Sports Med Ch 14
Ball-and-socket joint
A joint that occurs when two bones have both convex and concave regions with shapes of the bones complimenting each other to allow wide range of motion
Synovial fluid
A lubricating substance found in joint cavities
Articular cartilage
Connective tissue covering the ends of long bones
Closed kinematic chain
The body part in a sequence of body parts farthest from the trunk is fixed during movement
Open kinematic chain
The body part in a sequence of body parts farthest from the trunk is free during movement
Joint articulation
The connecting points of two bones
Axial plane
A horizontal, flat surface dividing the body into upper and lower parts
Gliding joints
A joint that allows bones to move in a sliding motion
Ball-and-socket joints
A joint that allows movement in almost any direction, providing the widest range of motion possible among joints
Sagittal plane
A vertical, flat surface running from front to back of body
Gout
Accumulation of uric acid crystals in thr joint at the base of the large toe and other joints in the foot
Synarthroses
Immoveable joints that lack a synovial cavity and are held together by fibrous connective tissues
Syndemoses
Joints where the bones are connected by ligaments
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A connective tissue disorder resulting in severe inflammation of small joints
Synovial membrane
A double layer of connective tissue that lines joint cavities and produces synovial fluid
Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint
A freely moveable joint that allows bones to move about one another in many different directions, but cannot rotate
Concave
A half circle shaped idemtation on a surface
Convex
A half-circle shaped protrusion on a surface
Synarthroses
An immovable joint in which a conical process fits into a socket held in place by ligaments
Sutures
An immovable, fused joint found only in the skull and separated by a layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones of the skull
Arthritis
An inflammation of the entire joint
Bursitis
An inflammation of the synovial cavity, caused by excess stress or tension
Synovial joint
Freely moveable joint; also known as a diarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Freely moveable joints; also known as synovial joints
Plantar flexion
Movement allowing foot to extend
Abduction
Movement allowing limbs to move away from the midline of the body
Dorsiflexion
Movement allowing the foot to flex
Adduction
Movement allowing the limbs to move toward the midline of the body
Circumduction
Movement allowing the proximal end of the limb to remain stationary while the distal end moves in a circle
Elevation
Movement of a bome upward in a frontal plane
Rotation
Movement of a bone around an axis toward or away from the body
Retraction
Movement of a bone backward in a transverse plane
Depression
Movement of bone downward in a frontal plane
Pronation
Movement of radius or ulna posterior or inferior
Supination
Movement of the radius and ulna anterior or superior
Inversion
Movement of the sole of the foot inward
Eversion
Movement of the sole of the foot outward
Opposition
Movement of the thumb to touch each finger
Flexion
Movement that allows the angle between two bones to decrease
Extension
Movement that allows the angle between two bones to increase
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly moveable joints where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
Arthrology
The study of joints