

The body part in a sequence of body parts farthest from the trunk is free during movement

Joint articulation

The connecting points of two bones

Axial plane

A horizontal, flat surface dividing the body into upper and lower parts

Gliding joints

A joint that allows bones to move in a sliding motion

Ball-and-socket joints

A joint that allows movement in almost any direction, providing the widest range of motion possible among joints

Sagittal plane

A vertical, flat surface running from front to back of body

Gout

Accumulation of uric acid crystals in thr joint at the base of the large toe and other joints in the foot

Synarthroses

Immoveable joints that lack a synovial cavity and are held together by fibrous connective tissues

Syndemoses

Joints where the bones are connected by ligaments

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A connective tissue disorder resulting in severe inflammation of small joints

Synovial membrane

A double layer of connective tissue that lines joint cavities and produces synovial fluid

Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint

A freely moveable joint that allows bones to move about one another in many different directions, but cannot rotate

Concave

A half circle shaped idemtation on a surface

Convex

A half-circle shaped protrusion on a surface

Synarthroses

An immovable joint in which a conical process fits into a socket held in place by ligaments

Sutures

An immovable, fused joint found only in the skull and separated by a layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones of the skull

Arthritis

An inflammation of the entire joint

Bursitis

An inflammation of the synovial cavity, caused by excess stress or tension

Synovial joint

Freely moveable joint; also known as a diarthrosis

Diarthrosis

Freely moveable joints; also known as synovial joints

Plantar flexion

Movement allowing foot to extend

Abduction

Movement allowing limbs to move away from the midline of the body

Dorsiflexion

Movement allowing the foot to flex

Adduction

Movement allowing the limbs to move toward the midline of the body

Circumduction

Movement allowing the proximal end of the limb to remain stationary while the distal end moves in a circle

Elevation

Movement of a bome upward in a frontal plane

Rotation

Movement of a bone around an axis toward or away from the body

Retraction

Movement of a bone backward in a transverse plane

Depression

Movement of bone downward in a frontal plane

Pronation

Movement of radius or ulna posterior or inferior

Supination

Movement of the radius and ulna anterior or superior

Inversion

Movement of the sole of the foot inward

Eversion

Movement of the sole of the foot outward

Opposition

Movement of the thumb to touch each finger

Flexion

Movement that allows the angle between two bones to decrease

Extension

Movement that allows the angle between two bones to increase

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly moveable joints where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Arthrology

The study of joints